一. subprocess輸出shell命令的值
方法1:
#!/usr/bin/python3 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import os import subprocess # 與在命令窗口執行顯示效果相同,如有彩色輸出可保留,但不能返回結果 def run(command): subprocess.call(command, shell=True) # 實時輸出但不可顯示彩色,可以返回結果 def sh(command, print_msg=True): p = subprocess.Popen(command, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT) lines = [] for line in iter(p.stdout.readline, b''): line = line.rstrip().decode('utf8') if print_msg: print(">>>", line) lines.append(line) return lines #print('run():') #run("ping www.baidu.com") #cmd = 'certbot certonly --no-self-upgrade -d "*.smartfleet.inhandiot.com" -d "smartfleet.inhandiot.com" --manual --preferred-challenges dns --dry-run --manual-auth-hook "/root/workshop/certbot/au.sh python aly add" --manual-cleanup-hook "/root/workshop/certbot/au.sh python aly clean"' print('\n\nsh():') sh("free -h") #sh(cmd)
寫入文件
>>> fdout=open("/tmp/ifconfig.log", 'a') >>> fderr=open("/tmp/ifconfig-error.log", 'a') >>> p=subprocess.Popen("ifconfig", stdout=fdout, stderr=fderr, shell=True) >>> p.wait()
從文件中取某行,這里取最后一行為例
#1. 從文件中取到最后一行 >>> os.popen("cat /tmp/test11.log").readlines()[-1].strip() 或者 with open("/tmp/test11.log", mode="r", encoding="UTF-8") as fd: x=fd.readlines()[-1] print(x)
方法2:
import subprocess
def run_shell(shell):
cmd = subprocess.Popen(shell, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, universal_newlines=True, shell=True, bufsize=1) # 實時輸出 while True: line = cmd.stdout.readline() print(line, end='') if not line: break return cmd.returncode if __name__ == '__main__': print(run_shell("ping www.baidu.com"))
universal_newlines: 各種換行符都統一處理為"\n"
bufsize=1: 表示行緩沖
方法3
.readline可能導致卡死,官方推薦使用communicate,但是如果還是使用subprocess.PIPE,執行完命令后才能拿到標准輸出,替換成sys.stdout就能達到實時輸出效果,代碼附上
import subprocess import sys def run_shell(shell): cmd = subprocess.Popen(shell, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=sys.stderr, close_fds=True, stdout=sys.stdout, universal_newlines=True, shell=True, bufsize=1) cmd.communicate() return cmd.returncode if __name__ == '__main__': print(run_shell("ping www.baidu.com"))
https://www.cnblogs.com/chenqionghe/p/11532245.html
https://www.jb51.net/article/201484.htm
二. subprocess是否執行成功的狀態返回值
本例以一個不存在的目錄為例,來測試狀態返回值
import subprocess p = subprocess.Popen("ls /root", stderr=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, universal_newlines=True, shell=True, bufsize=1) err_msg=p.stderr.read() print("錯誤輸出為:",err_msg) cmd_status=p.poll() print(cmd_status) # 目錄為/root時返回0, 目錄為不存在的/abc時返回2
while True: line = p.stdout.readline() print(line) if not line: break #return cmd_status
測試代碼如上,poll函數返回碼:
0 正常結束 1 sleep 2 子進程不存在 -15 kill None 在運行