如何在pyqt中通過調用 SetWindowCompositionAttribute 實現Win10亞克力效果

亞克力效果

在《如何在pyqt中實現窗口磨砂效果》和《如何在pyqt中實現win10亞克力效果》中，我們調用C++ dll來實現窗口效果，這種方法要求電腦上必須裝有MSVC。Visual Studio裝起來確實費時又占C盤空間，所以今天在python中直接調用 SetWindowCompositionAttribute，關於更多無邊框窗體的解決方案可以參見《如何在pyqt中自定義無邊框窗口》。下面是這次的亞克力效果（硝子太美了(๑¯∀¯๑)）：

具體代碼

結構體和枚舉類

為了調用 Windows 的 API，我們需要定義一些結構體和枚舉類，具體如下：

# coding:utf-8

from ctypes import POINTER, Structure
from ctypes.wintypes import DWORD, HWND, ULONG
from enum import Enum


class WINDOWCOMPOSITIONATTRIB(Enum):
    WCA_UNDEFINED = 0,
    WCA_NCRENDERING_ENABLED = 1,
    WCA_NCRENDERING_POLICY = 2,
    WCA_TRANSITIONS_FORCEDISABLED = 3,
    WCA_ALLOW_NCPAINT = 4,
    WCA_CAPTION_BUTTON_BOUNDS = 5,
    WCA_NONCLIENT_RTL_LAYOUT = 6,
    WCA_FORCE_ICONIC_REPRESENTATION = 7,
    WCA_EXTENDED_FRAME_BOUNDS = 8,
    WCA_HAS_ICONIC_BITMAP = 9,
    WCA_THEME_ATTRIBUTES = 10,
    WCA_NCRENDERING_EXILED = 11,
    WCA_NCADORNMENTINFO = 12,
    WCA_EXCLUDED_FROM_LIVEPREVIEW = 13,
    WCA_VIDEO_OVERLAY_ACTIVE = 14,
    WCA_FORCE_ACTIVEWINDOW_APPEARANCE = 15,
    WCA_DISALLOW_PEEK = 16,
    WCA_CLOAK = 17,
    WCA_CLOAKED = 18,
    WCA_ACCENT_POLICY = 19,
    WCA_FREEZE_REPRESENTATION = 20,
    WCA_EVER_UNCLOAKED = 21,
    WCA_VISUAL_OWNER = 22,
    WCA_LAST = 23


class ACCENT_STATE(Enum):
    """ 客戶區狀態枚舉類 """
    ACCENT_DISABLED = 0,
    ACCENT_ENABLE_GRADIENT = 1,
    ACCENT_ENABLE_TRANSPARENTGRADIENT = 2,
    ACCENT_ENABLE_BLURBEHIND = 3,          # Aero效果
    ACCENT_ENABLE_ACRYLICBLURBEHIND = 4,   # 亞克力效果
    ACCENT_INVALID_STATE = 5


class ACCENT_POLICY(Structure):
    """ 設置客戶區的具體屬性 """
    _fields_ = [
        ('AccentState',   DWORD),
        ('AccentFlags',   DWORD),
        ('GradientColor', DWORD),
        ('AnimationId',   DWORD),
    ]


class WINDOWCOMPOSITIONATTRIBDATA(Structure):
    _fields_ = [
        ('Attribute',  DWORD),
        ('Data',       POINTER(ACCENT_POLICY)), # POINTER()接收任何ctypes類型，並返回一個指針類型
        ('SizeOfData', ULONG),
    ]

WindowEffect 類

WindowEffect 的 setAcrylicEffect 函數中新增了兩個參數—— isEnableShadow 和 animationId，一個控制亞克力窗口的陰影，另一個控制磨砂動畫。在demo中是看不出 animationId 的具體效果的，只有窗口最大化和還原時這個動畫過程才會顯現出來，具體過程可以參見上一篇博客，里面的動圖顯示得很清楚，下面是這個類的代碼：

# coding:utf-8

from ctypes import POINTER, c_bool, sizeof, windll,pointer,c_int
from ctypes.wintypes import DWORD, HWND, ULONG

from win32 import win32api, win32gui
from win32.lib import win32con

from .c_structures import (ACCENT_POLICY, ACCENT_STATE,
                        WINDOWCOMPOSITIONATTRIB,
                        WINDOWCOMPOSITIONATTRIBDATA)


class WindowEffect():
    """ 調用windows api實現窗口效果 """

    def __init__(self):
        # 調用api
        self.SetWindowCompositionAttribute = windll.user32.SetWindowCompositionAttribute
        self.SetWindowCompositionAttribute.restype = c_bool
        self.SetWindowCompositionAttribute.argtypes = [
            c_int, POINTER(WINDOWCOMPOSITIONATTRIBDATA)]
        # 初始化結構體
        self.accentPolicy = ACCENT_POLICY()
        self.winCompAttrData = WINDOWCOMPOSITIONATTRIBDATA()
        self.winCompAttrData.Attribute = WINDOWCOMPOSITIONATTRIB.WCA_ACCENT_POLICY.value[0]
        self.winCompAttrData.SizeOfData = sizeof(self.accentPolicy)
        self.winCompAttrData.Data = pointer(self.accentPolicy)

    def setAcrylicEffect(self, hWnd: int, gradientColor: str = 'F2F2F230',
                         isEnableShadow: bool = True, animationId: int = 0):
        """ 開啟亞克力效果

        Parameters
        ----------
        hWnd: int
            窗口句柄

        gradientColor: str
             十六進制亞克力混合色，對應 RGBA 四個分量

        isEnableShadow: bool
            是否啟用窗口陰影

        animationId: int
            控制磨砂動畫
        """
        # 亞克力混合色
        gradientColor = gradientColor[6:] + gradientColor[4:6] + \
            gradientColor[2:4] + gradientColor[:2]
        gradientColor = DWORD(int(gradientColor, base=16))
        # 磨砂動畫
        animationId = DWORD(animationId)
        # 窗口陰影
        accentFlags = DWORD(0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80 |
                            0x100) if isEnableShadow else DWORD(0)
        self.accentPolicy.AccentState = ACCENT_STATE.ACCENT_ENABLE_ACRYLICBLURBEHIND.value[0]
        self.accentPolicy.GradientColor = gradientColor
        self.accentPolicy.AccentFlags = accentFlags
        self.accentPolicy.AnimationId = animationId
        # 開啟亞克力
        self.SetWindowCompositionAttribute(hWnd, pointer(self.winCompAttrData))

    def setAeroEffect(self, hWnd: int):
        """ 開啟 Aero 效果

        Parameter
        ----------
        hWnd: int
            窗口句柄
        """
        self.accentPolicy.AccentState = ACCENT_STATE.ACCENT_ENABLE_BLURBEHIND.value[0]
        # 開啟Aero
        self.SetWindowCompositionAttribute(hWnd, pointer(self.winCompAttrData))

    def moveWindow(self, hWnd: int):
        """ 移動窗口

        Parameter
        ----------
        hWnd: int or `sip.voidptr`
            窗口句柄
        """
        win32gui.ReleaseCapture()
        win32api.SendMessage(hWnd, win32con.WM_SYSCOMMAND,
                    win32con.SC_MOVE + win32con.HTCAPTION, 0)

demo

# coding:utf-8

import sys

from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget

from my_window_effect import WindowEffect


class Demo(QWidget):

    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super().__init__(parent)

        self.windowEffect = WindowEffect()
        self.resize(500, 500)
        self.setWindowFlags(Qt.FramelessWindowHint)
        # 必須用樣式表使背景透明，別用 setAttribute(Qt.WA_TranslucentBackground)，不然界面會卡頓
        self.setStyleSheet("background:transparent")
        self.windowEffect.setAcrylicEffect(int(self.winId()))

    def mousePressEvent(self, QMouseEvent):
        """ 移動窗口 """
        self.windowEffect.moveWindow(self.winId())


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    demo = Demo()
    demo.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

寫在最后

文中用到的文件我都放在了百度網盤（提取碼：m1jr）中，可以自取，喜歡的話就點個贊吧~~