網絡編程
1.1、概述
1、計算機網絡
計算機網絡是指將==地理位置不同==的具有獨立功能的多台計算機及其外部設備,通過通信線路連接起來,在網絡操作系統,網絡管理軟件及網絡通信協議的管理和協調下,實現資源共享和信息傳遞的計算機系統。
2、網絡編程的目的:無線電台...傳播交流信息,數據交換,通信
3、想要達到這個效果需要什么?
- 如何准確的定位網絡上的一台主機
- 找到這個主機,如何傳輸數據
- javaweb:網頁編程 B/S
- 網絡編程:TCP/IP C/S
1.2、網絡通信的要素
如何實現網絡的通信?
通信雙方地址
-
IP 192.168.0.0:8080
-
端口號
規則:網絡通信的協議
TCP/IP參考模型:

小結:
- 網絡編程中的兩個主要的問題
- 如何准確的定位到網絡上的一台或者多台主機
- 找到主機之后如何進行通信
- 網絡編程中的要素
- IP和端口號 IP
- 網絡通信協議 UDP TCP
1.3、IP
- ip地址:InetAddress
- 唯一定位一台網絡上的計算機
- 127.0.0.1:本機locallhost
- ip地址的分類
- ipv4/ipv6
- IPV4 127.0.0.1 4個字節組成。0-255
- IPV6 fe80::cd8c:14a:6388:7c1c%12,128位,8個無符號整數!
- 公網(互聯網)-- 私網(局域網)
- ABCD類地址
- 192.168.xx.xx,專門給組織內部使用的
- ipv4/ipv6
- 域名:記憶IP問題!
- IP:www.vip.com
1.4、端口
端口表示計算機上的一個程序的進程
- 不同的進程有不同的端口號!用來區分軟件!
- 被規定0--65535
- TCP,UDP:65535*2。TCP:80,UDP:80?Y
- 單個協議下,端口號不能沖突
- 端口分類
- 公有端口0--1023
- HTTP:80
- HTTPS:443
- FTP:21
- Telent:23
- 程序注冊端口:1024~49151,分配用戶或程序
- Tomcat:8080
- MySQL:3306
- Oracle:1521
- 動態、私有:19152~65535
- 公有端口0--1023
netstat -ano#查看所用的端口
netstat -ano|findstr "5900" #管道符的作用,用來做分割,先把后邊的執行完后代入前邊進行執行。。。。查看指定的端口
tasklist|findstr "指定端口的進程"
ctr+shift+esc 打開任務管理器
package com.lessonweb.net;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class TsetInetSocketAdress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",8080);
InetSocketAddress socketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost",8080);
System.out.println(socketAddress);
System.out.println(socketAddress2);
System.out.println(socketAddress.getAddress());
System.out.println(socketAddress.getHostName());//地址
System.out.println(socketAddress.getPort());//端口
}
}
1.5、通信協議
協議:約定,就好比人與人之間的普通話
網路通信協議:速率,傳輸碼率,代碼結構,傳輸控制......
問題:復雜
解決方式:大事化小:分層!
TCP/IP協議簇:實際上是一組協議
- TCP:用戶傳輸協議
- UDP:用戶數據報協議
出名的協議
- TCP協議
- IP協議:網絡互連協議
TCP UDP對比
TCP: 打電話
-
需要連接,穩定
-
三次握手、四次揮手
最少需要三次,保證穩定連接! A:你瞅啥? B:瞅你咋地? A:干一場! A:我要走了! B:真的要走了嗎? B:真的真的要走了嗎? A:我真的要走了!
-
客戶端、服務端
-
傳輸完成、釋放連接、效率低
UDP:發短信
- 不連接,不穩定
- 客戶端、服務端,沒有明確的界限
- 不算有沒有准備好,都可以發給你
- 類似於導彈,不需要詢問對方
- DDOS:洪水攻擊(飽和攻擊)
1.6、TCP
客戶端
1、連接服務器,通過Socket
2、發送消息
package com.lessonweb.tcp;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket= null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
//1、要知道服務器的地址
InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
//2、端口號
int port =9999;
//3、創建一個socket連接
socket = new Socket(serverIP,port);
//3、發送消息
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好,網絡編程".getBytes());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if (os!=null) {
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket!=null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
服務端
1、建立服務的窗口,通過ServerSocket
2、等待用戶的連接,通過accept
3、接收用的消息
package com.lessonweb.tcp;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
//1、我有一個地址
try {
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
//2、等待客戶端連接過來
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//讀取客戶端的消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
//管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int length;
while ((length = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
baos.write(buffer, 0, length);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//關閉資源
if (baos != null) {
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is != null) {
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (serverSocket != null) {
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
文件上傳
服務器端
package com.lessonweb.tcp;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1、創建服務
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2、監聽客戶端的連接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3、獲取輸入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4、文件輸出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知客戶端我接受完畢了
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("我已經接收完畢了,你可以退出了!".getBytes());
//關閉資源
os.close();
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
客戶端
package com.lessonweb.tcp;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
//2、創建一個輸出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3、讀取一個文件
FileInputStream files = new FileInputStream(new File("TcpClientDemo01.java"));
//4、寫出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = files.read())!=1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知服務器。我已經結束了
socket.shutdownOutput();//我已經傳輸完了
//確定服務器接收完畢 才能夠斷開連接
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
int len2;
while ((len2=inputStream.read())!=-1){
baos.write(buffer2,0,len2);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//5、關閉
baos.close();
inputStream.close();
files.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
1.7、UDP
1、聊天實現
發送方:
public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//准備數據,控制台讀取
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true){
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
接收方:
public class UdpReceiveDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while (true){
//准備接受包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//接收包裹
//斷開連接
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
2、在線咨詢:兩個人都可以是發送方,也都可以是接收方!
Receive:
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket =null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceive(int port,String msgFrom) {
this.port = port;
this.socket = socket;
this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
try {
//准備接受包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
try {
socket.receive(packet);//接收包裹
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//斷開連接
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(msgFrom+":"+receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
Send:
public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
private int fromPort;
private String toIP;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(int fromPort,String toIP,int toPort ) {
this.fromPort= fromPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try{
socket=new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
reader=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
try {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP, this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
3、簡單案例的實現:師生對話交流
Student:
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//開啟兩個線程
new Thread(new TalkSend(777,"localhost",9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老師")).start();
}
}
Teacher:
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"學生")).start();
}
}
1.8、URL下載網絡資源
URL的組成:協議://IP地址:端口號/項目名/資源名
URLDown.java
public class URLDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1、下載地址
URL url = new URL("http://m701.music.126.net/20210324121008/fa40047aca19fe4a2639d56aa8b652b2/jdymusic/obj/wo3DlMOGwrbDjj7DisKw/5546003493/cfbc/699a/fadc/6b094e5431dfc70cb57527f51db8dd4c.mp3");
//2、連接到這個服務器
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("錯位時空.mp3");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0, len);//寫出這個數據
}
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();
}
}
public class URLDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloworld/index.jsp?username=kuang&passwoed=123");
System.out.println(url.getProtocol());//協議
System.out.println(url.getHost());//主機IP
System.out.println(url.getPort());//端口
System.out.println(url.getPath());//全路徑
System.out.println(url.getFile());//文件
System.out.println(url.getQuery());//參數
}
}