一、下載
1、百度搜索mysql,進入官網（或直接進入官網https://www.mysql.com）
2、選擇 downloads
3、翻到最下面，選擇MySQL Community (GPL) Downloads
4、選擇MySQL Community Server
5、選擇archives（歷史版本）
6、選擇相應操作系統、版本 ，點擊download 下載
二、安裝
1、配置規划
壓縮包存放路徑： /opt/software
安裝目錄： /usr/local/mysql
數據文件目錄： /usr/local/mysql/data
占用端口：3306
默認socket文件存放路徑： /tmp/mysql.sock 客戶端與服務器端通信的套接字文件
2、解壓:
cd /opt/software tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
3、重命名mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64為mysql
mv /usr/local/mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
4、創建數據目錄
mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data
5、創建mysql用戶,只用於配置mysql，無登錄權限
useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql
6、更改/usr/local/mysql 目錄權限給mysql
chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
7、初始化數據庫
在/usr/local/mysql目錄下執行初始化操作
注意：會生成一個臨時密碼，后面登錄數據庫會用到，記下來。PW-f?>wLp8wv
[root@bogon mysql]#cd /usr/local/mysql [root@bogon mysql]#bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data 2021-04-03T12:58:00.784162Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2021-04-03T12:58:00.953286Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790 2021-04-03T12:58:00.977791Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables. 2021-04-03T12:58:01.034994Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 3889e932-947c-11eb-85e1-000c29cabcf2. 2021-04-03T12:58:01.035793Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened. 2021-04-03T12:58:01.379465Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed. 2021-04-03T12:58:01.454994Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: PW-f?>wLp8wv # 臨時密碼
8、初始化ssl
[root@bogon mysql]# bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup
9、創建my.cnf配置文件
先備份原有的my.cnf
cp /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.old
修改/etc/my.cnf
vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedirr=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/data
10、mysql 啟動配置
復制配置文件 mysql.server 到 /etc/init.d
cd /usr/local/mysql cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
給所有用戶賦予可執行權限
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/mysqld
設置為開機啟動
chkconfig --add /etc/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on
11、啟動mysql服務
service mysqld start
mysql服務其他操作
查看mysql狀態 service mysqld status
停止mysql服務 service mysqld status
重啟mysql服務 service mysqld restart
12、配置環境變量
echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile
讓配置生效
source /etc/profile
13、登錄mysql
mysql -uroot -pqoge.eC#l9Wg
14、重置密碼
alter user root@'localhost' identified by '123';
15、重新登錄
mysql -uroot -p123
16、查看數據庫版本
select version;
三、重新初始化
若忘記了臨時密碼或意外刪除了/usr/local/mysql目錄等其他原因，可重新初始化。
1、停掉mysql服務
service mysqld stop
2、刪除/usr/local/mysql/data 目錄
rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/data
3、給目錄賦權
chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
4、重新初始化
[root@bogon mysql]#bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
5、重新初始化ssl
[root@bogon mysql]# bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup