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2021/02/24更新:僅做參考,建議學習SpringBoot。
說明1:只是實現了簡單的操作,但是邏輯並不嚴謹(比如並沒有進行密碼的加密,也沒有進行對不規范字符串的判斷),僅適合新手,望注意。
說明2:這個項目是在我的macbookpro上運行的。windows用戶的環境配置可能不一樣。望注意
前提:正確建立了一個javaweb項目(web項目建立教程)
開發環境與工具
- IntelliJ IDEA 2018.3.3(Ultimate Edition)(Mac版本)
- Mysql Workbench8.0
- jdk11
- Tomcat for mac ( 安裝教程 )
工具包
添加下包三個jar包,放到lib文件夾中。 jar包鏈接
密碼:rglh
功能說明
- 用戶登錄
- 新用戶注冊
- 用戶列表展示
- 用戶信息刪除
- 用戶信息更新
操作步驟
- 在mysql建立一個新表Student,里面有name,password,id(為了簡化操作,所以只有三列並且都是String類型)
create table if not exists Student (name varchar(10) primary key,
password varchar(10) not null,
id varchar(10) not null);
- 插入數據
insert into Student(name,password,id) values("005",123,5);
insert into Student(name,password,id) values("004",123,4);
insert into Student(name,password,id) values("003",123,3);
insert into Student(name,password,id) values("002",123,2);
insert into Student(name,password,id) values("001",123,1);
- 打開intellij新建一個javaweb項目,具體操作參考我的博客
- 導入連接數據庫的jar包,具體操作參考我的博客 intellij導數據庫jar包
- 建立對應的包結構
filter //過濾器,解決中文字符集亂碼
util //數據庫連接工具類
entity //實體類
dao //數據操作類
servlet //servlet類
- 在filter下新建一個EncodingFilter用來解決中文字符集亂碼,它需要實現Filter接口,並重寫doFilter函數
package filter;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
//在filter下新建一個EncodingFilter用來解決中文字符集亂碼,它需要實現Filter接口,並重寫doFilter函數
public class EncodingFilter implements Filter {
public EncodingFilter() {
System.out.println("過濾器構造");
}
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("過濾器銷毀");
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); //將編碼改為utf-8
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException {
System.out.println("過濾器初始化");
}
}
- web.xml的全部配置信息
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<display-name></display-name>
<filter><!-- 過濾器配置-->
<filter-name>EncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>filter.EncodingFilter</filter-class><!--全路徑 從根包開始一直到類名-->
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>EncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> <!--*即為過濾所有-->
</filter-mapping>
<servlet><!--servlet類路徑配置-->
<servlet-name>loginServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>servlet.loginServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>registerServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.servlet.registerServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>showAllServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>servlet.showAllServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>deleteServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.servlet.deleteServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>updateServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>servlet.updateServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping><!--servlet類映射配置-->
<servlet-name>loginServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/loginServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>registerServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/registerServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>showAllServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/showAllServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>deleteServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/deleteServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>updateServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/updateServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list><!--默認首頁地址-->
<welcome-file>login.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
- 在util下新建一個DBconnect類用來處理對數據庫的連接操作(用戶名或密碼按照自己的數據庫更改)
package com.util;
import java.sql.*;
public class DBconnect
{
static String url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/DataTest?useSSL=false";
static String user="root";
static String pw = "12345678";
static Connection conn=null;
static PreparedStatement ps=null;
static ResultSet rs=null;
static Statement st=null;
public static void init() throws SQLException, ClassNotFoundException {//SQl程序初始化
try{
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");//注冊驅動
conn= DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, pw); //建立連接
}catch (Exception e){
System.out.println("SQL程序初始化失敗");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static int addUpdateDelete(String sql){
int i=0;
try{
ps=conn.prepareStatement(sql);
boolean flag= ps.execute();
if(flag==false){//如果第一個結果是結果集對象,則返回true;如果第一個結果是更新計數或者沒有結果,則返回false
i++;
}
}catch(Exception e){
System.out.println("數據庫增刪改異常 ");
e.printStackTrace();
}
return i;
}
public static ResultSet selectSql(String sql){
try{
ps=conn.prepareStatement(sql);
rs=ps.executeQuery();
}catch(Exception e){
System.out.println("數據庫查詢異常");
e.printStackTrace();
}
return rs;
}
public static void closeConn(){
try{
conn.close();
}catch(Exception e){
System.out.println("數據庫關閉異常");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
- 在entity下新建一個MyUser實體類(實體即抽象出來的用戶對象,對應數據庫中的Student表,表中每個字段在實體中為一個屬性,也可以理解為一個User對象對應數據庫中的Student表一條記錄)
package entity;
public class MyUser {
private String name;
private String password;
private String id;
public MyUser(){}
public MyUser(String name,String password,String id){
this.name=name;
this.password=password;
this.id=id;
}
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public MyUser(String name, String password) {
this.name = name;
this.password = password;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String username) {
this.name = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}
- 在dao下新建一個UserDao接口 以及對應的方法實現類(使用接口類是為了規范開發)
UserDao類
package dao;
import java.util.List;
import entity.MyUser;
public interface UserDao {
public boolean login(String name,String password);
public boolean register(MyUser user);
public List<MyUser> getUserAll();//返回用戶信息集合
public boolean delete(String id);//根據id刪除
public boolean update(String name, String id);
}
UserDaoImplement類
package dao;
import entity.MyUser;
import util.DBconnect;
import java.lang.invoke.MutableCallSite;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class UserDaoImplement implements UserDao {
public boolean login(String name, String password) {
boolean flag = false;
try {
try{
DBconnect.init();
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
//注意查詢語句中的單引號雙引號
ResultSet rs = DBconnect.selectSql("select * from student where name='" + name + " 'and password='" + password + "';");
while (rs.next()) {
if (rs.getString("name").equals(name) && rs.getString("password").equals(password)) {
flag = true;
}
}
DBconnect.closeConn();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return flag;
}
public boolean register(MyUser user) {
boolean flag = false;
try{
DBconnect.init();
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
int i = DBconnect.addUpdateDelete("insert into student(name,password,id) " +
"values('" + user.getName() + "','" + user.getPassword() + "','"+user.getId()+" ' )");
if (i > 0) {
flag = true;
}
DBconnect.closeConn();
return flag;
}
public List<MyUser> getUserAll() {//返回用戶信息集合
List<MyUser> list = new ArrayList<>();
try {
try{
DBconnect.init();
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
ResultSet rs = DBconnect.selectSql("select * from student");
while (rs.next()) {
String nameone=rs.getString("name");
String passwordone=rs.getString("password");
String idone=rs.getString("id");
MyUser user=new MyUser(nameone,passwordone,idone);
list.add(user);
}
DBconnect.closeConn();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return list;
}
public boolean delete(String id) {//根據id刪除{
boolean flag = false;
try{
DBconnect.init();
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
String sql = "delete from student where id='" + id+"'";
int i = DBconnect.addUpdateDelete(sql);//i的意義:
if (i > 0) {
flag = true;
}
DBconnect.closeConn();
return flag;
}
public boolean update(String name, String id) {
boolean flag = false;
try{
DBconnect.init();
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
String sql = "update student set name ='" + name
+"'"+"where id = '" + id+"'";
int i = DBconnect.addUpdateDelete(sql);
System.out.println("1"+" "+i);
if (i > 0) {
flag = true;
}
DBconnect.closeConn();
return flag;
}
}
- 在servlet下創建loginServlet用來實現對用戶登錄的操作
package servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import dao.UserDao;
import dao.UserDaoImplement;
public class loginServlet extends HttpServlet { //需要繼承HttpServlet 並重寫doGet doPost方法
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(request, response); //將信息使用doPost方法執行 對應jsp頁面中的form表單中的method
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
String name = request.getParameter("name"); //得到jsp頁面傳過來的參數
String password = request.getParameter("password");
UserDao ud = new UserDaoImplement();
if (ud.login(name, password)) {
//request.setAttribute("hello", "歡迎用戶" + name); //向request域中放置信息
request.getRequestDispatcher("/success.jsp").forward(request, response);//轉發到成功頁面
} else {
response.sendRedirect("login.jsp"); //重定向到首頁
}
}
}
- 在servlet下創建一個registerServlet用來實現用戶注冊的操作
package com.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Date;
import java.text.*;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import dao.UserDao;
import dao.UserDaoImplement;
import entity.MyUser;
public class registerServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(request, response);
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
String name = request.getParameter("name"); //獲取jsp頁面傳過來的參數
String pwd = request.getParameter("password");
String id = request.getParameter("id");
MyUser user = new MyUser(); //實例化一個對象,組裝屬性
user.setName(name);
user.setPassword(pwd);
user.setId(id);
UserDao ud = new UserDaoImplement();
if(ud.register(user)){
request.setAttribute("name", name); //向request域中放置參數
request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request, response); //轉發到登錄頁面
}else{
response.sendRedirect("register.jsp");//注冊失敗則返回注冊頁面,但是缺少提示"注冊失敗"
}
}
}
- 在servlet下創建shouAllServlet用來返回數據庫中所有用戶信息
package servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import dao.UserDao;
import dao.UserDaoImplement;
import entity.MyUser;
public class showAllServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(request, response);
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
UserDao ud = new UserDaoImplement();
List<MyUser> userAll = ud.getUserAll();
request.setAttribute("all", userAll);
request.getRequestDispatcher("showAll.jsp").forward(request, response);
}
}
- 在servlet下創建updateServlet用來更新用戶信息(在此僅僅根據id來更新用戶姓名,邏輯性很弱
package servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.text.ParseException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import dao.UserDao;
import dao.UserDaoImplement;
import entity.MyUser;
public class updateServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(request, response);
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
String id = request.getParameter("id");
String name = request.getParameter("name"); //獲取jsp頁面傳過來的參數
UserDao ud = new UserDaoImplement();
if(ud.update(name, id)){
request.getRequestDispatcher("/addUpdateDeleteSuccess.jsp").forward(request, response);
}else{
response.sendRedirect("addUpdateDeleteFail.jsp");
}
}
}
補充:在servlet下創建deleteServlet用來刪除用戶信息
package servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import dao.UserDao;
import dao.UserDaoImplement;
public class deleteServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(request, response);
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
String id = request.getParameter("id");
UserDao ud = new UserDaoImplement();
if (ud.delete(id)) {
request.getRequestDispatcher("addUpdateDeleteSuccess.jsp").forward(request, response);
} else {
response.sendRedirect("addUpdateDeleteFail.jsp");
}
}
}
- 新建各種jsp頁面
login.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<html>
<head>
<title>登錄注冊頁面</title>
</head>
<body >
<form action="loginServlet" method="post" style="padding-top:-700px;">
用戶名:<input type="text" name="name"value=""><br><br>
密碼: <input type="password" name="password"value=""><br><br>
<input type="submit"value="登錄"name="login"><input type="reset"value="重置"><br>
</form>
<form action="register.jsp">
<input type="submit"value="新用戶注冊">
</form>
</body>
</html>
success.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>My JSP 'success.jsp' starting page</title>
</head>
<body>
<br>
<a href="showAllServlet">查看所有用戶</a>
</body>
</html>
register.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>My JSP starting page</title>
</head>
<body >
<form action="registerServlet"method="post" style="padding-top:-700px;">
輸入姓名:<input name="name" type="text"><br><br>
輸入密碼:<input name="password" type="password"><br><br>
輸入id:<input name="id" type="text" ><br><br>
<input type="reset"value="重置"><input type="submit"value="注冊">
</form>
</body>
</html>
showAll.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ page import="com.entity.MyUser" %>
<%@ page import="java.util.ArrayList" %>
<%@ page import="com.dao.UserDao" %>
<%@ page import="com.dao.UserDaoImplement" %>
<%@ page import="java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>所有用戶頁面</title>
</head>
<body>
<!--以下兩段代碼放在body中不要放在<html>之外-->
<%
String path=request.getContextPath();
String basepath=request.getScheme()+"://"+ request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+"/";
%>
<!-- 使用from提交數據,不能在不刷新頁面的情況下直接在當前頁面顯示處理過的后台數據-->
<c:forEach var="U" items="${requestScope.all}" >
<form action="updateServlet" method="post">
<tr>
<td><input type="text" value="${U.name}" name="name" ></td>
<td><input type="text" value="${U.password}" name="password"></td>
<td><input type="text" value="${U.id}" name="id"></td>
<td><a href="deleteServlet?id=${U.id}">刪除</a> <input type="submit" value="更新"/></td>
</tr>
</form>
</c:forEach>
</body>
</html>
addUpdateDeleteFail.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>addUpdatedDeleteFail</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>addUpdateDeleteFail</p>
</body>
</html>
addUpdateDeleteSuccess.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>addUpdateDeleteSuccess</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="showAllServlet">查看所有用戶</a>
</body>
</html>
操作截圖
-
開啟Tomcat,運行login.jsp,展示首頁
-
輸入名字001與密碼123,登錄成功進入loginServlet,點擊查看所有用戶,顯示用戶信息
-
點擊刪除,若是刪除成功則返回所有用戶列表,否則返回addUpdateDelete.jsp(這里不展示刪除具體的例子)
-
在首頁點擊注冊,進入注冊頁面,注冊007,注冊完成會返回登錄頁面
遇到的問題以及解決方式
問題1
在showAll.jsp頁面中顯示了所有數據庫的數據,但是刪除或者更改其中的一個數據,再想返回修改數據之后的當前頁面,就會出現錯誤。
問題症結所在:jsp頁面回顯數據
分析:前端提交數據,主要有兩種方式。from表單與ajax異步提交。兩種方式都可以提交數據到后台。但是想讓后台數據返回當前頁面顯示的話,在不刷新整個頁面的前提下,就需要使用ajax,因為ajax可以實現異步刷新
解決方式:在此轉換了一個思路。刪除或者更新之后,先跳轉到addUpdateDeleteSuccess.jsp,這個jsp界面有個按鈕鏈接可以跳轉到showAll.jsp界面,然后再顯示所有用戶的信息(其實使用ajax解決也是ok的)
問題2:端口1099被占用
解決方式:
1) 在mac終端輸入lsof -i tcp:1099,查看是哪個進程占用1099
2) 知道是進程80049占用
輸入sudo kill -9 80049,即可解決問題
問題3:
java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
解決:
將數據庫連接的jar文件導入到工程的web/WEB-INF/lib中(查詢連接https://blog.csdn.net/mayuko2012/article/details/72971997)
問題4:com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLSyntaxErrorException: Unknown column...
分析:出現這個異常的很大可能性是 數據庫是沒有問題的!關鍵原因是:你從傳過來的參數是String類型的,我們在操作數據庫時String類型的參數必須要用' '把參數引起來才能傳遞並接收! 例如rs=stmt.executeQuery("select * from userinfo where userid = '"+ID+"'");ID是String類型,在進行數據庫操作時,千萬不要漏了兩邊的單引號,切記 !!!常錯點!!!
問題5:com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLSyntaxErrorException異常,
解決:一般都是自己的sql語句寫錯了(仔細查找錯誤)。
問題6:org.apache.jasper.JasperException: javax.el.ELException: Failed to parse the expression [${}]
分析:沒有jstl標簽庫
操作:在lib文件夾添加相關的jar。文章開頭已給出。
感想
- 報錯的信息,可以直接粘貼,google一下,很多問題都可以找得到答案。
- google問題時候,比較考驗自己的篩選能力。很多博文寫的真的是只有自己能看懂,所以我在找錯的時候花了很多的時間
- 有條件一定要FQgoogle,百度真的是會浪費你的時間。買個一年的服務器也就是百來十塊錢,但是自己的時間一定是可以節省很多的。
- 多上github,StackOverflow,多用google。
- 有一個bug我改了三天,都變佛系了。改了一天沒結果,我就第三天再繼續剛。
- 有個27寸的顯示器真的能讓你多坐在座位上打碼
- 初級選手的話,數據庫的表盡量設計得簡單,不然很麻煩
- 打碼更多需要的是耐心與堅持