React-Router
參考學習地址: https://reactrouter.com/web/guides/quick-start
// 5 的版本主要是針對 react Hook 做更好的支持
-
安裝
npm install react-router-dom --save -
路由的作用
單頁面應用(SPA),路由跳轉,切換顯示視圖
HashRouter與BrowserRouter區別
BrowserRouter:
原理是H5的history API,IE9及以下不兼容,需要由web server支持,在web client這邊window.location.pathname被react router解析,http://localhost:3000/home
HashRouter:
原理是URL的hash,不需要由web server支持,因為它的只有‘/’path需要由web server支持,而#/react/route URL不能被web server讀取,在web client這邊window,location.hash被react router解析,http://localhost:3000/home#/home
Home.jsx
import React from 'react';
export default class Home extends React.Component {
render() {
return <div>Home</div>;
}
}
Mine.jsx
import React from 'react';
export default class Mine extends React.Component {
render() {
return <div>Mine</div>;
}
}
App.jsx
import React from 'react';
import Home from './pages/Home';
import Mine from './pages/Mine';
// import { BrowserRouter as Router, Route } from 'react-router-dom';
import { HashRouter as Router, Route } from 'react-router-dom';
/**
* HashRouter: 錨點鏈接
* BrowserRouter: h5新特性 / history.push 如果上線之后,需要后台做一些處理:重定向處理 404bug
*/
function App() {
return (
<div className="App">
<Router>
<Route path="/home" component={Home}></Route>
<Route path="/mine" component={Mine}></Route>
</Router>
</div>
);
}
export default App;
Link跳轉
react-router里的Link標簽 和 a 標簽有什么區別??
從最終渲染的Dom來看,兩者都是鏈接,都是標簽,區別是:
Link標簽: 是react-router里實現路由跳轉的鏈接,一般配合使用,react-router 接管了其默認的鏈接跳轉行為,區別去傳統的頁面跳轉,的”跳轉”行為只會觸發相匹配的對應的頁面內容更新,而不會刷新整個頁面。 做了三件事情: 1.有onclick那就執行onclick 2.click的時候阻止a標簽默認事件 3.根據跳轉href(即是to ),用history(web前端路由兩種方式之一,history & hash)跳轉,此時只是鏈接變了,並沒有刷新頁面
a 標簽: 是普通的超鏈接了,用於從當前頁面跳轉到href指向的另一個頁面(非錨點情況)。
index.jsx
import React from 'react';
import { Link } from 'react-router-dom';
export default class Nav extends React.Component {
render() {
return (
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<Link to="/home">Home頁面(Link)</Link>
</li>
<li>
<Link to="/mine">Mine頁面(Link)</Link>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#/home">Home頁面(a)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#/mine">Mine頁面(a)</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
);
}
}
App.jsx
import React from 'react';
import Home from './pages/Home';
import Mine from './pages/Mine';
// import { BrowserRouter as Router, Route } from 'react-router-dom';
import { HashRouter as Router, Route } from 'react-router-dom';
import Nav from './components/Nav';
/**
* HashRouter: 秒點鏈接
* BrowserRouter: h5新特性 / history.push 如果上線之后,需要后台做一些處理:重定向處理 404bug
*/
function App() {
return (
<div className="App">
<Router>
<Nav></Nav>
<Route path="/home" component={Home}></Route>
<Route path="/mine" component={Mine}></Route>
</Router>
</div>
);
}
export default App;
exact匹配規則和strict精准匹配
exact屬性為true時路徑中的hash值必須和path完全一致才渲染對應的組件,如果為false則'/'也可以匹配'/xxx';(如果strict屬性為false,則末尾是否包含反斜杠結尾不影響匹配結果)
strict屬性主要就是匹配反斜杠,規定是否匹配末尾包含反斜杠的路徑,如果exact,strict為true,則path中不包含反斜杠結尾。(注意:這個要跟exact配合使用)
總結:如果沒有子路由的情況,建議大家配都加一個exact;如果有子路由,建議在子路由中加exact,父路由不加。
添加pages/UCenter.jsx
import React from 'react';
const UCenter = () => {
return <div>Hello UCenter</div>;
};
export default UCenter;
在components/Nav/index.jsx中引入Link
import React from 'react';
import { Link } from 'react-router-dom';
export default class Nav extends React.Component {
render() {
return (
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<Link to="/">Home頁面(Link)</Link>
</li>
<li>
<Link to="/mine">Mine頁面(Link)</Link>
</li>
<li>
<Link to="/mine/ucenter">UCenter頁面(Link)</Link>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#/home">Home頁面(a)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#/mine">Mine頁面(a)</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
);
}
}
App.js中引入UCenter組件
import React from 'react';
import Home from './pages/Home';
import Mine from './pages/Mine';
// import { BrowserRouter as Router, Route } from 'react-router-dom';
import { HashRouter as Router, Route } from 'react-router-dom';
import Nav from './components/Nav';
import UCenter from './pages/UCenter';
/**
* HashRouter: 秒點鏈接
* BrowserRouter: h5新特性 / history.push 如果上線之后,需要后台做一些處理:重定向處理 404bug
*/
/**
* /mine/ucenter 包含了 /mine
*/
function App() {
return (
<div className="App">
<Router>
<Nav></Nav>
<Route exact path="/" component={Home}></Route>
<Route
strict
exact={true}
path="/mine"
component={Mine}
></Route>
<Route
strict
exact
path="/mine/ucenter"
component={UCenter}
></Route>
</Router>
</div>
);
}
export default App;
404頁面和Switch
有
無
添加404頁面組件:/pages/NotFound.jsx
import React from 'react';
const NotFound = () => {
return <div>404頁面</div>;
};
export default NotFound;
App.js中引入NotFound組件
import React from 'react';
import Home from './pages/Home';
import Mine from './pages/Mine';
// import { BrowserRouter as Router, Route } from 'react-router-dom';
import { HashRouter as Router, Route, Switch } from 'react-router-dom';
import Nav from './components/Nav';
import UCenter from './pages/UCenter';
import NotFound from './pages/NotFound';
/**
* HashRouter: 秒點鏈接
* BrowserRouter: h5新特性 / history.push 如果上線之后,需要后台做一些處理:重定向處理 404bug
*/
/**
* /mine/ucenter 包含了 /mine
*/
function App() {
return (
<div className="App">
<Router>
<Nav></Nav>
<Switch>
<Route exact path="/" component={Home}></Route>
<Route
strict
exact={true}
path="/mine"
component={Mine}
></Route>
<Route
strict
exact
path="/mine/ucenter"
component={UCenter}
></Route>
<Route component={NotFound}></Route>
</Switch>
</Router>
</div>
);
}
export default App;
render func
新建一個組件pages/Demo.jsx
import React from 'react';
const Demo = (props) => {
console.log(props);
return <div>Demo: {props.name}</div>;
};
export default Demo;
App.js
import React from 'react';
import Home from './pages/Home';
import Mine from './pages/Mine';
// import { BrowserRouter as Router, Route } from 'react-router-dom';
import { HashRouter as Router, Route, Switch } from 'react-router-dom';
import Nav from './components/Nav';
import UCenter from './pages/UCenter';
import NotFound from './pages/NotFound';
import Demo from './pages/Demo';
/**
* HashRouter: 秒點鏈接
* BrowserRouter: h5新特性 / history.push 如果上線之后,需要后台做一些處理:重定向處理 404bug
*/
/**
* /mine/ucenter 包含了 /mine
*/
function App() {
return (
<div className="App">
<Router>
<Nav></Nav>
<Switch>
<Route exact path="/" component={Home}></Route>
<Route
strict
exact={true}
path="/mine"
component={Mine}
></Route>
<Route
strict
exact
path="/mine/ucenter"
component={UCenter}
></Route>
{/* <Route
path="/demo"
render={() => <div>Hello Demo</div>}
></Route> */}
<Route
path="/demo"
render={(props) => <Demo {...props} name="你好" />}
></Route>
<Route component={NotFound}></Route>
</Switch>
</Router>
</div>
);
}
export default App;
NavLink高亮
components/Nav/index.jsx
import React from 'react';
import { NavLink } from 'react-router-dom';
import './style.css';
export default class Nav extends React.Component {
render() {
return (
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<NavLink
activeClassName="selected"
activeStyle={{ color: 'green' }}
exact
to="/"
>
Home頁面(Link)
</NavLink>
</li>
<li>
<NavLink activeClassName="selected" exact to="/mine">
Mine頁面(Link)
</NavLink>
</li>
<li>
<NavLink
activeClassName="selected"
exact
to="/mine/ucenter"
>
UCenter頁面(Link)
</NavLink>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#/home">Home頁面(a)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#/mine">Mine頁面(a)</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
);
}
}
components/Nav/style.css
.selected{
color: red;
}
App.js
import React from 'react';
import Home from './pages/Home';
import Mine from './pages/Mine';
// import { BrowserRouter as Router, Route } from 'react-router-dom';
import { HashRouter as Router, Route, Switch } from 'react-router-dom';
import Nav from './components/Nav';
import UCenter from './pages/UCenter';
import NotFound from './pages/NotFound';
import Demo from './pages/Demo';
/**
* HashRouter: 秒點鏈接
* BrowserRouter: h5新特性 / history.push 如果上線之后,需要后台做一些處理:重定向處理 404bug
*/
/**
* /mine/ucenter 包含了 /mine
*/
function App() {
return (
<div className="App">
<Router>
<Nav></Nav>
<Switch>
<Route exact path="/" component={Home}></Route>
<Route
strict
exact={true}
path="/mine"
component={Mine}
></Route>
<Route
strict
exact
path="/mine/ucenter"
component={UCenter}
></Route>
{/* <Route
path="/demo"
render={() => <div>Hello Demo</div>}
></Route> */}
<Route
path="/demo"
render={(props) => <Demo {...props} name="你好" />}
></Route>
<Route component={NotFound}></Route>
</Switch>
</Router>
</div>
);
}
export default App;
Parameters
App.js
import React from 'react';
import Home from './pages/Home';
import Mine from './pages/Mine';
// import { BrowserRouter as Router, Route } from 'react-router-dom';
import { HashRouter as Router, Route, Switch } from 'react-router-dom';
import Nav from './components/Nav';
import UCenter from './pages/UCenter';
import NotFound from './pages/NotFound';
import Demo from './pages/Demo';
/**
* HashRouter: 秒點鏈接
* BrowserRouter: h5新特性 / history.push 如果上線之后,需要后台做一些處理:重定向處理 404bug
*/
/**
* /mine/ucenter 包含了 /mine
*/
function App() {
return (
<div className="App">
<Router>
<Nav></Nav>
<Switch>
<Route exact path="/" component={Home}></Route>
<Route
strict
exact={true}
path="/mine"
component={Mine}
></Route>
<Route
strict
exact
path="/mine/ucenter/:id?/:name?"
component={UCenter}
></Route>
{/* <Route
path="/demo"
render={() => <div>Hello Demo</div>}
></Route> */}
<Route
path="/demo"
render={(props) => <Demo {...props} name="你好" />}
></Route>
<Route component={NotFound}></Route>
</Switch>
</Router>
</div>
);
}
export default App;
components/Nav/index.jsx
import React from 'react';
import { NavLink } from 'react-router-dom';
import './style.css';
export default class Nav extends React.Component {
render() {
return (
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<NavLink
activeClassName="selected"
activeStyle={{ color: 'green' }}
exact
to="/"
>
Home頁面(Link)
</NavLink>
</li>
<li>
<NavLink activeClassName="selected" exact to="/mine">
Mine頁面(Link)
</NavLink>
</li>
<li>
<NavLink
activeClassName="selected"
exact
to="/mine/ucenter/1001/liang"
>
UCenter頁面(Link)
</NavLink>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#/home">Home頁面(a)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#/mine">Mine頁面(a)</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
);
}
}
pages/UCenter.jsx
import React from 'react';
const UCenter = (props) => {
return (
<div>
Hello UCenter: {props.match.params.id} - {props.match.params.name}
</div>
);
};
export default UCenter;
React-Router querystring讀取參數
另外一種傳參
pages/UCenter.jsx
import React from 'react';
import querystring from 'querystring';
const UCenter = (props) => {
const params = new URLSearchParams(props.location.search)
console.log(params);
console.log(params.get('name'));
const value = querystring.parse(props.location.search);
console.log(value);
return (
<div>
Hello UCenter: {props.match.params.id} - {props.match.params.name}
</div>
);
};
export default UCenter;
持續更新中......