使用 Java 語言編寫測試腳本測試App

本文轉載自查看原文 2021-01-26 15:59 383

1、Java+Appium 環境

https://www.jianshu.com/p/1b959e0baae2

2、識別與操作控件元素

找到\Sdk\tools\bin下的uiautomatorviewer.bat雙擊

點擊第一個圖標，識別文件屬性

driver.findElementBy?(屬性).sendKeys("數據")
driver.findElementBy?(屬性).clear()
driver.findElementBy?(屬性).click()
driver.findElementBy?(屬性).getText()

3、使用 Java 語言編寫測試腳本

public class Appium003 {
    //AppiumDriver含義，建立於Appium的連接
    AppiumDriver driver;
    
  @Test
  public void f() {
  }
  @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
@BeforeClass
  public void beforeClass() {
     //創建DesiredCapabilities對象
      //指定測試設備信息
      DesiredCapabilities devices = new DesiredCapabilities();
      //使用的移動設備或模擬器的種類，如 iPhone Simulator，iPad Simulator，Android Emulator，Galaxy S4 等
      devices.setCapability("deviceName", "emulator-5554");
//     指定使用哪個移動操作系統平台，如 iOS，Android 或 FirefoxOS
      devices.setCapability("platformName","Android");
 //指定移動操作系統版本
      devices.setCapability("platformVersion","11");
//      指定 app 程序包名，即被測程序名
      devices.setCapability("appPackage","com.example.calculate");
      devices.setCapability("appActivity","com.example.simplecalculate.MainActivity");
    //A new session could not be created的解決方法
      devices.setCapability("appWaitActivity","com.example.simplecalculate.MainActivity");
      //每次啟動時覆蓋session，否則第二次后運行會報錯不能新建session
      devices.setCapability("sessionOverride", true);
      //啟動 App
      try {
        driver = new AndroidDriver(new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"),devices);        driver.findElementById("com.example.calculate:id/guide_button_close").click();
      } catch (MalformedURLException e) {

        e.printStackTrace();
    }
            
  }

  @AfterClass
  public void afterClass() {
    
      driver.quit();
  }

}


@Listeners({TestReport.class})
public class Appium0202 {
    //AppiumDriver含義，建立於Appium的連接
//    AppiumDriver driver;
    AndroidDriver driver;
  @Test
  public void f() {
     /***
      * 方式一，數字是一次一次點擊的輸入
      * *****/
      System.out.println("進入-----------------------------------");
      driver.findElementById("android:id/button1").click();
      
      driver.findElementById("com.android.calculator2:id/digit2").click();
      driver.findElementById("com.android.calculator2:id/digit0").click();
      
      driver.findElementById("com.android.calculator2:id/plus").click();
      driver.findElementById("com.android.calculator2:id/digit2").click();
      driver.findElementById("com.android.calculator2:id/digit0").click();
      driver.findElementById("com.android.calculator2:id/equal").click();
    
      String result=driver.findElementByClassName("android.widget.EditText").getText();
      System.out.println(result);

      //斷言
      Boolean res=result.contains("40");
      Assert.assertTrue(res);
      
      /****
 * 方式二:數字采用循環輸入的方式
       * 
       * ****/
      //清除結果框里面的內容
      driver.findElementByClassName("android.widget.EditText").clear();
      
      String  numberA = "234";
      String  numberB = "432";
      String  plus = "plus"; 
      String  equal = "equal";
      for(int i=0;i<numberA.length();i++) {
          driver.findElementById("com.android.calculator2:id/digit"+numberA.charAt(i)).click();
      }
      
      driver.findElementById("com.android.calculator2:id/"+plus).click();
      
      for(int i=0;i<numberB.length();i++) {
          driver.findElementById("com.android.calculator2:id/digit"+numberB.charAt(i)).click();
      }      
      driver.findElementById("com.android.calculator2:id/"+equal).click();  
      
      result=driver.findElementByClassName("android.widget.EditText").getText();
      System.out.println("第二次的結果=="+result);
      Assert.assertEquals(result, "666");
      
      /***
       * 方法三：利用數組的方式，設計用例,詳情見   Appium0203
       * ***/
  }
  
  @BeforeClass
  public void beforeClass() {
     //創建DesiredCapabilities對象
      //指定測試設備信息
      DesiredCapabilities devices = new DesiredCapabilities();
      //使用的移動設備或模擬器的種類，如 iPhone Simulator，iPad Simulator，Android Emulator，Galaxy S4 等
      devices.setCapability("deviceName", "emulator-5554");
//     指定使用哪個移動操作系統平台，如 iOS，Android 或 FirefoxOS
      devices.setCapability("platformName","Android");
 //指定移動操作系統版本
      devices.setCapability("platformVersion","11");
//      指定 app 程序包名，即被測程序名
      devices.setCapability("appPackage","com.android.calculator2");
      devices.setCapability("appActivity","com.android.calculator2.Calculator");
    //A new session could not be created的解決方法
      devices.setCapability("appWaitActivity","com.android.calculator2.Calculator");
      //每次啟動時覆蓋session，否則第二次后運行會報錯不能新建session
      devices.setCapability("sessionOverride", true);
      //啟動 App
      try {
        driver = new AndroidDriver(new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"),devices);
    } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
        // TODO Auto-generated catch block
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
              
  }

  @AfterClass
  public void afterClass() {
      driver.quit();
  }

}

方法三：利用數組的方式，設計用例

public class Appium0203 {

    AndroidDriver driver;
    
  @Test(dataProvider = "getData")
  public void f(String number01,String operator,String number02,String expected) {
      /***
       * 方法三：利用數組的方式，設計用例
       * ***/
      System.out.println("進入-----------------------------------");
      
      //數字一
      for(int i=0;i<number01.length();i++) {
          driver.findElementById("com.android.calculator2:id/digit"+number01.charAt(i)).click();
      }
      //運算符號
      String hao="";
      switch (operator) {
    case "+": 
        hao="plus";
        break;
    case "-":
        hao="minus";
        break;
    case "*":
        hao="mul";
        break;
    case "/":
        hao="div";
        break;    
    default:
         hao="plus";
        break;
    }
      driver.findElementById("com.android.calculator2:id/"+hao).click();
      //數字二
      for(int i=0;i<number02.length();i++) {
          driver.findElementById("com.android.calculator2:id/digit"+number02.charAt(i)).click();
      }
      //點擊=
      driver.findElementById("com.android.calculator2:id/equal").click();
    
      
      String result = driver.findElementByClassName("android.widget.EditText").getText();
      Assert.assertEquals(result, expected);
      //輸出結果 
      System.out.println("結果=="+result);
      //driver.findElementById("com.android.calculator2:id/del").click();
  }
  
  @DataProvider
  public Object[][] getData(){
      Object data[][] = {{"234","+","432","666"},{"999","-","333","666"},{"2","*","88","176"}};
      return data;
  }
  
  
  @BeforeClass
  public void beforeClass() {
     //創建DesiredCapabilities對象
      //指定測試設備信息
      DesiredCapabilities devices = new DesiredCapabilities();
      //使用的移動設備或模擬器的種類，如 iPhone Simulator，iPad Simulator，Android Emulator，Galaxy S4 等
      devices.setCapability("deviceName", "emulator-5554");
//     指定使用哪個移動操作系統平台，如 iOS，Android 或 FirefoxOS
      devices.setCapability("platformName","Android");
 //指定移動操作系統版本
      devices.setCapability("platformVersion","11");
//      指定 app 程序包名，即被測程序名
      devices.setCapability("appPackage","com.android.calculator2");
      devices.setCapability("appActivity","com.android.calculator2.Calculator");
    //A new session could not be created的解決方法
      devices.setCapability("appWaitActivity","com.android.calculator2.Calculator");
      //每次啟動時覆蓋session，否則第二次后運行會報錯不能新建session
      devices.setCapability("sessionOverride", true);
      //啟動 App
      try {
        driver = new AndroidDriver(new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"),devices);
        driver.findElementById("android:id/button1").click();
    } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
        // TODO Auto-generated catch block
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
      
  }

  @AfterClass
  public void afterClass() {
      driver.quit();
  }

}

 方法四：讀取外部文件中的測試數據


@Listeners({TestReport.class})
public class Appium0204 {
    //AppiumDriver含義，建立於Appium的連接
//    AppiumDriver driver;
    AndroidDriver driver;
    
  @Test(dataProvider = "getData")
  public void f(String number01,String operator,String number02,String expected) {
      /***
       * 方法四：讀取外部文件中的測試數據
       * ***/
      System.out.println("進入-----------------------------------");
      
    //數字一
      for(int i=0;i<number01.length();i++) {
          driver.findElementById("com.android.calculator2:id/digit"+number01.charAt(i)).click();
      }
      //運算符號
      String hao="";
      switch (operator) {
    case "+": 
        hao="plus";
        break;
    case "-":
        hao="minus";
        break;
    case "*":
        hao="mul";
        break;
    case "/":
        hao="div";
        break;    
    default:
         hao="plus";
        break;
    }
      driver.findElementById("com.android.calculator2:id/"+hao).click();
      //數字二
      for(int i=0;i<number02.length();i++) {
          driver.findElementById("com.android.calculator2:id/digit"+number02.charAt(i)).click();
      }
      //點擊=
      driver.findElementById("com.android.calculator2:id/equal").click();
    
      
      String result = driver.findElementByClassName("android.widget.EditText").getText();
      Assert.assertEquals(result, expected);
      //輸出結果 
      System.out.println("結果=="+result);
      
  }
  
  @DataProvider
  public Object[][] getData() throws Exception{
      List<String[]> rows = new ArrayList<String[]>();
     //讀取文件數據
      File file = new File("e:\\calc.txt");
      FileReader bytes = new FileReader(file);
      BufferedReader chars  = new BufferedReader(bytes);
      String row = null;
      while((row = chars.readLine())!=null) {
          String cols[] = row.split("\t");
          rows.add(cols);
      }
      bytes.close();
      Object[][] data = new Object[rows.size()][];
      for(int i=0;i<rows.size();i++) {
          data[i] = rows.get(i);
      }
      return data;
  }
  
  
  @BeforeClass
  public void beforeClass() {
     //創建DesiredCapabilities對象
      //指定測試設備信息
      DesiredCapabilities devices = new DesiredCapabilities();
      //使用的移動設備或模擬器的種類，如 iPhone Simulator，iPad Simulator，Android Emulator，Galaxy S4 等
      devices.setCapability("deviceName", "emulator-5554");
//     指定使用哪個移動操作系統平台，如 iOS，Android 或 FirefoxOS
      devices.setCapability("platformName","Android");
 //指定移動操作系統版本
      devices.setCapability("platformVersion","11");
//      指定 app 程序包名，即被測程序名
      devices.setCapability("appPackage","com.android.calculator2");
      devices.setCapability("appActivity","com.android.calculator2.Calculator");
    //A new session could not be created的解決方法
      devices.setCapability("appWaitActivity","com.android.calculator2.Calculator");
      //每次啟動時覆蓋session，否則第二次后運行會報錯不能新建session
      devices.setCapability("sessionOverride", true);
      //啟動 App
      try {
        driver = new AndroidDriver(new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"),devices);
        driver.findElementById("android:id/button1").click();
    } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
        // TODO Auto-generated catch block
        e.printStackTrace();
    }        
      
  }

  @AfterClass
  public void afterClass() {
      driver.quit();
  }

}

輸出測試報告

測試報告默認存儲位置： Java 項目名\test-output

測試類中添加監聽器@Listeners({TestReport.class})即可

如

@Listeners({TestReport.class})
public class Appium0204 {

TestReport.java

package com01;    //修改為正確的包名
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Date;
import org.testng.ITestContext;
import org.testng.ITestResult;
import org.testng.TestListenerAdapter;
 
public class TestReport extends TestListenerAdapter{
    private String reportPath;
 
    @Override
    public void onStart(ITestContext context) {
        File htmlReportDir = new File("test-output");
        if (!htmlReportDir.exists()) {
            htmlReportDir.mkdirs();
        }
        String reportName = formateDate()+"_result.html";
        reportPath = htmlReportDir+"/"+reportName;
        File report = new File(htmlReportDir,reportName);
        if(report.exists()){
            try {
                report.createNewFile();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("<html><head><meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />"
                + "<title>自動化測試報告</title></head><body style=\"background-color:#99FFCC;\">"
                + "<div id=\"top\" align=\"center\"><p style=\"font-weight:bold;\">測試用例運行結果列表</p>"            
                + "<table width=\"90%\" height=\"80\" border=\"1\" align=\"center\" cellspacing=\"0\" rules=\"all\" style=\"table-layout:relative;\">"
                + "<thead>"
                + "<tr>"
                + "<th>測試用例名</th>"
                + "<th>測試用例結果</th>"
                + "</tr>"
                + "</thead>"
                + "<tbody style=\"word-wrap:break-word;font-weight:bold;\" align=\"center\">");
        String res = sb.toString();
        try {  
            Files.write((Paths.get(reportPath)),res.getBytes("utf-8"));  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } 
    }
    
    @Override
    public void onTestSuccess(ITestResult result) {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("<tr><td>");
        sb.append(result.getMethod().getRealClass()+"."+result.getMethod().getMethodName());
        sb.append("</td><td><font color=\"green\">Passed</font></td></tr>");
        String res = sb.toString();
        try {
            Files.write((Paths.get(reportPath)),res.getBytes("utf-8"),StandardOpenOption.APPEND);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
 
    @Override
    public void onTestSkipped(ITestResult result) {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("<tr><td>");
        sb.append(result.getMethod().getRealClass()+"."+result.getMethod().getMethodName());
        sb.append("</td><td><font color=\"yellow\">Skipped</font>");
        sb.append("<p align=\"left\">測試用例<font color=\"red\">跳過</font>，原因：<br>");
        sb.append("<br><a style=\"background-color:#CCCCCC;\">");
        Throwable throwable = result.getThrowable(); 
                sb.append(throwable.getMessage()); 
                sb.append("</a></p></td></tr>");
        String res = sb.toString();
        try {
            Files.write((Paths.get(reportPath)),res.getBytes("utf-8"),StandardOpenOption.APPEND);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
    @Override
    public void onTestFailure(ITestResult result) {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("<tr><td>");
        sb.append(result.getMethod().getRealClass()+"."+result.getMethod().getMethodName());
        sb.append("</td><td><font color=\"red\">Failed</font><br>");
        sb.append("<p align=\"left\">測試用例執行<font color=\"red\">失敗</font>，原因：<br>");
        sb.append("<br><a style=\"background-color:#CCCCCC;\">");
        Throwable throwable = result.getThrowable();
        sb.append(throwable.getMessage());
        sb.append("</a></p></td></tr>");
        String res = sb.toString();
        try {
            Files.write((Paths.get(reportPath)),res.getBytes("utf-8"),StandardOpenOption.APPEND);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
 
    @Override
    public void onFinish(ITestContext testContext) {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("</tbody></table><a href=\"#top\">返回頂部</a></div></body>");
        sb.append("</html>");
        String msg = sb.toString();
        try {
            Files.write((Paths.get(reportPath)),msg.getBytes("utf-8"),StandardOpenOption.APPEND);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
 
    public static String formateDate(){
        SimpleDateFormat sf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd HHmmss");
        Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
        Date date = cal.getTime();
        return sf.format(date);
    }
}

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斷言

1 、Assert.assertTrue(boolean型結果)

Ø 寫法類似於正則表達式，使用更方便。

Ø Boolean rs=driver.findElementById(…).getText().contains();

Ø Assert.assertTrue(rs);

2、 Assert.assertEquals(實際結果，預期結果)

Ø 用於測試期望結果的斷言，即測試兩個對象是否相等。

Ø Stringactual=實際結果;

Ø Stringexpected=預期結果;

Ø Assert.assertEquals(actual, expected);

ü Stringres=driver.findElementByClassName("android.widget.EditText").getText();

ü Assert.assertEquals(res，"3");

模擬按鍵

8    模擬按鍵

    driver.pressKeyCode(keycode)
    必須使用 AmdroidDriver
    基本
    KEYCODE_0 按鍵'0' 7
 
    KEYCODE_1 按鍵'1' 8
    KEYCODE_2 按鍵'2' 9
    KEYCODE_3 按鍵'3' 10
    KEYCODE_4 按鍵'4' 11
    KEYCODE_5 按鍵'5' 12
    KEYCODE_6 按鍵'6' 13
    KEYCODE_7 按鍵'7' 14
    KEYCODE_8 按鍵'8' 15
    KEYCODE_9 按鍵'9' 16
    KEYCODE_A 按鍵'A' 29
    KEYCODE_B 按鍵'B' 30
    KEYCODE_C 按鍵'C' 31
    KEYCODE_D 按鍵'D' 32
    KEYCODE_E 按鍵'E' 33
    KEYCODE_F 按鍵'F' 34
    KEYCODE_G 按鍵'G' 35
    KEYCODE_H 按鍵'H' 36
    KEYCODE_I 按鍵'I' 37
    KEYCODE_J 按鍵'J' 38
    KEYCODE_K 按鍵'K' 39
    KEYCODE_L 按鍵'L' 40
    KEYCODE_M 按鍵'M' 41
    KEYCODE_N 按鍵'N' 42
    KEYCODE_O 按鍵'O' 43
    KEYCODE_P 按鍵'P' 44
    KEYCODE_Q 按鍵'Q' 45
    KEYCODE_R 按鍵'R' 46
    KEYCODE_S 按鍵'S' 47
    KEYCODE_T 按鍵'T' 48
    KEYCODE_U 按鍵'U' 49
    KEYCODE_V 按鍵'V' 50
    KEYCODE_W 按鍵'W' 51
    KEYCODE_X 按鍵'X' 52
    KEYCODE_Y 按鍵'Y' 53
    KEYCODE_Z 按鍵'Z' 54
    功能鍵
    KEYCODE_CALL 撥號鍵 5
    KEYCODE_ENDCALL 掛機鍵 6
    KEYCODE_HOME 按鍵 Home 3
    KEYCODE_MENU 菜單鍵 82
    KEYCODE_BACK 返回鍵 4
    KEYCODE_SEARCH 搜索鍵 84
    KEYCODE_CAMERA 拍照鍵 27
    KEYCODE_FOCUS 拍照對焦鍵 80
 
    KEYCODE_POWER 電源鍵 26
    KEYCODE_NOTIFICATION 通知鍵 83
    KEYCODE_MUTE 話筒靜音鍵 91
    KEYCODE_VOLUME_MUTE 揚聲器靜音鍵 164
    KEYCODE_VOLUME_UP 音量增加鍵 24
    KEYCODE_VOLUME_DOWN 音量減小鍵 25
    控制鍵
    KEYCODE_ENTER 回車鍵 66
    KEYCODE_ESCAPE ESC 鍵 111
    KEYCODE_DPAD_CENTER 導航鍵 確定鍵 23
    KEYCODE_DPAD_UP 導航鍵 向上 19
    KEYCODE_DPAD_DOWN 導航鍵 向下 20
    KEYCODE_DPAD_LEFT 導航鍵 向左 21
    KEYCODE_DPAD_RIGHT 導航鍵 向右 22
    KEYCODE_MOVE_HOME 光標移動到開始鍵 122
    KEYCODE_MOVE_END 光標移動到末尾鍵 123
    KEYCODE_PAGE_UP 向上翻頁鍵 92
    KEYCODE_PAGE_DOWN 向下翻頁鍵 93
    KEYCODE_DEL 退格鍵 67
    KEYCODE_FORWARD_DEL 刪除鍵 112
    KEYCODE_INSERT 插入鍵 124
    KEYCODE_TAB Tab 鍵 61
    KEYCODE_NUM_LOCK 小鍵盤鎖 143
    KEYCODE_CAPS_LOCK 大寫鎖定鍵 115
    KEYCODE_BREAK Break/Pause 鍵 121
    KEYCODE_SCROLL_LOCK 滾動鎖定鍵 116
    KEYCODE_ZOOM_IN 放大鍵 168
    KEYCODE_ZOOM_OUT 縮小鍵 169
    組合鍵
    KEYCODE_ALT_LEFT Alt+Left
    KEYCODE_ALT_RIGHT Alt+Right
    KEYCODE_CTRL_LEFT Control+Left
    KEYCODE_CTRL_RIGHT Control+Right
    KEYCODE_SHIFT_LEFT Shift+Left
    KEYCODE_SHIFT_RIGHT Shift+Right

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