Django 小實例S1 簡易學生選課管理系統 第10節——老師課程業務實現
點擊查看教程總目錄
作者自我介紹：b站小UP主，時常直播編程+紅警三，python1對1輔導老師。
課程模塊中，老師將要使用到的功能有：
- 創建課程
- 添加、刪除課程時刻表
- 查看課程列表
- 操作課程：修改狀態，給學生打分
這里一個一個實現
首先，在course/views.py中將課程的模型類全部導入，以便后面使用
from .models import Course, Schedule, StudentCourse
1 - 創建課程
首先需要實現的是創建課程的表單，
新建course/forms.py如下
from django import forms
from .models import Course, Schedule, StudentCourse
class CourseForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Course
exclude = ['status', 'teacher']
同時對於新建課程的請求，在constants.py中添加一個非法請求的響應如下
INVALID_REQUEST_METHOD = "Invalid request method."
新建對應模板templates/course/teacher/create_course.html如下
{% extends "course/nav.html" %}
{% block title %}創建課程{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<h3>創建課程</h3>
<div class="form create-update-from">
<form method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{{form.as_p}}
<div class="submit-button">
<input type="submit" value="創建"/>
<input type="button" value="返回" onclick='window.open("{% url 'course' "teacher"%}")' />
</div>
</form>
</div>
{% endblock %}
再在course/views.py中導入CourseForm類和INVALID_REQUEST_METHOD常量，然后添加代碼如下
def create_course(request):
user = get_user(request, "teacher")
if not user:
return redirect(reverse("login", kwargs={"kind": "teacher"}))
info = {
"name": user.name,
"kind": "teacher",
}
if request.method == 'POST':
form = CourseForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
obj = form.save(commit=False)
obj.status = 1
obj.teacher = user
obj.save()
return redirect(reverse("course", kwargs={"kind": "teacher"}))
elif request.method == 'GET':
form = CourseForm()
else:
return HttpResponse(INVALID_REQUEST_METHOD)
return render(request, 'course/teacher/create_course.html', {'info': info, 'form': form})
2 - 添加、刪除課程時刻表
先需要實現的是添加課程時刻表的表單，
在course/forms.py中添加代碼如下
class ScheduleForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Schedule
exclude = ["course"]
新建對應模板templates/course/teacher/create_schedule.html如下
{% extends "course/nav.html" %}
{% block title %}創建時刻表{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<h3>創建時刻表: [{{ course.id }}] {{ course.name }}</h3>
<div class="form create-update-from">
<form method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{{form.as_p}}
<div class="submit-button">
<input type="submit" value="創建"/>
<input type="button" value="返回" onclick='window.open("{% url 'view_detail' course.id%}")' />
</div>
</form>
</div>
{% endblock %}
在course/views.py中導入這個表單，
然后添加代碼如下
def create_schedule(request, course_id):
user = get_user(request, "teacher")
if not user:
return redirect(reverse("login", kwargs={"kind": "teacher"}))
info = {
"name": user.name,
"kind": "teacher",
}
course = Course.objects.get(pk=course_id)
if request.method == 'POST':
form = ScheduleForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
obj = form.save(commit=False)
obj.course = course
obj.save()
return redirect(reverse("view_detail", kwargs={"course_id": course_id}))
elif request.method == 'GET':
form = ScheduleForm()
else:
return HttpResponse(INVALID_REQUEST_METHOD)
return render(request, 'course/teacher/create_schedule.html', {'info': info, 'form': form, "course": course})
def delete_schedule(request, schedule_id):
user = get_user(request, "teacher")
if not user:
return redirect(reverse("login", kwargs={"kind": "teacher"}))
schedule = Schedule.objects.get(pk=schedule_id)
course_id = request.GET.get("course_id") or schedule.course.id
schedule.delete()
return redirect(reverse("view_detail", kwargs={"course_id": course_id}))
3 查看課程列表
在本項目中，老師和學生的個人主頁就是其課程主頁，將展示其所有課程列表。
為老師的課程主頁添加模板templates/course/teacher/home.html如下
{% extends "course/nav.html" %}
{% block title %}HomePage{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<div class="main-container">
<div class="main-bar">
<form class="search-form" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<input class="input" id="search-key" type="text" name="search" {% if search_key != None %}value="{{ search_key }}" {% endif %}/>
<input class="button" type="submit" value="搜索課程" />
</form>
<input class="button right-button" type="button" value="創建課程" onclick='window.open("{% url 'create_course' %}")' />
</div>
<table class="item-list course-list">
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="course-no">課程編號</th>
<th class="course-name">名稱</th>
<th class="course-credit">學分</th>
<th class="course-number">當前人數<br>/總人數</th>
<th class="course-year">年份</th>
<th class="course-semester">學期</th>
<th class="course-status">狀態</th>
<th class="course-operation">操作</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for course in course_list %}
<tr id="course-id-{{ course.id }}">
<td class="course-no">{{ course.id }}</td>
<td class="course-name">{{ course.name }}</td>
<td class="course-credit">{{ course.credit }}</td>
<td class="course-number">{{ course.get_current_count }}/{{ course.max_number }}</td>
<td class="course-year">{{ course.year }}</td>
<td class="course-semester">{{ course.get_semester_display }}</td>
<td class="course-status">{{ course.get_status_text }}</td>
<td class="course-operation">
{% if course.status < 4 %}
<input class="button right-button" type="button" value="{{ course.get_op_text }}"
onclick='location.href="{% url 'handle_course' course.id course.status %}"' />
{% endif %}
{% if course.status == 4 %}
{# 結課后給分 #}
<input class="button right-button" type="button" value="{{ course.get_op_text }}"
onclick='location.href="{% url 'view_detail' course.id %}"' />
{% else %}
<input class="button right-button" type="button" value="查看詳情"
onclick='location.href="{% url 'view_detail' course.id %}"' />
{% endif %}
</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
{% endblock %}
查看課程列表要寫在老師的主頁視圖中
即修改course/views.py中的teacher_home如下
def teacher_home(request):
user = get_user(request, "teacher")
if not user:
return redirect(reverse("login", kwargs={"kind": "teacher"}))
info = {
"name": user.name,
"kind": "teacher",
}
is_search = False
search_key = ""
if request.method == "POST":
search_key = request.POST.get("search")
if search_key:
is_search = True
context = {"info": info}
q = Q(teacher=user)
if is_search:
q = q & Q(name__icontains=search_key)
context["search_key"] = search_key
context["course_list"] = Course.objects.filter(q).order_by('status')
return render(request, 'course/teacher/home.html', context)
里面使用了django.db.models.Q類，所以要在開頭添加代碼from django.db.models import Q導入這個類
補充說明：這里面還實現了一個搜索框，能夠根據關鍵詞去搜索課程。
為了不使用js，搜索框的信息是通過post表單信息來提交的。
4 操作課程
老師在課程主頁，可以進行常規的課程狀態修改：
開始選課，結束選課，結課。
而打分則需要在課程詳情頁去給。
所以這里一方面要實現一個課程主頁的操作視圖，
也要實現一個課程詳情頁視圖，打分在本文第五部分去做。
先添加一個課程詳情頁的模板文件templates/course/teacher/course.html如下：
{% extends "course/nav.html" %}
{% block title %}課程詳情{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<h3>課程詳情<input class="button right-button" type="button" value="返回主頁"
onclick='window.open("{% url 'course' 'teacher'%}")'/></h3>
<table class="item-list detail-list">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>課程編號</th>
<th>名稱</th>
<th>學分</th>
<th>當前人數/總人數</th>
<th>年份</th>
<th>學期</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>{{ course.id }}</td>
<td>{{ course.name }}</td>
<td>{{ course.credit }}</td>
<td>{{ course.get_current_count }}/{{ course.max_number }}</td>
<td>{{ course.year }}</td>
<td>{{ course.get_semester_display }}</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3>上課時間<input class="button right-button" type="button" value="添加時間表" onclick='window.open("{% url 'create_schedule' course.id%}")'/></h3>
<table class="item-list schedule-list">
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="schedule-no">編號</th>
<th class="schedule-no">詳情</th>
<th class="schedule-no">操作</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for schedule in schedules %}
<tr>
<td>{{ schedule.id }}</td>
<td>{{ schedule }}</td>
<td>
<input class="button" type="button" value="刪除"
onclick='window.open("{% url 'delete_schedule' schedule.id%}?course_id={{ course.id }}")'/>
</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
<h3>學生列表
{% if course.status == 4 %}
<input class="button right-button" type="button" value="給分完成" onclick='location.href="{% url 'handle_course' course.id 4%}"' />
{% endif %}
</h3>
<table class="item-list student-list">
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="student-no">學生學號</th>
<th class="student-name">學生姓名</th>
<th class="student-email">學生郵箱</th>
<th class="student-score">得分</th>
<th class="student-comments">評價</th>
<th class="operation">操作</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for cs in course_students %}
<tr>
<td>{{ cs.student.get_id}}</td>
<td>{{ cs.student.name }}</td>
<td>{{ cs.student.email }}</td>
<td>
{% if cs.scores == None %}-{% endif %}
{% if cs.scores != None %}{{ cs.scores }}{% endif %}
</td>
<td>
{% if cs.scores == None %}-{% endif %}
{% if cs.scores != None %}{{ cs.comments }}{% endif %}
</td>
<td class="operation">
{% if course.status == 4 %}
{% if cs.scores == None %}
<input class="button right-button" type="button" value="給分"
onclick='location.href="{% url 'score' cs.id%}"' />
{% else %}
<input class="button right-button" type="button" value="修改成績"
onclick='location.href="{% url 'score' cs.id%}?update=1"' />
{% endif %}
{% else %}
-
{% endif %}
</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
{% if course.status == 5 %}
<h3>學生評價</h3>
<table class="item-list student-list">
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="student-score">學生評分</th>
<th class="student-comments">學生評價</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for cs in sorted_course_students %}
{% if cs.rating != None %}
<tr>
<td>{{ cs.rating }}</td>
<td>{{ cs.assessment }}</td>
</tr>
{% endif %}
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
{% endif %}
{% endblock %}
在course/views.py中添加代碼如下
def handle_course(request, course_id, handle_kind):
"""
:param request:
:param course_id:
:param handle_kind:
1: "開始選課",
2: "結束選課",
3: "結課",
4: "給分完成"
:return:
"""
user = get_user(request, "teacher")
if not user:
return redirect(reverse("login", kwargs={"kind": "teacher"}))
info = {
"name": user.name,
"kind": "teacher",
}
course = Course.objects.get(pk=course_id)
if course.status == handle_kind and course.status < 5:
if course.status == 4:
scs = StudentCourse.objects.filter(course=course)
all_given = True
res = ""
for sc in scs:
if sc.scores is None:
all_given = False
res += "<div>%s 未打分</div>" % sc.student
if all_given:
course.status += 1
course.save()
return redirect(reverse("view_detail", kwargs={"course_id": course.id}))
else:
return HttpResponse(res)
else:
course.status += 1
course.save()
course_list = Course.objects.filter(teacher=user)
return render(request, 'course/teacher/home.html', {'info': info, 'course_list': course_list})
def view_detail(request, course_id):
user = get_user(request, "teacher")
if not user:
return redirect(reverse("login", kwargs={"kind": "teacher"}))
info = {
"name": user.name,
"kind": "teacher",
}
course = Course.objects.get(pk=course_id)
c_stu_list = StudentCourse.objects.filter(course=course)
sche_list = Schedule.objects.filter(course=course)
context = {
"info": info,
"course": course,
"course_students": c_stu_list,
"schedules": sche_list
}
if course.status == 5:
sorted_cs_list = sorted(c_stu_list, key=lambda cs: cs.scores)
context["sorted_course_students"] = sorted_cs_list
return render(request, "course/teacher/course.html", context)
5 打分
學生的分數是記錄在學生課程關系表中的，
在學生選課成功后會新建一條對應的數據。
給分，則是修改其中的分數字段，即對學生課程表模型進行更新。
這里我們首選CBVs中的UpdateView,
不過要先給這個視圖建立一個表單，在course/forms.py中添加代碼如下
class ScoreForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = StudentCourse
fields = ["student", "course", "scores", "comments"]
student = forms.CharField(label="學生", disabled=True)
# course = forms.CharField(widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'readonly': 'readonly'}))
course = forms.CharField(label="課程", disabled=True)
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.initial['student'] = self.instance.student
self.initial['course'] = self.instance.course
def clean_student(self):
return self.initial['student']
def clean_course(self):
return self.initial['course']
新建course/cbvs.py如下：
from django.views.generic.edit import DeleteView, CreateView, UpdateView
from django.views.generic.detail import DetailView
from django.shortcuts import render, reverse, redirect
# Relative import of GeeksModel
from .models import Schedule, StudentCourse
from .forms import ScoreForm
class ScoreUpdateView(UpdateView):
model = StudentCourse
form_class = ScoreForm
template_name = 'course/teacher/score.html'
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
self.object = self.get_object()
title = "給分"
if request.GET.get("update"):
title = "修改成績"
info = {}
return_url = reverse("course", kwargs={"kind": "teacher"})
if self.object:
teacher = self.object.course.teacher
info = {
"name": teacher.name,
"kind": "teacher",
}
return_url = reverse("view_detail", kwargs={"course_id": self.object.course.id})
return self.render_to_response(self.get_context_data(info=info, title=title, return_url=return_url))
def get_success_url(self):
if self.object:
return reverse("view_detail", kwargs={"course_id": self.object.course.id})
else:
return reverse("course", kwargs={"kind": "teacher"})
同時補上其對應的模板文件templates/course/teacher/score.html如下
{% extends "course/nav.html" %}
{% block title %}{{ title }}{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<h3>{{ title }}</h3>
<div class="form create-update-from">
<form method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{{form.as_p}}
<div class="submit-button">
<input type="submit" value="確定"/>
<input type="button" value="返回" onclick='location.href="{{ return_url }}"' />
</div>
</form>
</div>
{% endblock %}
5 添加url
上面已經把老師需要的視圖方法全部實現完畢了，接下來就是添加到路由里面。
修改后的course/urls.py如下
from django.urls import path
from course.views import *
from course.cbvs import ScoreUpdateView
urlpatterns = [
path('<slug:kind>/', home, name="course"),
path('<slug:kind>/', home, name="course"),
path('teacher/create_course', create_course, name="create_course"),
path('teacher/view_detail/<int:course_id>', view_detail, name="view_detail"),
path('teacher/create_schedule/<int:course_id>', create_schedule, name="create_schedule"),
path('teacher/delete_schedule/<int:schedule_id>', delete_schedule, name="delete_schedule"),
path('teacher/score/<int:pk>', ScoreUpdateView.as_view(), name="score"),
path('teacher/handle_course/<int:course_id>/<int:handle_kind>', handle_course, name="handle_course"),
]
6 效果
創建課程頁面：
教師主頁：
教師課程詳情頁：
添加課程時刻表頁面：
