前言
上一節我們介紹了登錄窗體的GUI設計與功能實現,用戶的賬號和密碼校驗完成后應當跳轉到主窗體內容,這一節我們將具體介紹主窗體界面的設計與功能實現!
一、基礎界面設計
我們新建一個900x640的窗口,頂部加入圖片,下面主體部分創建兩個Panedwindow容器,左邊添加按鈕,右邊作為TreeView顯示界面;
from tkinter import *
from tkinter.ttk import *
import os
class MainWindow(Tk):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.title("主窗體")
self.geometry("900x640+180+80")
self.resizable(0,0)
self["bg"]="skyblue"
# 加載gui
self.setup_UI()
def setup_UI(self):
# 設定Style
self.Style01 = Style()
self.Style01.configure("left.TPanedwindow",background = "navy")
self.Style01.configure("right.TPanedwindow", background="skyblue")
self.Style01.configure("TButton",width = 10,font = ("華文黑體",15,"bold"))
# Top_banner
self.Login_image = PhotoImage(file = "."+os.sep+"img"+os.sep+"stu_main_top_banner.png")
self.Lable_image = Label(self,image = self.Login_image)
self.Lable_image.pack()
# 左邊:按鈕區域,創建一個容器
self.Pane_left = PanedWindow(width = 200,height = 540,style = "left.TPanedwindow")
self.Pane_left.place(x = 4,y = 94)
self.Pane_right = PanedWindow(width=685, height=540,style = "right.TPanedwindow")
self.Pane_right.place(x = 210,y = 94)
# 添加左邊按鈕
self.Button_add = Button(self.Pane_left,text = "添加學生",style = "TButton")
self.Button_add.place(x = 40,y = 20)
self.Button_update = Button(self.Pane_left, text="修改學生", style="TButton")
self.Button_update.place(x=40, y=45)
self.Button_delete = Button(self.Pane_left, text="刪除學生", style="TButton")
self.Button_delete.place(x=40, y=70)
self.Button_modify = Button(self.Pane_left, text="更改密碼", style="TButton")
self.Button_modify.place(x=40, y=120)
# 右邊:查詢、TreeView
if __name__ == '__main__':
this_main = MainWindow()
this_main.mainloop()
顯示效果:(注意:tkinter在Mac上Panedwindow不支持修改前景色背景色)

二、添加查詢區域
在右邊的Pannedwindow容器中,添加一個LabelFrame容器作為查詢區域,在LabelFrame容器中添加一系列的Label、Entry、Button控件,可以輸入學號、姓名、電話、身份證、查詢、和顯示全部信息:
self.Pane_right = PanedWindow(width=725, height=540, style="right.TPanedwindow")
self.Pane_right.place(x=170, y=94)
# LabelFrame
self.LabelFrame_query = LabelFrame(self.Pane_right,text = "學生信息查詢",width = 700,height = 70)
self.LabelFrame_query.place(x = 10 , y = 10)
# 添加控件
self.Label_sno = Label(self.LabelFrame_query,text = "學號:")
self.Label_sno.place(x = 5,y = 13)
self.Entry_sno = Entry(self.LabelFrame_query,width = 8)
self.Entry_sno.place(x = 40,y = 10)
self.Label_name = Label(self.LabelFrame_query, text="姓名:")
self.Label_name.place(x=125, y=13)
self.Entry_name = Entry(self.LabelFrame_query, width=8)
self.Entry_name.place(x=160, y=10)
self.Label_mobile = Label(self.LabelFrame_query, text="電話:")
self.Label_mobile.place(x=245, y=13)
self.Entry_mobile = Entry(self.LabelFrame_query, width=8)
self.Entry_mobile.place(x=280, y=10)
self.Label_id = Label(self.LabelFrame_query, text="身份證:")
self.Label_id.place(x=365, y=13)
self.Entry_id = Entry(self.LabelFrame_query, width=10)
self.Entry_id.place(x=420, y=10)
self.Button_query = Button(self.LabelFrame_query, text="查詢",width = 4)
self.Button_query.place(x=520, y=10)
self.Button_all = Button(self.LabelFrame_query, text="顯示全部",width = 8)
self.Button_all.place(x=590, y=10)
顯示效果:

三、加載Treeview控件
創建控件、設置對齊方式和每個列的標題
# 添加TreeView控件
self.Tree = Treeview(self.Pane_right,columns=("sno","names",
"gender","birthday","mobile","email","address"),show="headings",height=20)
# 設置每一個列的寬度和對齊的方式
self.Tree.column("sno",width=100,anchor="center")
self.Tree.column("names",width=80,anchor="center")
self.Tree.column("gender",width=80,anchor="center")
self.Tree.column("birthday",width=100,anchor="center")
self.Tree.column("mobile",width=100,anchor="center")
self.Tree.column("email", width=100, anchor="center")
self.Tree.column("address",width=120,anchor="center")
# 設置每個列的標題
self.Tree.heading("sno",text="學號")
self.Tree.heading("names", text="姓名")
self.Tree.heading("gender", text="性別")
self.Tree.heading("birthday", text="生日")
self.Tree.heading("mobile", text="手機號碼")
self.Tree.heading("email", text="郵箱地址")
self.Tree.heading("address", text="家庭住址")
self.Tree.place(x=10,y=80)
顯示效果:

四、實現登錄用戶登錄信息加載
登錄成功后,在頂部顯示用戶姓名和登錄時間,用戶姓名是怎么來的?是我們在登錄窗口輸入的,所以這就涉及到了跨窗體數據的傳遞。這一點非常重要!
登錄窗體(登錄信息)==>主窗體
傳遞的基本方式:構造函數
在主窗體的構造函數中添加一個接收參數current_user,在登錄窗體加載新窗體時將參數傳遞進去;
但是我們登錄窗體的登錄函數login()中用戶名的變量user是局部變量,函數調用完了之后就變量就沒有了,那怎么調用呢?
我們需要在登錄窗體的構造函數中定義全局變量:
self.user = "" # 當前的用戶
為了獲取用戶登錄的時間,我們定義一個獲取當前時間的方法:
def get_now_time(self):
today = datetime.today()
return ("%04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d"%(today.year,
today.month,today.day,today.hour,today.minute,today.second))
然后在加載主窗體時將參數self.user和self.get_now_time()作為參數傳遞進去
main_window = maingui.MainWindow(self.user,self.get_now_time())
另一邊,我們在主窗體中,在構造函數中添加全局變量
self.login_user = current_user
self.login_time = current_time
之后,我們在Top_banner中通過標簽將user信息展示出來:
self.Label_login_user = Label(self,text = "當前用戶:"+str(self.login_user).title()
+"\n登錄時間:"+self.login_time)
self.Label_login_user.place(x = 650,y = 40)
這樣主窗口就會顯示通過登錄窗口登錄的用戶名(首字母自動轉大寫)和登錄時間:
效果演示:

五、加載學生信息到TreeView中
1. 我們在主窗體中定義全局變量來存儲學生信息:
self.all_student_list = []
self.file_path = "/Users/yushengtan/Desktop/Demo/Studentmgr/Student.txt"
2. 定義方法讀取文件中的學生信息
def load_file_student_info(self):
if not os.path.exists(self.file_path):
showinfo("系統消息","提供的文件名不存在!")
else:
try:
with open(file = self.file_path,mode = "r") as fd:
# 一次讀一行
current_line = fd.readline()
while current_line:
temp_list = current_line.split(",") # 長字符串分割層三個
self.all_student_list.append(temp_list)
# 讀取下一行,讀完了循環就結束了
current_line = fd.readline()
except:
showinfo("系統消息","文件讀取出現異常!")
然后我們在構造方法中把這個函數寫入,以實現自動把學生信息寫入到all_student_list中
self.load_file_student_info()
3. 定義加載TreeView信息的方法
文件中讀取到的學生信息存儲到all_student_list列表,以此作為參數傳入加載TreeView的方法中;
def load_treeview(self,current_list:list):
# 判斷是否有數據:
if len(current_list) == 0:
showinfo("系統消息","沒有數據加載")
else:
for index in range(len(current_list)):
self.Tree.insert("",index,values=(current_list[index][0],current_list[index][1],
current_list[index][2],current_list[index][3],current_list[index][4],
current_list[index][5],current_list[index][6]))
在構造方法中調用該方法,自動把所有學生信息加載到TreeView中
self.load_treeview(self.all_student_list)
運行效果:

后記
這一節我們實現了主窗體的搭建,從界面的布局到TreeView加載全部學生信息。學生數據如此之多,如果我們想精確查看具體某個學生的信息該怎么做呢?下一講,我們將實現學生信息的查詢功能,敬請期待吧~
