創建游標
首先在MySql中創建一張數據表:
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `store` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` varchar(20) NOT NULL, `count` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '1', PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=7; INSERT INTO `store` (`id`, `name`, `count`) VALUES (1, 'android', 15), (2, 'iphone', 14), (3, 'iphone', 20), (4, 'android', 5), (5, 'android', 13), (6, 'iphone', 13);
我們現在要用存儲過程做一個功能,統計iphone的總庫存是多少,並把總數輸出到控制台。
--在windows系統中寫存儲過程時,如果需要使用declare聲明變量,需要添加這個關鍵字,否則會報錯。 delimiter // drop procedure if exists StatisticStore; CREATE PROCEDURE StatisticStore() BEGIN --創建接收游標數據的變量 declare c int; declare n varchar(20); --創建總數變量 declare total int default 0; --創建結束標志變量 declare done int default false; --創建游標 declare cur cursor for select name,count from store where name = 'iphone'; --指定游標循環結束時的返回值 declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true; --設置初始值 set total = 0; --打開游標 open cur; --開始循環游標里的數據 read_loop:loop --根據游標當前指向的一條數據 fetch cur into n,c; --判斷游標的循環是否結束 if done then leave read_loop; --跳出游標循環 end if; --獲取一條數據時,將count值進行累加操作,這里可以做任意你想做的操作, set total = total + c; --結束游標循環 end loop; --關閉游標 close cur; --輸出結果 select total; END; --調用存儲過程 call StatisticStore();
fetch是獲取游標當前指向的數據行,並將指針指向下一行,當游標已經指向最后一行時繼續執行會造成游標溢出。 使用loop循環游標時,他本身是不會監控是否到最后一條數據了,像下面代碼這種寫法,就會造成死循環;
read_loop:loop fetch cur into n,c; set total = total+c; end loop;
在MySql中,造成游標溢出時會引發mysql預定義的NOT FOUND錯誤,所以在上面使用下面的代碼指定了當引發not found錯誤時定義一個continue 的事件,指定這個事件發生時修改done變量的值。
declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true;
所以在循環時加上了下面這句代碼:
--判斷游標的循環是否結束 if done then leave read_loop; --跳出游標循環 end if;
如果done的值是true,就結束循環。繼續執行下面的代碼。
使用方式
游標有三種使用方式: 第一種就是上面的實現,使用loop循環; 第二種方式如下,使用while循環:
drop procedure if exists StatisticStore1; CREATE PROCEDURE StatisticStore1() BEGIN declare c int; declare n varchar(20); declare total int default 0; declare done int default false; declare cur cursor for select name,count from store where name = 'iphone'; declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true; set total = 0; open cur; fetch cur into n,c; while(not done) do set total = total + c; fetch cur into n,c; end while; close cur; select total; END; call StatisticStore1();
第三種方式是使用repeat執行:
drop procedure if exists StatisticStore2; CREATE PROCEDURE StatisticStore2() BEGIN declare c int; declare n varchar(20); declare total int default 0; declare done int default false; declare cur cursor for select name,count from store where name = 'iphone'; declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true; set total = 0; open cur; repeat fetch cur into n,c; if not done then set total = total + c; end if; until done end repeat; close cur; select total; END; call StatisticStore2();
游標嵌套
在mysql中,每個begin end 塊都是一個獨立的scope區域,由於MySql中同一個error的事件只能定義一次,如果多定義的話在編譯時會提示Duplicate handler declared in the same block。
drop procedure if exists StatisticStore3; CREATE PROCEDURE StatisticStore3() BEGIN declare _n varchar(20); declare done int default false; declare cur cursor for select name from store group by name; declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true; open cur; read_loop:loop fetch cur into _n; if done then leave read_loop; end if; begin declare c int; declare n varchar(20); declare total int default 0; declare done int default false; declare cur cursor for select name,count from store where name = 'iphone'; declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true; set total = 0; open cur; iphone_loop:loop fetch cur into n,c; if done then leave iphone_loop; end if; set total = total + c; end loop; close cur; select _n,n,total; end; begin declare c int; declare n varchar(20); declare total int default 0; declare done int default false; declare cur cursor for select name,count from store where name = 'android'; declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true; set total = 0; open cur; android_loop:loop fetch cur into n,c; if done then leave android_loop; end if; set total = total + c; end loop; close cur; select _n,n,total; end; begin end; end loop; close cur; END; call StatisticStore3();
上面就是實現一個嵌套循環,當然這個例子比較牽強。湊合看看就行。。
動態SQL
Mysql 支持動態SQL的功能,
set @sqlStr='select * from table where condition1 = ?'; prepare s1 for @sqlStr; --如果有多個參數用逗號分隔 execute s1 using @condition1; --手工釋放,或者是 connection 關閉時, server 自動回收 deallocate prepare s1;
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_36213352/article/details/83059805