HttpClient相比傳統JDK自帶的URLConnection,增加了易用性和靈活性,它不僅使客戶端發送Http請求變得容易,而且也方便開發人員測試接口(基於Http協議的),提高了開發的效率,也方便提高代碼的健壯性。因此熟練掌握HttpClient是很重要的必修內容,掌握HttpClient后,相信對於Http協議的了解會更加深入。
org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient與org.apache.http.client.HttpClient的區別
Commons的HttpClient項目現在是生命的盡頭,不再被開發, 已被Apache HttpComponents項目HttpClient和HttpCore 模組取代,提供更好的性能和更大的靈活性。
一、簡介
HttpClient是Apache Jakarta Common下的子項目,用來提供高效的、最新的、功能豐富的支持HTTP協議的客戶端編程工具包,並且它支持HTTP協議最新的版本和建議。HttpClient已經應用在很多的項目中,比如Apache Jakarta上很著名的另外兩個開源項目Cactus和HTMLUnit都使用了HttpClient。
下載地址: http://hc.apache.org/downloads.cgi
二、特性
1. 基於標准、純凈的java語言。實現了Http1.0和Http1.1
2. 以可擴展的面向對象的結構實現了Http全部的方法(GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, HEAD, OPTIONS, and TRACE)。
3. 支持HTTPS協議。
4. 通過Http代理建立透明的連接。
5. 利用CONNECT方法通過Http代理建立隧道的https連接。
6. Basic, Digest, NTLMv1, NTLMv2, NTLM2 Session, SNPNEGO/Kerberos認證方案。
7. 插件式的自定義認證方案。
8. 便攜可靠的套接字工廠使它更容易的使用第三方解決方案。
9. 連接管理器支持多線程應用。支持設置最大連接數,同時支持設置每個主機的最大連接數,發現並關閉過期的連接。
10. 自動處理Set-Cookie中的Cookie。
11. 插件式的自定義Cookie策略。
12. Request的輸出流可以避免流中內容直接緩沖到socket服務器。
13. Response的輸入流可以有效的從socket服務器直接讀取相應內容。
14. 在http1.0和http1.1中利用KeepAlive保持持久連接。
15. 直接獲取服務器發送的response code和 headers。
16. 設置連接超時的能力。
17. 實驗性的支持http1.1 response caching。
18. 源代碼基於Apache License 可免費獲取。
三、使用方法
使用HttpClient發送請求、接收響應很簡單,一般需要如下幾步即可。
1. 創建HttpClient對象。
2. 創建請求方法的實例,並指定請求URL。如果需要發送GET請求,創建HttpGet對象;如果需要發送POST請求,創建HttpPost對象。
3. 如果需要發送請求參數,可調用HttpGet、HttpPost共同的setParams(HttpParams params)方法來添加請求參數;對於HttpPost對象而言,也可調用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法來設置請求參數。
4. 調用HttpClient對象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)發送請求,該方法返回一個HttpResponse。
5. 調用HttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可獲取服務器的響應頭;調用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可獲取HttpEntity對象,該對象包裝了服務器的響應內容。程序可通過該對象獲取服務器的響應內容。
6. 釋放連接。無論執行方法是否成功,都必須釋放連接
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commons-cli- 1.2.jar
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commons-codec- 1.9.jar
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commons-logging- 1.2.jar
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fluent-hc- 4.5.1.jar
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httpclient- 4.5.1.jar
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httpclient-cache- 4.5.1.jar
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httpclient-win- 4.5.1.jar
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httpcore- 4.4.3.jar
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httpcore-ab- 4.4.3.jar
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httpcore-nio- 4.4.3.jar
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httpmime- 4.5.1.jar
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jna- 4.1.0.jar
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jna-platform- 4.1.0.jar
最簡單post請求, 源自 http://my.oschina.net/xinxingegeya/blog/282683
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package a;
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import java.io.FileInputStream;
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import java.io.IOException;
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import java.util.ArrayList;
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import java.util.List;
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import java.util.Properties;
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import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
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import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
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import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
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import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
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import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
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import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
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import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
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import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
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import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
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import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
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public class First {
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public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
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List<NameValuePair> formparams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
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formparams.add( new BasicNameValuePair("account", ""));
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formparams.add( new BasicNameValuePair("password", ""));
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HttpEntity reqEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "utf-8");
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RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
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.setConnectTimeout( 5000)//一、連接超時:connectionTimeout-->指的是連接一個url的連接等待時間
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.setSocketTimeout( 5000)// 二、讀取數據超時:SocketTimeout-->指的是連接上一個url,獲取response的返回等待時間
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.setConnectionRequestTimeout( 5000)
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.build();
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HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
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HttpPost post = new HttpPost("http://cnivi.com.cn/login");
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post.setEntity(reqEntity);
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post.setConfig(requestConfig);
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HttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
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if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
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HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();
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String message = EntityUtils.toString(resEntity, "utf-8");
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System.out.println(message);
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} else {
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System.out.println( "請求失敗");
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}
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}
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}
四、實例
主文件
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package com.test;
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import java.io.File;
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import java.io.FileInputStream;
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import java.io.IOException;
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import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
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import java.security.KeyManagementException;
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import java.security.KeyStore;
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import java.security.KeyStoreException;
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import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
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import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
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import java.util.ArrayList;
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import java.util.List;
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import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
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import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
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import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
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import org.apache.http.ParseException;
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import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
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import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
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import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
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import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
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import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
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import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
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import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLContexts;
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import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustSelfSignedStrategy;
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import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
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import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;
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import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody;
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import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.StringBody;
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import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
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import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
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import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
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import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
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import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
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import org.junit.Test;
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public class HttpClientTest {
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//方法見下........
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}
HttpClientUtils工具類
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package com.bobo.code.web.controller.technology.httpcomponents;
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import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
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import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
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import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
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import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
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import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
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import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
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import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpUriRequest;
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import org.apache.http.client.methods.RequestBuilder;
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import org.apache.http.conn.routing.HttpRoute;
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import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
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import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
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import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
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import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
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import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
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import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
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import java.io.IOException;
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import java.util.*;
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public class HttpClientUtils {
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private static PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connectionManager = null;
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private static HttpClientBuilder httpBuilder = null;
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private static RequestConfig requestConfig = null;
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private static int MAXCONNECTION = 10;
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private static int DEFAULTMAXCONNECTION = 5;
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private static String IP = "cnivi.com.cn";
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private static int PORT = 80;
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static {
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//設置http的狀態參數
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requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
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.setSocketTimeout( 5000)
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.setConnectTimeout( 5000)
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.setConnectionRequestTimeout( 5000)
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.build();
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HttpHost target = new HttpHost(IP, PORT);
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connectionManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
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connectionManager.setMaxTotal(MAXCONNECTION); //客戶端總並行鏈接最大數
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connectionManager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(DEFAULTMAXCONNECTION); //每個主機的最大並行鏈接數
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connectionManager.setMaxPerRoute( new HttpRoute(target), 20);
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httpBuilder = HttpClients.custom();
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httpBuilder.setConnectionManager(connectionManager);
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}
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public static CloseableHttpClient getConnection() {
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CloseableHttpClient httpClient = httpBuilder.build();
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return httpClient;
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}
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-
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public static HttpUriRequest getRequestMethod(Map<String, String> map, String url, String method) {
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List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
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Set<Map.Entry<String, String>> entrySet = map.entrySet();
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for (Map.Entry<String, String> e : entrySet) {
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String name = e.getKey();
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String value = e.getValue();
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NameValuePair pair = new BasicNameValuePair(name, value);
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params.add(pair);
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}
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HttpUriRequest reqMethod = null;
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if ("post".equals(method)) {
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reqMethod = RequestBuilder.post().setUri(url)
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.addParameters(params.toArray( new BasicNameValuePair[params.size()]))
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.setConfig(requestConfig).build();
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} else if ("get".equals(method)) {
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reqMethod = RequestBuilder.get().setUri(url)
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.addParameters(params.toArray( new BasicNameValuePair[params.size()]))
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.setConfig(requestConfig).build();
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}
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return reqMethod;
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}
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public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {
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Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
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map.put( "account", "");
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map.put( "password", "");
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HttpClient client = getConnection();
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HttpUriRequest post = getRequestMethod(map, "http://cnivi.com.cn/login", "post");
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HttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
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if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
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HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
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String message = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");
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System.out.println(message);
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} else {
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System.out.println( "請求失敗");
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}
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}
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}
get方式
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/**
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* 發送 get請求
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*/
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public void get() {
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CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
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try {
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// 創建httpget.
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HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com/");
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System.out.println( "executing request " + httpget.getURI());
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// 執行get請求.
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CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
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try {
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// 獲取響應實體
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HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
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System.out.println( "--------------------------------------");
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// 打印響應狀態
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System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
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if (entity != null) {
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// 打印響應內容長度
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System.out.println( "Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());
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// 打印響應內容
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System.out.println( "Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity));
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}
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System.out.println( "------------------------------------");
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} finally {
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response.close();
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}
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} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
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e.printStackTrace();
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} catch (ParseException e) {
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e.printStackTrace();
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} catch (IOException e) {
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e.printStackTrace();
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} finally {
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// 關閉連接,釋放資源
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try {
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httpclient.close();
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} catch (IOException e) {
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e.printStackTrace();
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}
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}
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}
post方式
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/**
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* 發送 post請求訪問本地應用並根據傳遞參數不同返回不同結果
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*/
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public void post() {
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// 創建默認的httpClient實例.
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CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
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// 創建httppost
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HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");
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// 創建參數隊列
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List<NameValuePair> formparams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
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formparams.add( new BasicNameValuePair("type", "house"));
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UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;
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try {
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uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8");
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httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);
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System.out.println( "executing request " + httppost.getURI());
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CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
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try {
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HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
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if (entity != null) {
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System.out.println( "--------------------------------------");
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System.out.println( "Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"));
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System.out.println( "--------------------------------------");
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}
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} finally {
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response.close();
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}
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} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
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e.printStackTrace();
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} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
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e1.printStackTrace();
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} catch (IOException e) {
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e.printStackTrace();
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} finally {
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// 關閉連接,釋放資源
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try {
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httpclient.close();
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} catch (IOException e) {
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e.printStackTrace();
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}
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}
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}
如果有亂碼,可以償試使用 StringEntity 來替換HttpEntity:
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StringEntity content = new StringEntity(soapRequestData.toString(), Charset.forName("UTF-8"));// 第二個參數,設置后才會對,內容進行編碼
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content.setContentType( "application/soap+xml; charset=UTF-8");
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content.setContentEncoding( "UTF-8");
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httppost.setEntity(content);
具體SOAP協議代碼如下:
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package com.isoftstone.core.service.impl;
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import java.io.BufferedReader;
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import java.io.File;
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import java.io.FileInputStream;
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import java.io.FileReader;
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import java.io.IOException;
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import java.io.InputStreamReader;
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import java.nio.charset.Charset;
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import java.util.Scanner;
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import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
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import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
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import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
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import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
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import org.apache.http.client.entity.EntityBuilder;
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import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
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import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
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import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
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import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
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import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
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import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
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import org.jdom.Document;
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import org.jdom.Element;
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import com.isoftstone.core.common.constant.RequestConstants;
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import com.isoftstone.core.common.tools.XmlTool;
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import com.isoftstone.core.service.intf.ServiceOfStringPara;
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/**
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*
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*
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*/
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public class DeloittePricingSingleCarImpl implements ServiceOfStringPara {
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private String serviceUrl = "http://10.30.0.35:7001/ZSInsUW/Auto/PricingService";
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private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(DeloittePricingSingleCarImpl.class.getName());
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public String invoke(String sRequest) {
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StringBuffer soapRequestData = new StringBuffer();
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soapRequestData.append( "<soapenv:Envelope");
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soapRequestData.append( " xmlns:soapenv=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/\" ");
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soapRequestData.append( " xmlns:prov=\"http://provider.webservice.zsins.dtt.com/\">");
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soapRequestData.append( " <soapenv:Header/> ");
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soapRequestData.append( "<soapenv:Body>");
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soapRequestData.append( "<prov:executePrvPricing>");
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soapRequestData.append( "<arg0>");
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soapRequestData.append( "<![CDATA[" + sRequest + "]]>");
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soapRequestData.append( "</arg0>");
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soapRequestData.append( "</prov:executePrvPricing>");
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soapRequestData.append( " </soapenv:Body>");
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soapRequestData.append( "</soapenv:Envelope>");
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HttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
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HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(serviceUrl);
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StringEntity content = new StringEntity(soapRequestData.toString(), Charset.forName("UTF-8"));// 第二個參數,設置后才會對,內容進行編碼
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content.setContentType( "application/soap+xml; charset=UTF-8");
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content.setContentEncoding( "UTF-8");
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httppost.setEntity(content);
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//用下面的服務器端以UTF-8接收到的報文會亂碼,原因未知
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// HttpEntity reqEntity = EntityBuilder.create().setContentType(
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// ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN) // .TEXT_PLAIN
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// .setText(soapRequestData.toString()).build();
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// httppost.setEntity(reqEntity);
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// httppost.addHeader("Content-Type",
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// "application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8");
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HttpResponse response = null;
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Document doc = null;
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String returnXml = null;
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String sentity = null;
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try {
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response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
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HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();
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if (resEntity != null) {
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sentity = EntityUtils.toString(resEntity, "UTF-8");
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doc = XmlTool.getDocument(sentity, RequestConstants.ENCODE);
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System.out.println(doc.toString());
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Element eRoot = doc.getRootElement();
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Element body = eRoot.getChild( "Body", eRoot.getNamespace());
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Element resp = (Element) body.getChildren().get( 0);
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Element returnele = resp.getChild( "return");
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returnXml = returnele.getText().toString();
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}
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} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
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e.printStackTrace();
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} catch (IOException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
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} catch (Exception e) {
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e.printStackTrace();
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} finally {
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log.info( "發送給系統的請求報文:\n" + soapRequestData.toString());
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log.info( "系統返回的響應報文:\n" + sentity);
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log.info( "返回給核心的的報文:\n" + returnXml);
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}
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return returnXml;
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}
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-
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public String getServiceUrl() {
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return serviceUrl;
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}
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-
-
public void setServiceUrl(String serviceUrl) {
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this.serviceUrl = serviceUrl;
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}
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-
-
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
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File file = new File("D:/test.txt");
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System.out.println(file.exists());
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String temp2 = null;
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StringBuilder sb2 = new StringBuilder();
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InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(file),"GBK");
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BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
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temp2 = br.readLine();
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while( temp2 != null ){
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sb2.append(temp2);
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temp2 = br.readLine();
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}
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String sss = sb2.toString();
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// System.out.println(sss.toString());
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new DeloittePricingSingleCarImpl().invoke(sss);
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}
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}
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post提交表單
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/**
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* post方式提交表單(模擬用戶登錄請求)
-
*/
-
public void postForm() {
-
// 創建默認的httpClient實例.
-
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
-
// 創建httppost
-
HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");
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// 創建參數隊列
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List<NameValuePair> formparams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
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formparams.add( new BasicNameValuePair("username", "admin"));
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formparams.add( new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123456"));
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UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;
-
try {
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uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8");
-
httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);
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System.out.println( "executing request " + httppost.getURI());
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CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
-
try {
-
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
-
if (entity != null) {
-
System.out.println( "--------------------------------------");
-
System.out.println( "Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"));
-
System.out.println( "--------------------------------------");
-
}
-
} finally {
-
response.close();
-
}
-
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
-
e1.printStackTrace();
-
} catch (IOException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
} finally {
-
// 關閉連接,釋放資源
-
try {
-
httpclient.close();
-
} catch (IOException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
}
-
}
-
}
文件上傳
-
/**
-
* 上傳文件
-
*/
-
public void upload() {
-
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
-
try {
-
HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceFile.action");
-
-
FileBody bin = new FileBody(new File("F:\\image\\sendpix0.jpg"));
-
StringBody comment = new StringBody("A binary file of some kind", ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN);
-
-
HttpEntity reqEntity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create().addPart( "bin", bin).addPart("comment", comment).build();
-
-
httppost.setEntity(reqEntity);
-
-
System.out.println( "executing request " + httppost.getRequestLine());
-
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
-
try {
-
System.out.println( "----------------------------------------");
-
System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
-
HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();
-
if (resEntity != null) {
-
System.out.println( "Response content length: " + resEntity.getContentLength());
-
}
-
EntityUtils.consume(resEntity);
-
} finally {
-
response.close();
-
}
-
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
} catch (IOException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
} finally {
-
try {
-
httpclient.close();
-
} catch (IOException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
}
-
}
-
}
ssl連接
-
/**
-
* HttpClient連接SSL
-
*/
-
public void ssl() {
-
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = null;
-
try {
-
KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());
-
FileInputStream instream = new FileInputStream(new File("d:\\tomcat.keystore"));
-
try {
-
// 加載keyStore d:\\tomcat.keystore
-
trustStore.load(instream, "123456".toCharArray());
-
} catch (CertificateException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
} finally {
-
try {
-
instream.close();
-
} catch (Exception ignore) {
-
}
-
}
-
// 相信自己的CA和所有自簽名的證書
-
SSLContext sslcontext = SSLContexts.custom().loadTrustMaterial(trustStore, new TrustSelfSignedStrategy()).build();
-
// 只允許使用TLSv1協議
-
SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext, new String[] { "TLSv1" }, null,
-
SSLConnectionSocketFactory.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER);
-
httpclient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build();
-
// 創建http請求(get方式)
-
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("https://localhost:8443/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");
-
System.out.println( "executing request" + httpget.getRequestLine());
-
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
-
try {
-
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
-
System.out.println( "----------------------------------------");
-
System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
-
if (entity != null) {
-
System.out.println( "Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());
-
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(entity));
-
EntityUtils.consume(entity);
-
}
-
} finally {
-
response.close();
-
}
-
} catch (ParseException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
} catch (IOException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
} catch (KeyManagementException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
} catch (KeyStoreException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
} finally {
-
if (httpclient != null) {
-
try {
-
httpclient.close();
-
} catch (IOException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
}
-
}
-
}
-
}
關於RequestConfig的配置:
源自:
http://segmentfault.com/a/1190000000587944
http://blog.csdn.net/walkerjong/article/details/51710945
-
public void requestConfig(){
-
// 新建一個RequestConfig:
-
RequestConfig defaultRequestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
-
//一、連接目標服務器超時時間:ConnectionTimeout-->指的是連接一個url的連接等待時間
-
.setConnectTimeout( 5000)
-
//二、讀取目標服務器數據超時時間:SocketTimeout-->指的是連接上一個url,獲取response的返回等待時間
-
.setSocketTimeout( 5000)
-
//三、從連接池獲取連接的超時時間:ConnectionRequestTimeout
-
.setConnectionRequestTimeout( 5000)
-
.build();
-
-
// 這個超時可以設置為客戶端級別,作為所有請求的默認值:
-
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.custom()
-
.setDefaultRequestConfig(defaultRequestConfig)
-
.build();
-
// httpclient.execute(httppost);的時候可以讓httppost直接享受到httpclient中的默認配置.
-
-
// Request不會繼承客戶端級別的請求配置,所以在自定義Request的時候,需要將客戶端的默認配置拷貝過去:
-
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.apache.org/");
-
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.copy(defaultRequestConfig)
-
.setProxy( new HttpHost("myotherproxy", 8080))
-
.build();
-
httpget.setConfig(requestConfig);
-
// httpget可以單獨地使用新copy的requestConfig請求配置,不會對別的request請求產生影響
-
}
httpGet或httpPost 的abort()和releaseConnection()差異
-
//httpPost.abort();//中斷請求,接下來可以開始另一段請求,所以個人理應,用這個應該可以在session中虛擬登錄
-
//httpPost.releaseConnection();//釋放請求.如果釋放了相當於要清空session
可知模擬登錄可以如下: 源自 http://bbs.csdn.net/topics/390195343
-
package com.bms.core;
-
-
import java.io.IOException;
-
import java.util.ArrayList;
-
import java.util.List;
-
-
import org.apache.http.Consts;
-
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
-
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
-
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
-
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
-
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
-
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
-
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
-
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
-
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
-
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
-
-
import com.bms.util.CommonUtil;
-
-
public class Test2 {
-
-
/**
-
* @param args
-
* @throws IOException
-
* @throws ClientProtocolException
-
*/
-
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
-
DefaultHttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();
-
-
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com");
-
String body = "";
-
HttpResponse response;
-
HttpEntity entity;
-
response = httpclient.execute(httpGet);
-
entity = response.getEntity();
-
body = EntityUtils.toString(entity); //這個就是頁面源碼了
-
httpGet.abort(); //中斷請求,接下來可以開始另一段請求
-
System.out.println(body);
-
//httpGet.releaseConnection();//釋放請求.如果釋放了相當於要清空session
-
//以下是post方法
-
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://www.baidu.com");//一定要改成可以提交的地址,這里用百度代替
-
List <NameValuePair> nvps = new ArrayList <NameValuePair>();
-
nvps.add( new BasicNameValuePair("name", "1"));//名值對
-
nvps.add( new BasicNameValuePair("account", "xxxx"));
-
httpPost.setEntity( new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nvps, Consts.UTF_8));
-
response = httpclient.execute(httpPost);
-
entity = response.getEntity();
-
body = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
-
System.out.println( "Login form get: " + response.getStatusLine());//這個可以打印狀態
-
httpPost.abort();
-
System.out.println(body);
-
httpPost.releaseConnection();
-
}
-
-
}
源自 http://blog.csdn.net/wangpeng047/article/details/19624529#reply
其它相關資料: 非CloseableHttpClient HTTPClient模塊的HttpGet和HttpPost
我項目中用到的HttpClientUtil (2016/12/17)
-
package com.isoftstone.pcis.isc.util;
-
-
import java.io.IOException;
-
import java.io.InterruptedIOException;
-
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
-
-
import javax.net.ssl.SSLException;
-
import javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException;
-
-
import org.apache.http.HttpEntityEnclosingRequest;
-
import org.apache.http.HttpRequest;
-
import org.apache.http.NoHttpResponseException;
-
import org.apache.http.client.HttpRequestRetryHandler;
-
import org.apache.http.client.protocol.HttpClientContext;
-
import org.apache.http.config.Registry;
-
import org.apache.http.config.RegistryBuilder;
-
import org.apache.http.conn.ConnectTimeoutException;
-
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.ConnectionSocketFactory;
-
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.LayeredConnectionSocketFactory;
-
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.PlainConnectionSocketFactory;
-
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
-
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
-
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
-
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
-
import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext;
-
import com.isoftstone.pcis.isc.util.ProperUtil;
-
-
public class HttpClientUtil {
-
-
private static CloseableHttpClient httpclient = null;
-
-
static final int maxTotal=Integer.valueOf(ProperUtil.get("maxTotal")).intValue();//總最大連接數
-
static final int defaultMaxPerRoute=Integer.valueOf(ProperUtil.get("corePoolSize")).intValue();//每條線路最大連接數 = 本系統核心線程數 , 這樣永遠不會超過最大連接
-
-
public static CloseableHttpClient getHttpClient() {
-
-
if (null == httpclient) {
-
synchronized (HttpClientUtil.class) {
-
if (null == httpclient) {
-
httpclient = getNewHttpClient();
-
}
-
}
-
}
-
-
return httpclient;
-
}
-
-
private static CloseableHttpClient getNewHttpClient() {
-
-
-
// 設置連接池
-
ConnectionSocketFactory plainsf = PlainConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory();
-
LayeredConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = SSLConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory();
-
Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> registry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory> create().register( "http", plainsf).register("https", sslsf).build();
-
PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager cm = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(registry);
-
// 配置最大連接數
-
cm.setMaxTotal(maxTotal);
-
// 配置每條線路的最大連接數
-
cm.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(defaultMaxPerRoute);
-
-
// 請求重試處理
-
HttpRequestRetryHandler httpRequestRetryHandler = new HttpRequestRetryHandler() {
-
-
public boolean retryRequest(IOException exception,
-
int executionCount, HttpContext context) {
-
if (executionCount >= 2) {// 如果已經重試了2次,就放棄
-
return false;
-
}
-
if (exception instanceof NoHttpResponseException) {// 如果服務器丟掉了連接,那么就重試
-
return true;
-
}
-
if (exception instanceof SSLHandshakeException) {// 不要重試SSL握手異常
-
return false;
-
}
-
if (exception instanceof InterruptedIOException) {// 超時
-
return false;
-
}
-
if (exception instanceof UnknownHostException) {// 目標服務器不可達
-
return false;
-
}
-
if (exception instanceof ConnectTimeoutException) {// 連接被拒絕
-
return false;
-
}
-
if (exception instanceof SSLException) {// SSL握手異常
-
return false;
-
}
-
-
HttpClientContext clientContext = HttpClientContext.adapt(context);
-
HttpRequest request = clientContext.getRequest();
-
-
if (!(request instanceof HttpEntityEnclosingRequest)) {
-
return true;
-
}
-
return false;
-
}
-
-
};
-
-
CloseableHttpClient newHttpclient= null;
-
-
newHttpclient = HttpClients.custom()
-
.setConnectionManager(cm)
-
// .setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig)
-
.setRetryHandler(httpRequestRetryHandler)
-
.build();
-
-
return newHttpclient;
-
}
-
}
我自己整理的HttpClientTool
-
package com.isoftstone.core.util;
-
-
import java.io.IOException;
-
import java.io.InterruptedIOException;
-
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
-
-
import javax.net.ssl.SSLException;
-
import javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException;
-
-
import org.apache.http.HttpEntityEnclosingRequest;
-
import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
-
import org.apache.http.HttpRequest;
-
import org.apache.http.NoHttpResponseException;
-
import org.apache.http.client.HttpRequestRetryHandler;
-
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
-
import org.apache.http.client.protocol.HttpClientContext;
-
import org.apache.http.config.Registry;
-
import org.apache.http.config.RegistryBuilder;
-
import org.apache.http.conn.ConnectTimeoutException;
-
import org.apache.http.conn.routing.HttpRoute;
-
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.ConnectionSocketFactory;
-
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.LayeredConnectionSocketFactory;
-
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.PlainConnectionSocketFactory;
-
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
-
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
-
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
-
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
-
import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext;
-
-
/**
-
* org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient鏈接池生成工具
-
* @reference http://www.cnblogs.com/whatlonelytear/articles/4835538.html
-
* @author King
-
* @date 20170601
-
*/
-
public class HttpClientTool {
-
-
// org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient
-
private static CloseableHttpClient httpclient = null;
-
-
// 這里就直接默認固定了,因為以下三個參數在新建的method中仍然可以重新配置並被覆蓋.
-
static final int connectionRequestTimeout = 5000;// ms毫秒,從池中獲取鏈接超時時間
-
static final int connectTimeout = 5000;// ms毫秒,建立鏈接超時時間
-
static final int socketTimeout = 30000;// ms毫秒,讀取超時時間
-
-
// 總配置,主要涉及是以下兩個參數,如果要作調整沒有用到properties會比較后麻煩,但鑒於一經粘貼,隨處可用的特點,就不再做依賴性配置化處理了.
-
// 而且這個參數同一家公司基本不會變動.
-
static final int maxTotal = 500;// 最大總並發,很重要的參數
-
static final int maxPerRoute = 100;// 每路並發,很重要的參數
-
-
// 正常情況這里應該配成MAP或LIST
-
// 細化配置參數,用來對每路參數做精細化處理,可以管控各ip的流量,比如默認配置請求baidu:80端口最大100個並發鏈接,
-
static final String detailHostName = "http://www.baidu.com";// 每個細化配置之ip(不重要,在特殊場景很有用)
-
static final int detailPort = 80;// 每個細化配置之port(不重要,在特殊場景很有用)
-
static final int detailMaxPerRoute = 100;// 每個細化配置之最大並發數(不重要,在特殊場景很有用)
-
-
public static CloseableHttpClient getHttpClient() {
-
if (null == httpclient) {
-
synchronized (HttpClientTool.class) {
-
if (null == httpclient) {
-
httpclient = init();
-
}
-
}
-
}
-
return httpclient;
-
}
-
-
/**
-
* 鏈接池初始化 這里最重要的一點理解就是. 讓CloseableHttpClient 一直活在池的世界里, 但是HttpPost卻一直用完就消掉.
-
* 這樣可以讓鏈接一直保持着.
-
*
-
* @return
-
*/
-
private static CloseableHttpClient init() {
-
CloseableHttpClient newHttpclient = null;
-
-
// 設置連接池
-
ConnectionSocketFactory plainsf = PlainConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory();
-
LayeredConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = SSLConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory();
-
Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> registry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory> create().register( "http", plainsf).register("https", sslsf).build();
-
PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager cm = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(registry);
-
// 將最大連接數增加
-
cm.setMaxTotal(maxTotal);
-
// 將每個路由基礎的連接增加
-
cm.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(maxPerRoute);
-
-
// 細化配置開始,其實這里用Map或List的for循環來配置每個鏈接,在特殊場景很有用.
-
// 將每個路由基礎的連接做特殊化配置,一般用不着
-
HttpHost httpHost = new HttpHost(detailHostName, detailPort);
-
// 將目標主機的最大連接數增加
-
cm.setMaxPerRoute( new HttpRoute(httpHost), detailMaxPerRoute);
-
// cm.setMaxPerRoute(new HttpRoute(httpHost2),
-
// detailMaxPerRoute2);//可以有細化配置2
-
// cm.setMaxPerRoute(new HttpRoute(httpHost3),
-
// detailMaxPerRoute3);//可以有細化配置3
-
// 細化配置結束
-
-
// 請求重試處理
-
HttpRequestRetryHandler httpRequestRetryHandler = new HttpRequestRetryHandler() {
-
-
public boolean retryRequest(IOException exception, int executionCount, HttpContext context) {
-
if (executionCount >= 2) {// 如果已經重試了2次,就放棄
-
return false;
-
}
-
if (exception instanceof NoHttpResponseException) {// 如果服務器丟掉了連接,那么就重試
-
return true;
-
}
-
if (exception instanceof SSLHandshakeException) {// 不要重試SSL握手異常
-
return false;
-
}
-
if (exception instanceof InterruptedIOException) {// 超時
-
return false;
-
}
-
if (exception instanceof UnknownHostException) {// 目標服務器不可達
-
return false;
-
}
-
if (exception instanceof ConnectTimeoutException) {// 連接被拒絕
-
return false;
-
}
-
if (exception instanceof SSLException) {// SSL握手異常
-
return false;
-
}
-
-
HttpClientContext clientContext = HttpClientContext.adapt(context);
-
HttpRequest request = clientContext.getRequest();
-
// 如果請求是冪等的,就再次嘗試
-
if (!(request instanceof HttpEntityEnclosingRequest)) {
-
return true;
-
}
-
return false;
-
}
-
};
-
-
// 配置請求的超時設置
-
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectionRequestTimeout(connectionRequestTimeout).setConnectTimeout(connectTimeout).setSocketTimeout(socketTimeout).build();
-
newHttpclient = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(cm).setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig).setRetryHandler(httpRequestRetryHandler).build();
-
return newHttpclient;
-
}
-
}
-
package com.alqsoft.utils;
-
-
-
import java.io.BufferedReader;
-
import java.io.IOException;
-
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
-
import java.net.URI;
-
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
-
import java.util.ArrayList;
-
import java.util.List;
-
-
-
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
-
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
-
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
-
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
-
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
-
import org.apache.http.ParseException;
-
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
-
import org.apache.http.client.config.CookieSpecs;
-
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
-
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
-
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
-
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
-
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
-
import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder;
-
import org.apache.http.config.Registry;
-
import org.apache.http.config.RegistryBuilder;
-
import org.apache.http.cookie.Cookie;
-
import org.apache.http.cookie.CookieOrigin;
-
import org.apache.http.cookie.CookieSpec;
-
import org.apache.http.cookie.CookieSpecProvider;
-
import org.apache.http.cookie.MalformedCookieException;
-
import org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicCookieStore;
-
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
-
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
-
import org.apache.http.impl.cookie.BestMatchSpecFactory;
-
import org.apache.http.impl.cookie.BrowserCompatSpec;
-
import org.apache.http.impl.cookie.BrowserCompatSpecFactory;
-
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
-
import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext;
-
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
-
-
-
public class HttpClientObject {
-
private static Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(HttpClientObject.class);
-
private CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
-
private HttpResponse response;
-
-
private HttpPost httpPost = null;
-
-
private HttpGet httpGet = null;
-
-
private String paramKey = "";
-
-
private String paramValue = "";
-
-
private String responseString;
-
-
public void setParamKey(String paramKey) {
-
this.paramKey = paramKey;
-
}
-
-
public void setParamValue(String paramValue) {
-
this.paramValue = paramValue;
-
}
-
-
public String getResponseString() {
-
return responseString;
-
}
-
-
public HttpClientObject() {
-
this.getHttpClient();
-
}
-
-
private List<NameValuePair> getRequestBody() {
-
NameValuePair pair1 = new BasicNameValuePair(paramKey, paramValue);
-
List<NameValuePair> pairList = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
-
pairList.add(pair1);
-
return pairList;
-
}
-
-
-
public void submit() {
-
try {
-
if (httpPost != null) {
-
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
-
httpPost = null;
-
}
-
if (httpGet != null) {
-
response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
-
httpGet = null;
-
}
-
this.response();
-
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
} catch (IOException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
}
-
}
-
-
-
private void response() {
-
String result = "";
-
BufferedReader in = null;
-
try {
-
HttpEntity httpEntity = response.getEntity();
-
responseString = EntityUtils.toString(httpEntity);
-
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
} catch (IOException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
} finally {
-
try {
-
if (in != null) {
-
in.close();
-
}
-
} catch (Exception e2) {
-
e2.printStackTrace();
-
}
-
}
-
-
-
}
-
-
-
public void setPost(String httpUrl) {
-
try {
-
HttpEntity requestHttpEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(this.getRequestBody());
-
httpPost = new HttpPost(httpUrl);
-
httpPost.addHeader( "Content-Type", "”application/json;charset=UTF-8");
-
httpPost.setEntity(requestHttpEntity);
-
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
} catch (ParseException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
}
-
}
-
-
-
public void setGet(String httpUrl) {
-
httpGet = new HttpGet(httpUrl);
-
httpGet.addHeader( "Content-Type", "text/html;charset=UTF-8");
-
}
-
-
-
private void getHttpClient() {
-
BasicCookieStore cookieStore = new BasicCookieStore();
-
CookieSpecProvider easySpecProvider = new CookieSpecProvider() {
-
public CookieSpec create(HttpContext context) {
-
-
-
return new BrowserCompatSpec() {
-
-
public void validate(Cookie cookie, CookieOrigin origin)
-
throws MalformedCookieException {
-
// Oh, I am easy
-
}
-
};
-
}
-
-
-
};
-
Registry<CookieSpecProvider> r = RegistryBuilder.<CookieSpecProvider>create()
-
.register(CookieSpecs.BEST_MATCH, new BestMatchSpecFactory())
-
.register(CookieSpecs.BROWSER_COMPATIBILITY, new BrowserCompatSpecFactory())
-
.register( "easy", easySpecProvider).build();
-
-
-
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setCookieSpec( "easy")
-
.setSocketTimeout( 20000).setConnectTimeout(20000).build();
-
-
-
httpClient = HttpClients.custom().setDefaultCookieSpecRegistry(r)
-
.setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig).setDefaultCookieStore(cookieStore).build();
-
}
-
-
-
/**
-
* httpclient發送http get請求;
-
*
-
* @return
-
* @throws URISyntaxException
-
* @throws IOException
-
* @throws ClientProtocolException
-
*/
-
public static String sendGet(String uriPath, List<NameValuePair> ns)
-
throws URISyntaxException, ClientProtocolException, IOException {
-
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
-
URIBuilder uri = new URIBuilder();
-
uri.setPath(uriPath);
-
uri.addParameters(ns);
-
URI u = uri.build();
-
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet(u);
-
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
-
return EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
-
}
-
-
-
/**
-
* httpclient發送http post請求;
-
*
-
* @return
-
* @throws URISyntaxException
-
* @throws IOException
-
* @throws ClientProtocolException
-
*/
-
public static String sendPost(String uriPath, List<NameValuePair> ns)
-
throws URISyntaxException, ClientProtocolException, IOException {
-
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
-
URIBuilder uri = new URIBuilder();
-
uri.setPath(uriPath);
-
uri.addParameters(ns);
-
URI u = uri.build();
-
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(u);
-
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpPost);
-
return EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
-
}
-
-
}
-
-
-
使用方法如下:
-
-
String signUrl= ”路徑“;
-
-
try{
-
List<NameValuePair> nameValuePairs= new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
-
nameValuePairs.add( new BasicNameValuePair("phone",phone));
-
nameValuePairs.add( new BasicNameValuePair("xytId",String.valueOf(xytId)));
-
nameValuePairs.add( new BasicNameValuePair("balance",balance));
-
-
String result=HttpClientObject.sendPost(signUrl,nameValuePairs);
-
logger.info( "result: = "+result);
-
JSONObject jsonObject=JSON.parseObject(result);
-
-
Integer code=Integer.valueOf(jsonObject.getString( "code"));
-
if(code.equals(0)){
-
code1= 0L;
-
} else if(code.equals(1)){
-
code1= 1L;
-
} else if(code.equals(3)){
-
code1= 3L;
-
}
-
} catch(Exception e){
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
}