Centos7上以RPM包方式安裝Oracle 18c XE

Centos7上以RPM包方式安裝Oracle 18c XE

安裝阿里雲 YUM 源

https://opsx.alibaba.com/mirror?lang=zh-CN

一、安裝oracle數據庫

1. 安裝Oracle預安裝RPM

yum -y localinstall https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/latest/x86_64/getPackage/oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

1. 安裝Oracle Database RPM

yum localinstall -y  oracle-database-xe-18c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm

 

二、創建和配置Oracle數據庫

1.查看配置

#根據需要修改

cat  /etc/sysconfig/oracle-xe-18c.conf

 [root@localhost sysconfig]# cat oracle-xe-18c.conf

#This is a configuration file to setup the Oracle Database.

#It is used when running '/etc/init.d/oracle-xe-18c configure'.

# LISTENER PORT used Database listener, Leave empty for automatic port assignment

LISTENER_PORT=1521

# EM_EXPRESS_PORT Oracle EM Express URL port

EM_EXPRESS_PORT=5500

# Character set of the database

CHARSET=AL32UTF8

# Database file directory

# If not specified, database files are stored under Oracle base/oradata

DBFILE_DEST=

# SKIP Validations, memory, space

SKIP_VALIDATIONS=false

2.創建Oracle數據庫實例

執行腳本

/etc/init.d/oracle-xe-18c configure

# 執行腳本之后將創建一個容器數據庫(ROOTCDB)和一個可插拔數據庫(XEPDB1)，並且配置的默認監聽端口是1521。

注意： /opt 目錄剩余空間大小

[root@localhost home]# /etc/init.d/oracle-xe-18c configure

Specify a password to be used for database accounts. Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9]. Note that the same password will be used for SYS, SYSTEM and PDBADMIN accounts:

Confirm the password:

Configuring Oracle Listener.

Listener configuration succeeded.

Configuring Oracle Database XE.

Enter SYS user password:

**********

Enter SYSTEM user password:

**********

Enter PDBADMIN User Password:

**********

Prepare for db operation

7% complete

Copying database files

29% complete

Creating and starting Oracle instance

30% complete

31% complete

34% complete

38% complete

41% complete

43% complete

Completing Database Creation

47% complete

50% complete

Creating Pluggable Databases

54% complete

71% complete

Executing Post Configuration Actions

93% complete

Running Custom Scripts

100% complete

Database creation complete. For details check the logfiles at:

 /opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/XE.

Database Information:

Global Database Name:XE

System Identifier(SID):XE

Look at the log file "/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/XE/XE.log" for further details.

Connect to Oracle Database using one of the connect strings:

     Pluggable database: localhost.localdomain/XEPDB1

     Multitenant container database: localhost.localdomain

Use https://localhost:5500/em to access Oracle Enterprise Manager for Oracle Database XE

[root@localhost home]# echo $?

0

 

三、使用

#作用於/etc/profile 一樣

vi /etc/profile.d/oracle.sh

#!/bin/bash

export ORACLE_SID=XE

export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhomeXE

export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle

export PATH=$PATH:/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhomeXE/bin

#刷新環境變量

source /etc/profile.d/oracle.sh

相關命令

#監聽端口查看

netstat -tunlp | grep -E '1521|5500'

# 監聽

lsnrctl start

lsnrctl stop

lsnrctl stat

# 數據庫

dbstart $ORACLE_HOME

dbshut  $ORACLE_HOME

連接到oracle數據庫

# 切換到 oracle 用戶，root 用戶下無法連接su - oracle

# 啟動監聽

lsnrctl start

# 以 sysdba 身份登錄

sqlplus / as sysdba

修改數據庫密碼

-- 啟動數據庫

startup;

-- 配置 system 和 sys 賬戶的密碼

alter user system identified by abc123456;

alter user sys identified by abc123456;

-- 版本查詢

select banner from sys.v_$version;

-- 查看所有用戶

select username from dba_users;

開放防火牆端口

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=1521/tcp

firewall-cmd --reload

firewall-cmd --list-ports

 

四、添加開機自啟動

 

1.新建環境參數

 

vi /etc/sysconfig/XE.oracledb

 

ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle/oradata
ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhomeXE
ORACLE_SID=XE

 

2.新建監聽服務

 

vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/[e-mail]

 

[Unit]
Description=Oracle Net Listener
After=network.target

 

[Service]
Type=forking
EnvironmentFile=/etc/sysconfig/XE.oracledb
ExecStart=/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhomeXE/bin/lsnrctl start
ExecStop=/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhomeXE/bin/lsnrctl stop
User=oracle

 

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

 

3.新建數據庫服務

 

vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/[e-mail]

 

[Unit]
Description=Oracle Database service
After=network.target lsnrctl.service

 

[Service]
Type=forking
EnvironmentFile=/etc/sysconfig/ORCLCDB.oracledb
ExecStart=/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhomeXE/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME
ExecStop=/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhomeXE/bin/dbshut $ORACLE_HOME
User=oracle

 

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

 

4.設置服務自啟動

 

# 刷新服務
systemctl daemon-reload

 

# 設置開機自啟動
systemctl enable XE@lsnrctl XE@oracledb

 

5.設置數據庫自啟動

 

# 此文件由 root.sh 創建
# 格式為：$ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME:<N|Y>
# 第一個和第二個字段分別是數據庫的系統標識符和主目錄。
第三個字段為是否跟隨 dbstart 命令啟動數據庫實例
# 不允許有相同 $ORACLE_SID 的條目
vi /etc/oratab

 

XE:/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhomeXE:Y