PostgreSQL 引進“分區”表特性，解放了之前采用“表繼承”+ “觸發器”來實現分區表的繁瑣、低效。而添加分區，都是手動執行 SQL。
演示目的：利用 python 來為 PostgreSQL 的表自動添加分區。
python版本： python3+
pip3 install psycopg2
一、配置數據源
database.ini 文件：記錄數據庫連接參數
[adsas]
host=192.168.1.201
database=adsas
user=adsas
password=adsas123
port=5432
[test]
host=192.168.1.202
database=adsas
user=adsas
password=adsas123
port=5432
二、config 腳本
config.py 文件：下面的config() 函數讀取database.ini文件並返回連接參數。config() 函數位於config.py文件中
#!/usr/bin/python3
from configparser import ConfigParser
def config(section ,filename='database.ini'):
# create a parser
parser = ConfigParser()
# read config file
parser.read(filename)
# get section, default to postgresql
db = {}
if parser.has_section(section):
params = parser.items(section)
for param in params:
db[param[0]] = param[1]
else:
raise Exception('Section {0} not found in the {1} file'.format(section, filename))
return db
三、創建子表腳本
pg_add_partition_table.py 文件：其中 create_table函數是創建子表SQL。其中參數
| 參數名 | 含義 |
|---|---|
| db | 指向數據庫 |
| table | 主表 |
| sub_table | 正要新建的子表名 |
| start_date | 范圍分界開始值 |
| end_date | 范圍分界結束值 |
#!/usr/bin/python3
import psycopg2
from config import config
# example: create table tbl_game_android_step_log_2021_07 PARTITION OF tbl_game_android_step_log FOR VALUES FROM ('2021-07-01') TO ('2021-08-01');
def create_table(db, table, sub_table, start_date, end_date):
""" create subtable in the PostgreSQL database"""
command = "create table {0} PARTITION OF {1} FOR VALUES FROM ('{2[0]}') TO ('{2[1]}');".format(sub_table, table, (start_date, end_date))
conn = None
try:
# read the connection parameters
params = config(section = db)
# connect to the PostgreSQL server
conn = psycopg2.connect(**params)
cur = conn.cursor()
# create table one by one
cur.execute(command)
# close communication with the PostgreSQL database server
cur.close()
# commit the changes
conn.commit()
except (Exception, psycopg2.DatabaseError) as error:
print(error)
finally:
if conn is not None:
conn.close()
四、執行文件main.py
main.py：主文件；通過執行main生成分區表。
示例：
#!/usr/bin/python3
import datetime
from datetime import date
from dateutil.relativedelta import *
from pg_add_partition_table import create_table
# Get the 1st day of the next month
def get_next_month_first_day(d):
return date(d.year + (d.month == 12), d.month == 12 or d.month + 1 , 1)
def create_sub_table(db, table):
# Get current date
d1 = date.today()
# Get next month's date
d2 = d1 + relativedelta(months=+1)
# Get the 1st day of the next month;As the starting value of the partitioned table
start_date = get_next_month_first_day(d1)
# Gets the 1st of the next two months as the end value of the partitioned table
end_date = get_next_month_first_day(d2)
# get sub table name
getmonth = datetime.datetime.strftime(d2, '%Y_%m')
sub_table = table + '_' + getmonth
create_table(db, table, sub_table, start_date, end_date)
if __name__ == '__main__':
create_sub_table('test', 'tbl_game_android_step_log');
上面示例單獨為表tbl_game_android_step_log；創建分區；若多個表；用for語句處理
# 多表操作
for table in ['tbl_game_android_step_log', 'tbl_game_android_game_log','tbl_game_android_pay_log']:
create_sub_table('test', table);
演示之前：
adsas=> select * from pg_partition_tree('tbl_game_android_step_log');
relid | parentrelid | isleaf | level
-----------------------------------+---------------------------+--------+-------
tbl_game_android_step_log | | f | 0
tbl_game_android_step_log_2020_12 | tbl_game_android_step_log | t | 1
(2 rows)
演示之后：
adsas=> select * from pg_partition_tree('tbl_game_android_step_log');
relid | parentrelid | isleaf | level
-----------------------------------+---------------------------+--------+-------
tbl_game_android_step_log | | f | 0
tbl_game_android_step_log_2020_12 | tbl_game_android_step_log | t | 1
tbl_game_android_step_log_2021_01 | tbl_game_android_step_log | t | 1
Partition key: RANGE (visit_time)
Partitions: tbl_game_android_step_log_2020_12 FOR VALUES FROM ('2020-12-01 00:00:00') TO ('2021-01-01 00:00:00'),
tbl_game_android_step_log_2021_01 FOR VALUES FROM ('2021-01-01 00:00:00') TO ('2021-02-01 00:00:00')
五、加入定時任務
N/A