CA認證中心簡述 轉自 大魔王 https://www.cnblogs.com/bigdevilking/p/9434444.html

CA ：CertificateAuthority的縮寫，通常翻譯成認證權威或者認證中心，主要用途是為用戶發放數字證書

功能：證書發放、證書更新、證書撤銷和證書驗證。

作用：身份認證，數據的不可否認性

端口：443

證書請求文件:CSR是Cerificate Signing Request的英文縮寫，即證書請求文件，也就是證書申請者在申請數字證書時由CSP(加密服務提供者)在生成私鑰的同時也生成證書請求文件，證書申請者只要把CSR文件提交給證書頒發機構后，證書頒發機構使用其根證書的私鑰簽名就生成了證書文件，也就是頒發給用戶的證書

一：搭建CA認證中心

配置一個自己的CA認證中心

[root@ca ~]# vim /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf +172 
basicConstraints=CA:FALSE 　　# 把FALSE改成TRUE 把本機變成CA認證中心

配置認證中心，生成私鑰與根證書

[root@ca ~]# /etc/pki/tls/misc/CA -newca

這里配置了CA認證中心 ，在里面就生成了CA認證根證書的私鑰 ，在配置完結束之后 ，就會生成一個根證書，這個根證書中有這證書的公鑰

到此CA認證中心就搭建好了

查看生成的CA根證書 ：

[root@ca ~]# vim /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem
Certificate:
    Data:
        Version: 3 (0x2)
        Serial Number:
            d5:bc:ed:54:bb:7c:a9:3b
    Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
        Issuer: C=CN, ST=beijing, O=IT, OU=IT-OPS, CN=damowang.cn/emailAddress=damowang.cn@gmail.com
       # 上面是CA認證中心信息
　　　　 Validity　　
            Not Before: Aug  6 14:53:14 2018 GMT
            Not After : Aug  5 14:53:14 2021 GMT
        Subject: C=CN, ST=beijing, O=IT, OU=IT-OPS, CN=damowang.cn/emailAddress=damowang.cn@gmail.com
Subject Public Key Info:　　# CA認證中心公鑰信息
            Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
                Public-Key: (2048 bit)
                Modulus:
                    00:bc:f2:4e:b3:ac:cf:ec:c7:6c:9a:7f:25:8f:ab:
                    bc:b0:2f:b6:36:a7:cd:26:82:a6:47:f3:92:3a:88:
                    8c:d5:88:44:3a:94:27:da:9f:ae:5d:b0:c1:34:3e:
                    8f:9e:37:10:2b:65:b5:40:d3:8e:c0:de:54:7d:e2:
                    24:15:07:6c:bf:b2:21:dc:16:30:b0:a5:2e:54:a4:
                    43:86:68:00:6e:df:f7:8e:3a:d5:ab:df:cb:5b:23:                            
                    ee:a4:e9:e6:6c:ae:97:70:d2:a0:08:db:b7:17:23:
                    f5:0e:30:3f:8c:a6:e8:08:5b:a1:01:da:1a:ec:18:
                    18:31:51:10:14:9e:dd:f0:3e:72:ea:a1:ff:54:47:
                    c0:b1:03:30:5f:38:6e:31:c4:8d:e5:a2:b4:32:ff:
                    6d:b3:2b:db:60:42:fa:a6:72:d5:72:ec:ba:18:d4:
                    f3:40:72:e9:16:c0:ba:f4:5b:20:e5:f5:f7:85:52:
                    dc:01:bc:61:6b:2b:0e:40:39:84:45:3c:2a:37:a0:
                    69:38:92:77:af:ee:76:d5:3b:70:cc:34:cd:b2:ab:
                    fa:79:5d:78:eb:8a:e5:3c:94:a2:3b:e3:8b:d0:97:
                    6e:54:85:0d:dd:6b:12:e4:75:82:5d:bc:16:da:4b:
                    4f:d2:c8:66:76:c6:c3:b8:b5:eb:e3:ff:69:f5:95:
                    60:ed
                Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
        X509v3 extensions:
            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
                89:51:C9:B3:C1:BF:F9:4D:D4:51:73:BC:9B:A5:C0:CC:6B:D9:5D:BD
            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
                keyid:89:51:C9:B3:C1:BF:F9:4D:D4:51:73:BC:9B:A5:C0:CC:6B:D9:5D:BD

            X509v3 Basic Constraints:
                CA:TRUE
    Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
         90:f7:14:3b:32:31:62:88:2e:ad:f6:af:27:4c:8b:52:ac:03:
         98:8d:47:8b:48:6a:b8:1e:60:b0:5d:c1:ee:d2:c6:a6:1e:57:
         4d:64:b6:65:2e:c3:81:a4:f0:f9:9e:d4:2f:c2:39:18:83:5e:
         b3:70:84:91:b4:93:1f:3d:cb:d7:2f:f8:76:6e:a5:8a:e6:f6:
         8f:00:aa:4b:9a:84:b5:0e:db:52:19:0b:8a:9b:2b:59:6d:20:
         c0:42:8f:cd:85:85:09:78:d5:4f:4f:8e:eb:7a:23:2c:03:59:
         8e:36:1c:11:3a:e8:26:b4:2e:45:4a:a4:45:1a:50:8d:17:d9:
         b5:6e:66:87:66:99:36:71:48:a4:ac:1b:68:dd:39:14:6f:8b:
         a9:ff:d4:d2:7e:9c:8f:4a:c7:40:e7:13:2b:32:89:88:5f:83:
         6c:98:2d:b5:a7:1d:0c:f1:a2:d8:93:2c:70:84:00:3c:01:9c:
         20:d4:1a:d1:7b:a3:7f:f6:66:77:e3:27:f1:7e:43:54:af:90:
         2b:87:6d:cb:af:d0:43:ad:e4:80:1c:ee:b9:22:d8:74:38:24:
         7b:30:ba:11:ac:14:f1:02:c0:12:2e:16:53:dd:95:7b:58:8f:
         52:74:38:66:b3:a4:20:70:b9:27:ef:0b:49:7f:26:95:bf:2f:
         63:01:9b:d6
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----                                       

查看根證書的私鑰 :

[root@ca ~]# vim /etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem    # CA認證下根證書的私鑰
-----BEGIN ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY-----                                                        
MIIFDjBABgkqhkiG9w0BBQ0wMzAbBgkqhkiG9w0BBQwwDgQInT7FONSpFscCAggA
MBQGCCqGSIb3DQMHBAi1VvUPV2DgKwSCBMjHCgsNdj+BrCSvkFaHtX6iGaitR7WJ
bBEWrarlcGGVdAHYW6Hwpb548FXXLhXagTcU1gj6EP8ylJ5+ZsQtXM6B/HlzX+c6
TKTdS4QBotFUqb2BRZkN0Une4k17RxDNW6Por4OEEk4hs6xpr0up5ihV5L2H3JWw
Q+9zL8SUflXBXOsrdPFKzs5iE8u7zJgff1xR9W11IEXBs3ScqRQ6iuFJjebAam+7
BkHkpXeV0hOp7BjjJKMUg9wUAy7ar7kVJnGR5rq5FAD1r786J01jmc6V+yRkiL8g
l6wrTOyVvunt+9qc+f7YkjwN9TZ1Fb4pTCIjbtziKmkrHKy/xQX3hMICgQbwMuFz
/QlOWBrBTv14nyZpfg3UlFo1PacAG7l5prLO34K/6KqnvVSMFRw0m513eWVs5FUf
2DVjIqDhBVxnxRaX+S+FWjoGsptXpXNKExqhlGkbv/bZqLbBA0crotXKgG1I7qqI
zSrKKynqjf1MUF7z2bt4AsAdpJgdRRT94+lKRxqrnCVnhF76KXEpAO98DNLVHMk9
xRI7xTKv32GnSgE5YraYBLoCXrhGoqM/6eMy70mAWleRE6JId/9ZiPQO23cme8rJ
zzjAFgH9AtewXc4crG2yfVtqZ0pxJBfY9b20E730x5enIOjNEQ1cWAT4yk0KkliJ
dv4lq9xwBQnvsPIs3hAI4JEDMrf+VQohhZ/EO5puAoSopAKppdJAq8Mt5RuXgEqT
n3sd1WV6i/Crszvyjdhsdpms3HECpV2FDQyheGN1Ms7Evl4+T2LMjQSvimLRaM4G
kxg+a/AqGgmTkxXh5mOAO4/jhNIr/xFTA6FjlEtzVMbqBOFFmWnOlmbr6Ik/iDxn
AD2Ebqeoyj3t/q+najLHFBANOtboOISgCQFWqgIWNW5W2wdCTHVDqf/18v2eMKXo
IYiNV3IwuzzXud2iFAsLnx1i136BwPXJr0Q2BxfI5k9+7JcPVKvtf8rzjes1a89j
cnbepAepeHXCm8JFAQIFrWJI5FaInXf+kTlr/HrFlI7XxNTk49EugAq702EE75rZ
EAenZrEj0dV4uOay+p+ay3mK6774FO5RxM6oZWzjbmydtTcXjrqqRqJn5WDjREfB
XrsQnCbMPoHaCrrUpZOIyZJu6wNgAdiXI0CkPfWBAXHireBMzmS6iICE3C5dZ3k+
XoXiglggCuGw4M/cIdOOOPKFetrMe541k6w+p1ZQrK1jxJfKOb7xaR1a4CBzLh5s
amt6sDqr2AR60e7uBpr8R2FKmKtj8AVVL4UZFvxiU532vMB4zWjsvjluXdCXTzzp
Wzzw6TXs+pQvYRnJNqqTu6tUZtmZiA+RFlfmyi0wfV5MbL6UOE4SNQuMJCFGiXE4
gj2zKhb4jP/zgDEeppaE/RqAQ14zu0keTEp8srnZUrMakcBjSrX6mSdHddjtHOHJ
k2bjsGJp7Iakx5H90UAQ4J5sgQ2cejpgTPpnEeLaij6iKz7Do4+IC5Lk8KkDsCYn
VuMtxid3J8MTmTkRdpJCRK6KJNtf23AS1Uovxvek7Yg67PtKiAI55uXfLXdvxdfH
DpT+LpxGGi1dYB7Y2kA61H8d3tFLcs8istSezdlTwVY6e+aE2Q6B+BOINECGRCSY
jCM=
-----END ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY-----

二：使用證書搭建https

1、安裝httpd :

[root@client ~]# yum -y install httpd
[root@client ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 
// 把 #ServerName www.example.com:80 改成 ServerName 192.168.94.111:80
[root@client ~]# systemctl start httpd

 2、client 生成證書請求文件

生一個私鑰密鑰 ：

[root@client ~]# openssl genrsa -des3 -out /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.key

生成請求文件 :

[root@client ~]# openssl req -new -key /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.key -out /server.csr    
# 注意后期添加的國家，省，城市等信息要和CA保持一致

3、將證書請求文件發給CA服務器：

[root@client ~]# scp /server.csr 192.168.94.22:/tmp/

4、CA認證中心進行CA簽名

[root@ca ~]#  openssl ca -keyfile /etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem -cert /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem -in /tmp/server.csr -out /server.crt

這里的認證中心進行的簽名是用自己的私鑰進行簽名

5、CA認證中心進行頒發證書

在頒發之前，CA認證中心會使用自己的公鑰進行加密

[root@ca ~]# scp /server.crt 192.168.94.111:/

三：使用證書實現https

SSL：(Secure Socket Layer)安全套接字層，通過一種機制在互聯網上提供密鑰傳輸 其主要目標是保證兩個應用間通信數據的保密性和可靠性,可在服務器端和用戶端同時支持的一種加密算法 目前主流版本SSLV2、SSLV3(常用）。

SSL四次握手安全傳輸：

加密協議： SSL 3.0 或 TLS 1.0

C -------------------------------------------------> S  1. 請求一個安全的會話，協商算法

C <------------------------------------------------- S  2. 將自己Server端的證書給客戶端，證書中包括了64自己的公鑰

C -------------------------------------------------> S  3. 客戶端用瀏覽器中存放CA的根證書檢測client證書，如果對，使用CA根證書中的公鑰解密 得到CA的公鑰； 然后生成一把對稱的加密密鑰,用client的公鑰加密這個密鑰發給CA , 后期使用對稱密鑰加密數據

C <------------------------------------------------> S  4.client使用私鑰解密，得到對稱的加密密鑰然后，使用對稱加密密鑰來進行安全快速傳輸數據

 

1、配置HTTPSweb服務器

[root@client ~]# yum -y install mod_ssl    # 安裝SSL模塊
[root@client ~]# cp /server.crt /etc/httpd/conf.d/    # 復制證書
[root@client ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf
# SSLCertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/localhost.crt 把路徑改成/etc/httpd/conf.d/server.crt
# SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/localhost.key 把路徑改成/etc/httpd/conf.d/server.key
[root@client ~]# systemctl restart httpd
Enter SSL pass phrase for 192.168.94.111:443 (RSA) : ******   # 私鑰密碼 

測試 :

[root@client ~]# netstat -antup | grep 443
tcp6       0      0 :::443                  :::*                    LISTEN      1634/httpd   

訪問https://192.168.94.111

到這就已經認證成功了 但是沒有被信任

查看一下證書

因為之前填寫Common Name 是www.damowang.cn的域名 

修改物理機hosts文件

192.168.94.111 www.damowang.cn 

重新用域名訪問應該就可以被信任了