轉Android service 啟動篇之 startForegroundService


前言:

在官方文檔 Android 8.0 行為變更 中有這樣一段話:

Android 8.0 有一項復雜功能;系統不允許后台應用創建后台服務。 因此,Android 8.0 引入了一種全新的方法,即 Context.startForegroundService(),以在前台啟動新服務。

在系統創建服務后,應用有五秒的時間來調用該服務的 startForeground() 方法以顯示新服務的用戶可見通知。

如果應用在此時間限制內調用 startForeground(),則系統將停止服務並聲明此應用為 ANR

 

Android service 啟動篇之 startService 中對整個start 過程進行了梳理,其中startService 和startForegroundService 最終調用調用的接口時一樣的,只是其中要求foreground 啟動service。基於上一篇博文,這里對於前台服務進行詳細的解析。

 

1 startServiceLocked

流程同Android service 啟動篇之 startService ,最終調用接口為ActivieServices 中startServiceLocked:

        r.lastActivity = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
        r.startRequested = true;
        r.delayedStop = false;
        r.fgRequired = fgRequired;
        r.pendingStarts.add(new ServiceRecord.StartItem(r, false, r.makeNextStartId(),
                service, neededGrants, callingUid));

初始化ServiceRecord,其中fgRequired 為true。

然后將需要start 的service 添加到pendingStarts 中,Android service 啟動篇之 startService 中知道最后會在bringUpServiceLocked的函數中進行最終啟動。

 

對於前台服務 sendServiceArgsLocked() 函數中會拉起一個timeout,時長為 5 秒,也就是說5s 后會拋出ANR的異常。

詳細看下面第 4 點

 

從這里我們知道在Context.startForegroundService() 之后必須要調用Service.startForeground,也就是說在foreground 的啟動接口調用后的 5 秒內必須要在service 中調用startForeground() 接口來解除timeout。

 

2 startFroeground

來看下是否是這樣設計的,來看下startFroeground():

    public final void startForeground(int id, Notification notification) {
        try {
            mActivityManager.setServiceForeground(
                    new ComponentName(this, mClassName), mToken, id,
                    notification, 0);
        } catch (RemoteException ex) {
        }
    }

在函數的上面有段注釋:

     * @param id The identifier for this notification as per
     * {@link NotificationManager#notify(int, Notification)
     * NotificationManager.notify(int, Notification)}; must not be 0.
     * @param notification The Notification to be displayed.
     * 
     * @see #stopForeground(boolean)
     */

一共 5 個參數,其中id 和notification 是需要通過service 傳入的。id 是用於notification notify 使用。

 

3 setServiceForegroundInnerLocked

3.1 取消timeout

接着來看AMS 中的接口,最終調用的是ActiveServices 中的setServiceForegroundInnerLocked():

            if (r.fgRequired) {
                if (DEBUG_SERVICE || DEBUG_BACKGROUND_CHECK) {
                    Slog.i(TAG, "Service called startForeground() as required: " + r);
                }
                r.fgRequired = false;
                r.fgWaiting = false;
                mAm.mHandler.removeMessages(
                        ActivityManagerService.SERVICE_FOREGROUND_TIMEOUT_MSG, r);
            }

fgRequired 在這里會被置成false,意味了這個請求已經被安全處理。

這里看到會取消掉foreground 的timeout,但是,前提條件是:

        if (id != 0) {
            if (notification == null) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("null notification");
            }

要求startFroeground() 中的id 不能為0,而且notification不能為null。

 

注意:

上面提到sendServiceArgsLocked() 的時候會schedule 一個timeout,時長為5秒,5秒過了之后會出現ANR。那需要注意的是函數sendServiceArgsLocked() 是在onCreate() 之后,並且是在onStartCommand() 之前調用的,這就給了我們取消的空間。雖然說都是異步的操作,但是為了正常流程考慮,一般會將startFroeground() 加到onStartCommand() 中執行。

 

3.2 隱藏notification

            if (r.foregroundId != id) {
                cancelForegroundNotificationLocked(r);
                r.foregroundId = id;
            }

code 中在foreground 的id 發生變化的時候,會將原來的notification 隱藏掉。

那有種可能,有可能兩個service 公用一個notification,這個時候不需要將notification cancel。

    private void cancelForegroundNotificationLocked(ServiceRecord r) {
        if (r.foregroundId != 0) {
            // First check to see if this app has any other active foreground services
            // with the same notification ID.  If so, we shouldn't actually cancel it,
            // because that would wipe away the notification that still needs to be shown
            // due the other service.
            ServiceMap sm = getServiceMapLocked(r.userId);
            if (sm != null) {
                for (int i = sm.mServicesByName.size()-1; i >= 0; i--) {
                    ServiceRecord other = sm.mServicesByName.valueAt(i);
                    if (other != r && other.foregroundId == r.foregroundId
                            && other.packageName.equals(r.packageName)) {
                        // Found one!  Abort the cancel.
                        return;
                    }
                }
            }
            r.cancelNotification();
        }
    }

 

3.3 將service 設為前台服務

    if (!r.isForeground) {
        final ServiceMap smap = getServiceMapLocked(r.userId);
        if (smap != null) {
            ActiveForegroundApp active = smap.mActiveForegroundApps.get(r.packageName);
            if (active == null) {
                active = new ActiveForegroundApp();
                active.mPackageName = r.packageName;
                active.mUid = r.appInfo.uid;
                active.mShownWhileScreenOn = mScreenOn;
                if (r.app != null) {
                    active.mAppOnTop = active.mShownWhileTop =
                            r.app.uidRecord.curProcState
                                    <= ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_TOP;
                }
                active.mStartTime = active.mStartVisibleTime
                        = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
                smap.mActiveForegroundApps.put(r.packageName, active);
                requestUpdateActiveForegroundAppsLocked(smap, 0);
            }
            active.mNumActive++;
        }
        r.isForeground = true;
    }

 

4 異常處理

4.1 ANR

上面已經說過,如果在 5 秒內沒有調用startForeground(),timeout 就會觸發,會報出ANR:

    void serviceForegroundTimeout(ServiceRecord r) {
        ProcessRecord app;
        synchronized (mAm) {
            if (!r.fgRequired || r.destroying) {
                return;
            }

            if (DEBUG_BACKGROUND_CHECK) {
                Slog.i(TAG, "Service foreground-required timeout for " + r);
            }
            app = r.app;
            r.fgWaiting = false;
            stopServiceLocked(r);
        }

        if (app != null) {
            mAm.mAppErrors.appNotResponding(app, null, null, false,
                    "Context.startForegroundService() did not then call Service.startForeground()");
        }
    }

log 如下:

11-06 02:01:59.616  3877  3893 E ActivityManager: ANR in com.shift.phonemanager.permission.accesslog
11-06 02:01:59.616  3877  3893 E ActivityManager: PID: 1369
11-06 02:01:59.616  3877  3893 E ActivityManager: Reason: Context.startForegroundService() did not then call Service.startForeground()
11-06 02:01:59.616  3877  3893 E ActivityManager: Load: 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0
11-06 02:01:59.616  3877  3893 E ActivityManager: CPU usage from 7945ms to 0ms ago (2007-11-06 02:01:51.418 to 2007-11-06 02:01:59.363):
11-06 02:01:59.616  3877  3893 E ActivityManager:   60% 3877/system_server: 35% user + 25% kernel / faults: 3744 minor 6 major
11-06 02:01:59.616  3877  3893 E ActivityManager:   25% 1042/com.android.launcher3: 20% user + 4.9% kernel / faults: 11190 minor 9 major
11-06 02:01:59.616  3877  3893 E ActivityManager:   18% 1149/android.process.media: 13% user + 5.3% kernel / faults: 6130 minor
11-06 02:01:59.616  3877  3893 E ActivityManager:   15% 1420/adbd: 3.6% user + 11% kernel / faults: 5074 minor
11-06 02:01:59.616  3877  3893 E ActivityManager:   9.7% 255/logd: 2.7% user + 6.9% kernel / faults: 5 minor
11-06 02:01:59.616  3877  3893 E ActivityManager:   9.2% 3814/surfaceflinger: 4.4% user + 4.8% kernel / faults: 658 minor

 

4.2 crash

上面看到如果timeout 觸發,會報出ANR,但是code 中也有另外一個地方限制,要求service 一旦startForegroundService() 啟動,必須要在service 中startForeground(),如果在這之前stop 或stopSelf,那就會用crash 來代替ANR。

詳細看bringDownServiceLocked()。

        if (r.fgRequired) {
            Slog.w(TAG_SERVICE, "Bringing down service while still waiting for start foreground: "
                    + r);
            r.fgRequired = false;
            r.fgWaiting = false;
            mAm.mHandler.removeMessages(
                    ActivityManagerService.SERVICE_FOREGROUND_TIMEOUT_MSG, r);
            if (r.app != null) {
                Message msg = mAm.mHandler.obtainMessage(
                        ActivityManagerService.SERVICE_FOREGROUND_CRASH_MSG);
                msg.obj = r.app;
                mAm.mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
            }
        }

這里的r.fgRequired 必須要處理掉,不然stop 的時候會觸發bringDown,然后會將timeout 的remove,換成了crash。

log 如下:

--------- beginning of crash
11-06 02:06:05.307  3106  3106 E AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
11-06 02:06:05.307  3106  3106 E AndroidRuntime: Process: com.shift.phonemanager.permission.accesslog, PID: 3106
11-06 02:06:05.307  3106  3106 E AndroidRuntime: android.app.RemoteServiceException: Context.startForegroundService() did not then call Service.startForeground()
11-06 02:06:05.307  3106  3106 E AndroidRuntime: 	at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1771)
11-06 02:06:05.307  3106  3106 E AndroidRuntime: 	at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:106)
11-06 02:06:05.307  3106  3106 E AndroidRuntime: 	at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:164)
11-06 02:06:05.307  3106  3106 E AndroidRuntime: 	at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6518)
11-06 02:06:05.307  3106  3106 E AndroidRuntime: 	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
11-06 02:06:05.307  3106  3106 E AndroidRuntime: 	at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:438)
11-06 02:06:05.307  3106  3106 E AndroidRuntime: 	at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:807)
11-06 02:06:05.320  3118  3118 D ExtensionsFactory: No custom extensions.

 

5 總結

  • 8.0 以后不希望后台應用運行后台服務,除非特殊條件
  • 一旦通過startForegroundService() 啟動前台服務,必須在service 中有startForeground() 配套,不然會出現ANR 或者crash
  • startForeground() 中的id 和notification 不能為0 和 null


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