NFS：網絡文件系統
NFS：實現兩台linux主機之間文件共享
文件共享：一台主機的指定目錄可以掛在至另一台主機的特定目錄，實現文件的編輯、查看等
NFS：相對於samba部署簡單
NFS服務模式：服務器端/客戶端
下面實驗中PC1為服務器端，IP為192.168.10.10； PC2為客戶機端，IP為192.168.10.20。
1、在PC1服務器端安裝NFS
[root@PC1 ~]# yum install nfs-utils -y Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, subscription-manager This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. rhel7 | 4.1 kB 00:00 Package 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version Nothing to do ## 默認已經安裝
2、在PC1服務器端清空防火牆策略
[root@PC1 ~]# iptables -F [root@PC1 ~]# service iptables save iptables: Saving firewall rules to /etc/sysconfig/iptables:[ OK ]
3、在PC1服務器端創建共享目錄，並給與足夠的權限
[root@PC1 ~]# mkdir /pc1share [root@PC1 ~]# chmod -R 777 /pc1share/ [root@PC1 pc1share]# echo 'i am pc1' > pc1.txt
4、 在PC1服務器端修改NFS配置文件
[root@PC1 ~]# vim /etc/exports /pc1share 192.168.10.*(rw,sync,root_squash) ## 定義共享目錄，針對的IP范圍，讀寫權限，數據同步，NFS用戶映射為匿名用戶
5、在PC1服務器端啟動RPC服務（遠程過程調用？），NFS服務
[root@PC1 ~]# systemctl restart rpcbind.service [root@PC1 ~]# systemctl enable rpcbind [root@PC1 ~]# systemctl restart nfs-server [root@PC1 ~]# systemctl enable nfs-server.service ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/nfs-server.service' '/etc/systemd/system/nfs.target.wants/nfs-server.service' [root@PC1 ~]# systemctl status nfs nfs-server.service - NFS Server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nfs-server.service; enabled) Active: active (exited) since Wed 2020-12-16 01:18:53 CST; 29s ago Main PID: 4156 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) CGroup: /system.slice/nfs-server.service Dec 16 01:18:53 PC1 systemd[1]: Starting NFS Server... Dec 16 01:18:53 PC1 systemd[1]: Started NFS Server.
6、在PC2客戶機端測試與PC1主機的連通性
[root@PC2 Desktop]# ifconfig | head -n 3 eno16777728: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.10.20 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.10.255 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe25:bb3e prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> [root@PC2 Desktop]# ping -c 3 192.168.10.10 PING 192.168.10.10 (192.168.10.10) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.10.10: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.207 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.10.10: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.231 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.10.10: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.208 ms --- 192.168.10.10 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2000ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.207/0.215/0.231/0.016 ms
7、在PC2客戶端查看PC1服務器的共享信息
[root@PC2 Desktop]# showmount -e 192.168.10.10 Export list for 192.168.10.10: /pc1share 192.168.10.*
8、在PC2客戶機端創建掛載點
[root@PC2 Desktop]# mkdir /pc2dir
9、在PC2客戶機端修改開機自動掛載文件
[root@PC2 Desktop]# vim /etc/fstab # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Wed Dec 2 16:46:09 2020 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # /dev/mapper/rhel-root / xfs defaults 1 1 UUID=5cc50fd7-fef7-4902-a0f6-d583b437954d /boot xfs defaults 1 2
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
192.168.10.10:/pc1share /pc2dir nfs defaults 0 0
10、在PC2客戶機端掛載
[root@PC2 Desktop]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/rhel-root 18G 2.9G 15G 17% / devtmpfs 985M 0 985M 0% /dev tmpfs 994M 80K 994M 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 994M 8.8M 986M 1% /run tmpfs 994M 0 994M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 497M 119M 379M 24% /boot [root@PC2 Desktop]# mount -a [root@PC2 Desktop]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/rhel-root 18G 2.9G 15G 17% / devtmpfs 985M 0 985M 0% /dev tmpfs 994M 80K 994M 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 994M 8.8M 986M 1% /run tmpfs 994M 0 994M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 497M 119M 379M 24% /boot 192.168.10.10:/pc1share 18G 3.0G 15G 17% /pc2dir
11、驗證
[root@PC2 Desktop]# cd /pc2dir/ [root@PC2 pc2dir]# ls pc1.txt [root@PC2 pc2dir]# cat pc1.txt i am pc1 [root@PC2 pc2dir]# echo 'i am pc2' > pc2.txt
[root@PC1 pc1share]# pwd /pc1share [root@PC1 pc1share]# ls pc1.txt pc2.txt [root@PC1 pc1share]# cat pc2.txt i am pc2
以上實驗實現了部署NFS在兩台linux主機之間進行文件共享，配置較samba服務簡單。