參考教程:https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/
環境
- virtual box 6.1
- centos 7.8
- docker 19.03
COPY
COPY has two forms:
COPY 指令有兩種格式
COPY [--chown=<user>:<group>] <src>... <dest>
COPY [--chown=<user>:<group>] ["<src>",... "<dest>"]
This latter form is required for paths containing whitespace
包含空格的路徑需要后一種形式
The COPY
instruction copies new files or directories from <src>
and adds them to the filesystem of the container at the path <dest>
.
COPY 指令從 <src>
復制新文件或目錄,並將它們添加到容器的文件系統中,路徑為 <dest>
。
Multiple <src>
resources may be specified but the paths of files and directories will be interpreted as relative to the source of the context of the build.
可以指定多個 <src>
資源,但是文件和目錄的路徑將被解釋為相對於構建上下文。
Each <src>
may contain wildcards and matching will be done using Go’s filepath.Match rules. For example:
每個 <src>
可能包含通配符,並且匹配將使用 Go 的 filepath.Match 規則進行。例如:
To add all files starting with “hom”:
要添加所有以 “hom” 開頭的文件:
COPY hom* /mydir/
In the example below, ?
is replaced with any single character, e.g., “home.txt”.
在下面的示例中,?
被替換為任何單個字符,例如 “home.txt”。
COPY hom?.txt /mydir/
The <dest>
is an absolute path, or a path relative to WORKDIR
, into which the source will be copied inside the destination container.
<dest>
是絕對路徑,或者是相對於 WORKDIR
的路徑,源將被復制到目標容器內。
The example below uses a relative path, and adds “test.txt” to <WORKDIR>/relativeDir/
:
下面的示例使用相對路徑,並將 “test.txt” 添加到 <WORKDIR>/relativeDir/
:
COPY test.txt relativeDir/
Whereas this example uses an absolute path, and adds “test.txt” to /absoluteDir/
而此示例使用了絕對路徑,並將 “test.txt” 添加到 /absoluteDir/
中
COPY test.txt /absoluteDir/
When copying files or directories that contain special characters (such as [
and ]
), you need to escape those paths following the Golang rules to prevent them from being treated as a matching pattern. For example, to copy a file named arr[0].txt
, use the following;
在添加包含特殊字符(例如 [
和 ]
)的文件或目錄時,您需要按照 Golang 規則轉義那些路徑,以防止將它們視為匹配模式。例如,要添加名為 arr[0].txt
的文件,請使用以下命令;
COPY arr[[]0].txt /mydir/
Note
If you build using STDIN (
docker build - < somefile
), there is no build context, soCOPY
can’t be used.
注意
如果您使用 STDIN 進行構建(
docker build - < somefile
),則沒有構建上下文,因此無法使用COPY
。
Optionally COPY
accepts a flag --from=<name>
that can be used to set the source location to a previous build stage (created with FROM .. AS <name>
) that will be used instead of a build context sent by the user. In case a build stage with a specified name can’t be found an image with the same name is attempted to be used instead.
可選地,COPY
接受一個標志 --from=<name>
,該標志可用於將源位置設置為先前的構建階段(由 FROM .. AS <name>
創建),該標志將代替構建用戶發送的上下文。如果找不到具有指定名稱的構建階段,則嘗試改用具有相同名稱的鏡像。
COPY
obeys the following rules:
COPY
遵守以下規則:
-
The
<src>
path must be inside the context of the build; you cannotCOPY ../something /something
, because the first step of adocker build
is to send the context directory (and subdirectories) to the docker daemon. -
<src>
路徑必須在構建的上下文內部;您不能執行COPY ../something /something
,因為docker build
的第一步是將上下文目錄(和子目錄)發送到 docker 守護進程。 -
If
<src>
is a directory, the entire contents of the directory are copied, including filesystem metadata. -
如果
<src>
是目錄,則復制目錄的整個內容,包括文件系統元數據。
Note
The directory itself is not copied, just its contents.
注意
目錄本身不會被復制,只是其內容被復制。
-
If
<src>
is any other kind of file, it is copied individually along with its metadata. In this case, if<dest>
ends with a trailing slash/
, it will be considered a directory and the contents of<src>
will be written at<dest>/base(<src>)
. -
如果
<src>
是任何其他類型的文件,則會將其及其元數據一起單獨復制。在這種情況下,如果<dest>
以尾斜杠/
結尾,則它將被視為目錄,並且<src>
的內容將被寫在<dest>/base(<src>)
中。 -
If multiple
<src>
resources are specified, either directly or due to the use of a wildcard, then<dest>
must be a directory, and it must end with a slash/
. -
如果直接或由於使用通配符而指定了多個
<src>
資源,則<dest>
必須是目錄,並且必須以斜杠/
結束。 -
If
<dest>
does not end with a trailing slash, it will be considered a regular file and the contents of<src>
will be written at<dest>
. -
如果
<dest>
不以斜杠結尾,則將其視為常規文件,並且<src>
的內容將被寫入<dest>
。 -
If
<dest>
doesn’t exist, it is created along with all missing directories in its path. -
如果
<dest>
不存在,則會與路徑中所有缺少的目錄一起創建它。
Note
The first encountered
COPY
instruction will invalidate the cache for all following instructions from the Dockerfile if the contents of<src>
have changed. This includes invalidating the cache forRUN
instructions. See theDockerfile
Best Practices guide – Leverage build cache for more information.
注意
如果
<src>
的內容已更改,則遇到的第一個COPY
指令將使 Dockerfile 中所有以下指令的緩存無效。這包括使RUN
指令的高速緩存無效。有關更多信息,請參見 Dockerfile 最佳實踐指南-利用構建緩存。
示例
Dockerfile 文件
FROM busybox
COPY text2.txt /text2/
構建結果
[root@master env]# docker build -t jiangbo:0.0.1 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.584kB
Step 1/2 : FROM busybox
---> dc3bacd8b5ea
Step 2/2 : COPY text2.txt /text2/
---> 072721a4c4d8
Successfully built 072721a4c4d8
Successfully tagged jiangbo:0.0.1
查看結果
[root@master env]# docker run -it jiangbo:0.0.1
/ # ls
bin dev etc home proc root sys text2 tmp usr var
/ # ls t
text2/ tmp/
/ # ls text2/
text2.txt
/ #
總結
介紹了 Dockerfile 中 COPY 指令的使用。