Percona XtraBackup 8.0安裝
Percona XtraBackup 8.0 針對MySQL8.0, XtraBackup 2.4繼續支持MySQL 5.6 和 5.7。
移除了innobackupex命令；由於新的MySQL重做日志和數據字典格式，8.0版本只支持mysql8.0和percona8.0；早於mysql8.0的版本需要使用xtrabackup2.4備份和恢復.
我們應該特別小心，這個xtrabackup version 運行的基礎是MySQL server 8.0.13。如果，MySQL的版本是之前的版本，在恢復階段會報錯：
xtrabackup: Error: cannot open file './xtrabackup_tablespaces'xtrabackup: Error: failed to load tablespaces list.
It is possible that the backup was created by Percona XtraBackup 2.4 or earlier version. Please use the same XtraBackup version to restore.
wget https://www.percona.com/downloads/XtraBackup/Percona-XtraBackup-8.0.4/binary/redhat/7/x86_64/percona-xtrabackup-80-8.0.4-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
yum localinstall percona-xtrabackup-80-8.0.4-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -qa | grep -i xtrabackup
xtrabackup --version
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#percona xtrabackup8.0.4備份恢復mysql8.0.12
mkdir -p /backup/mysql/data
mkdir -p /backup/mysql/datainc
一、全備
#target-dir指定備份目錄,mysql8.0不支持percona-xtrabackup-24
xtrabackup --defaults-file=/data/mysqldata/3306/my.cnf --user=root --password=oracle --backup --target-dir=/backup/mysql/data
#或者使用參數--datadir替換掉參數--defaults-file.
rm -rf /backup/mysql/*
#xtrabackup --host=localhost --user=root --password=oracle --port=3306 --datadir=/data/mysqldata/3306/data/ --backup --target-dir=/backup/mysql/data
mysql -uroot -poracle
show databases;
flush logs;
create database test1 character set utf8;
create table test1.t1(id int,name varchar(200));
insert into test1.t1 select 1,'n1';
select * from test1.t1;
#從事件中重構偽sql語句，-vv顯示字段的元數據注釋信息，-v不顯示注釋信息
mysqlbinlog mysqlmaster-bin.000034 -vv
-----------------------------------
#通過binlog恢復到某個時間點
#准備備份集：
innobackupex --apply-log /apps/backup/xtrabackup_20160517010001
innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my3306.cnf --copy-back /apps/backup/xtrabackup_20160517010001
#啟動數據庫實例:
/usr/local/src/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysqldata/3306/my.cnf --user=mysql &
#進入最后一次備份的全備或增量備份目錄，根據binlog_pos 的filename和position，拷貝之后的binlog文件到目標機器
cat xtrabackup_info
cat xtrabackup_binlog_info
#time顯示執行耗時
#--base64-output=decode-rows表示不顯示binglog部分
#若備份完成后進行了flush logs，則--start-position=154可能需要指定為下一個日志
time mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --start-position=154 -vv mysqlmaster-bin.000033 | mysql -uroot -pmysql
#指定結束時間點
time mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --stop-datetime='2020-12-05 02:39:59' -vv mysqlmaster-bin.000034 | mysql -uroot -pmysql
-------------------------
#以上操作失敗，實際操作如下
#環境：mysql8.0.12，xtrabackup8.0.4
xtrabackup全量備份+binlog基於時間點恢復
1.通過xtrabackup的備份恢復數據庫。
2.找到start-position和binlog名稱
cat xtrabackup_info
3.導出mysqlbinlog為sql文件，並確定恢復的時間點
mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --start-position=124 --stop-datetime='2020-12-04 16:49:40' -vv mysql-bin.000082 > backup2.sql
4.導入sql
source /backup/mysql/binlog/backup2.sql
------------------------------
#如下為報錯參考
#報錯：ERROR 1837 (HY000): When @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT is set to a GTID, you must explicitly set it to a different value
解決：刪除backup2.sql中含有GTID_NEXT的行
#需要先開啟再禁用
set global gtid_mode='on_permissive';
set global gtid_mode='off_permissive';
#如下未報錯，但數據未恢復
#--base64-output=decode-rows表示不顯示binglog部分
#--start-position=154指定為全量備份日志時的下一個日志仍然未恢復成功
time mysqlbinlog --start-position=355 -vv mysql-bin.000087 | mysql -uroot -poracle
time mysqlbinlog --stop-datetime='2020-12-05 00:06:59' -vv mysql-bin.000088 | mysql -uroot -poracle
#傳入mysql恢復報錯，未解決：ERROR 1049 (42000) at line 45: Unknown database 'test'
mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --start-position=513 --stop-datetime='2020-12-04 16:45:37' -vv mysql-bin.000082 | mysql -uroot -poracle
#恢復過程中遇到的問題分享
innobackupex恢復操作解壓備份文件報錯一例:http://blog.csdn.net/zengxuewen2045/article/details/51446789
innobackupex恢復操作報錯兩例:http://blog.csdn.net/zengxuewen2045/article/details/51446770
記一次xtrabackup工具恢復后mysqld_safe啟動問題:http://blog.csdn.net/zengxuewen2045/article/details/51446754
利用xtrabackup和binlog增量恢復時提示表記錄不存在案例:
http://blog.csdn.net/zengxuewen2045/article/details/51454290
二、從全備恢復
#1、停止掉運行的數據庫實例：
ps -ef | grep mysql
kill -9
#systemctl stop mysqld
rm -rf /data/mysqldata/3306/data/*
#2、准備：
xtrabackup --host=localhost --user=root --password=oracle --port=3306 --prepare --target-dir=/backup/mysql/data/
#3、拷回數據：
xtrabackup --host=localhost --user=root --password=oracle --port=3306 --datadir=/data/mysqldata/3306/data --copy-back --target-dir=/backup/mysql/data/
#4、修改目錄屬性啟動數據庫：
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysqldata/3306/data
chmod -R 755 /data/mysqldata/3306/data
#5、啟動數據庫實例:
/usr/local/src/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysqldata/3306/my.cnf --user=mysql &
mysql -uroot -poracle
show databases;
#systemctl start mysqld
------------------------------------------------------------
三、增量備份（前提是之前已經按步驟一進行了全備）
rm -rf /backup/mysql/datainc/*
xtrabackup --defaults-file=/data/mysqldata/3306/my.cnf --host=localhost --user=root --password=oracle --port=3306 --backup --parallel=3 --target-dir=/backup/mysql/datainc --incremental-basedir=/backup/mysql/data
create table test3.t2(id int,name varchar(200));
insert into test3.t2 select 1,'n1';
#第2次增量備份
create database test character set utf8;
use test3;
create table test.t1(id int,name varchar(200));
insert into test.t1 select 1,'n1';
xtrabackup --defaults-file=/data/mysqldata/3306/my.cnf --host=localhost --user=root --password=oracle --port=3306 --backup --parallel=3 --target-dir=/backup/mysql/datainc1 --incremental-basedir=/backup/mysql/datainc
[root@node1 ~]# ll /backup/mysql/data
total 2142240
-rw-r----- 1 root root 507 Nov 25 11:42 backup-my.cnf
-rw-r----- 1 root root 2147483648 Nov 25 11:42 ibdata1
drwxr-x--- 2 root root 143 Nov 25 11:42 mysql
-rw-r----- 1 root root 25165824 Nov 25 11:42 mysql.ibd
drwxr-x--- 2 root root 4096 Nov 25 11:42 performance_schema
drwxr-x--- 2 root root 28 Nov 25 11:42 sys
drwxr-x--- 2 root root 22 Nov 25 11:42 test3
-rw-r----- 1 root root 10485760 Nov 25 11:42 undo_001
-rw-r----- 1 root root 10485760 Nov 25 11:42 undo_002
-rw-r----- 1 root root 184 Nov 25 11:42 xtrabackup_binlog_info
-rw-r----- 1 root root 79 Nov 25 11:42 xtrabackup_checkpoints
-rw-r----- 1 root root 735 Nov 25 11:42 xtrabackup_info
-rw-r----- 1 root root 2560 Nov 25 11:42 xtrabackup_logfile
-rw-r----- 1 root root 39 Nov 25 11:42 xtrabackup_tablespaces
[root@node1 ~]# ll /backup/mysql/datainc/
total 1744
-rw-r----- 1 root root 513 Nov 25 11:44 backup-my.cnf
-rw-r----- 1 root root 917504 Nov 25 11:44 ibdata1.delta
-rw-r----- 1 root root 44 Nov 25 11:44 ibdata1.meta
drwxr-x--- 2 root root 143 Nov 25 11:44 mysql
-rw-r----- 1 root root 638976 Nov 25 11:44 mysql.ibd.delta
-rw-r----- 1 root root 53 Nov 25 11:44 mysql.ibd.meta
drwxr-x--- 2 root root 4096 Nov 25 11:44 performance_schema
drwxr-x--- 2 root root 61 Nov 25 11:44 sys
drwxr-x--- 2 root root 88 Nov 25 11:44 test3
-rw-r----- 1 root root 98304 Nov 25 11:44 undo_001.delta
-rw-r----- 1 root root 53 Nov 25 11:44 undo_001.meta
-rw-r----- 1 root root 81920 Nov 25 11:44 undo_002.delta
-rw-r----- 1 root root 53 Nov 25 11:44 undo_002.meta
-rw-r----- 1 root root 186 Nov 25 11:44 xtrabackup_binlog_info
-rw-r----- 1 root root 84 Nov 25 11:44 xtrabackup_checkpoints
-rw-r----- 1 root root 808 Nov 25 11:44 xtrabackup_info
-rw-r----- 1 root root 2560 Nov 25 11:44 xtrabackup_logfile
-rw-r----- 1 root root 39 Nov 25 11:44 xtrabackup_tablespaces
四、從增量備份恢復
#1、停止掉運行的數據庫實例：
ps -ef | grep mysql
kill -9
#systemctl stop mysqld
rm -rf /data/mysqldata/3306/data/*
#2、 准備全備份的日志：
xtrabackup --prepare --apply-log-only --target-dir=/backup/mysql/data
#3、准備增量備份的日志：
xtrabackup --prepare --apply-log-only --target-dir=/backup/mysql/data --incremental-dir=/backup/mysql/datainc
xtrabackup --prepare --apply-log-only --target-dir=/backup/mysql/data --incremental-dir=/backup/mysql/datainc1
#4、全備份准備：
xtrabackup --prepare --target-dir=/backup/mysql/data
Your database may be corrupt or you may have copied the InnoDB tablespace but not the InnoDB log files. Please refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/forcing-innodb-recovery.html for information about forcing recovery.
xtrabackup: Last MySQL binlog file position 883, file name mysql-bin.000062
#可恢復到最后一次增量備份；也可恢復到第一次全備份；若恢復到最后一次增量備份后不能再恢復到第一次全量備份
#若全量恢復后再進行增量恢復，則報錯，忽略：
Tablespace 'mysql' Page [page id: space=4294967294, page number=5] log sequence number 20236845 is in the future! Current system log sequence number 20214284.
Your database may be corrupt or you may have copied the InnoDB tablespace but not the InnoDB log files. Please refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/forcing-innodb-recovery.html for information about forcing recovery.
xtrabackup: Last MySQL binlog file position 883, file name mysql-bin.000062
xtrabackup: error: The transaction log file is corrupted.
xtrabackup: error: The log was not applied to the intended LSN!
xtrabackup: Log applied to lsn 20214284
xtrabackup: The intended lsn is 20236845
#5、拷回數據：
xtrabackup --host=localhost --user=root --password=oracle --port=3306 --datadir=/data/mysqldata/3306/data --copy-back --target-dir=/backup/mysql/data/
#6、修改數據目錄的權限和屬性：
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysqldata/3306/data
chmod -R 755 /data/mysqldata/3306/data
ll /data/mysqldata/3306/data
#7、 啟動實例：
/usr/local/src/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysqldata/3306/my.cnf --user=mysql &
#systemctl start mysqld