TomCat目錄結構說明
#TomCat目錄結構說明:
bin:該目錄存放TomCat二進制可執行文件,常用的有startup.bat和shutdown.bat文件,startup.bat用來啟動Tomcat,shutdown.bat用來停止Tomcat;
conf:TomCat服務器的配置目錄,主要有server.xml(配置服務器信息,如修改端口號,添加虛擬主機等)、tomcat-users.xml(TomCat用戶與角色信息,對TomCat后台管理)和web.xml(Web項目部署描述符文件);
lib:Tomcat所需的jar包;
logs:存放TomCat的日志文件;
temp:存放Tomcat的臨時文件;
webapps:存放所部署的Web項目;
work:存放Web項目部署運行時生成的文件,如java和class文件;
RUNNING.txt:可查看如何配置TomCat環境變量。
#TomCat配置環境變量
Tomcat是Java應用程序,不直接使用環境變量。
環境變量由Tomcat啟動腳本使用。腳本使用
環境變量來准備啟動Tomcat的命令。
(3.1)設置CATALINA_HOME(必填)和CATALINA_BASE(可選)
CATALINA_HOME環境變量應設置為
Tomcat“二進制”分發的根目錄。
Tomcat啟動腳本具有一些邏輯來設置此變量
如果不存在,則根據啟動腳本的位置自動進行
在* nix中和Windows的當前目錄中。該邏輯可能不起作用在所有情況下,建議顯式設置變量。
CATALINA_BASE環境變量指定根的位置
Tomcat“活動配置”的目錄。它是可選的。它默認等於CATALINA_HOME。
#jdk目錄結構說明
bin目錄:Java工具的可執行文件,包括: java、Java編譯器javac、反編譯.class文件javap、密鑰管理工具keytool、Java文檔工具javadoc等。
COPYRIGHT文件:版權信息。
db目錄:Java實現的數據庫。
include目錄:.h頭文件,C語言開發時用到的頭文件。比如jni.h是開發jni程序時必須引用的頭文件。
lib目錄: Java類庫,我們經常看到的dt.jar和tools.jar就在這個目錄下。
src.zip文件:Java類庫源碼,包括了rt.jar庫中的關鍵部分;除了Java類庫,還包含了啟動器(launcher)的源碼(C語言實現)。
jre目錄:Java運行環境。
#jdk配置環境變量
JDK安裝完成后,首先要配置JAVA_HOME變量,JAVA_HOME變量指向JDK的安裝目錄,配置JAVA_HOME主要目的是:
(1)配置其它JDK環境變量時,可以方便地引用JDK的安裝目錄。
(2)JDK安裝完成后,需要配置Path環境變量,以方便開發者運行Java編譯器等程序。開發者不管是用集成開發工具還是文本編輯工具編寫Java程序時,當集成開發工具調用Java編譯器或用戶在Windows 命令行窗口輸入命令運行Java編譯器時,操作系統需要從Path環境變量獲取Java編譯器等程序所在目錄並啟動運行。例如:假設Java集成開發工具或Windows 命令行窗口的當前工作目錄和Java編譯器所在目錄不同,開發者又沒有在path環境變量中配置Java編譯器所在目錄的路徑,操作系統就找不到Java編譯器程序,也就無法啟動Java編譯器程序進行編譯工作。
(3)Java源代碼被被編譯后形成擴展名為“.class”的文件,JVM(Java虛擬機)運行Java 程序時,需要加載已被編譯的“.class”的文件以及該“.class”文件導入的其它類(如Java的System類)。設置CLASSPATH的目的就是讓JVM能夠通過CLASSPATH設置的路徑找到這些類文件
ENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
告訴jvm要使用或執行的class放在什么路徑上,便於JVM加載class文件,.;表示當前路徑,tools.jar和dt.jar為類庫路徑。
CLASSPATH詳解:
tools.jar
工具類庫(編譯和運行等),它跟我們程序中用到的基礎類庫沒有關系。我們注意到在Path中變量值bin目錄下的各個exe工具的大小都很小,一般都在27KB左右,這是因為它們實際上僅僅相當於是一層代碼的包裝,這些工具的實現所要用到的類庫都在tools.jar中,用壓縮軟件打開tools.jar,你會發現有很多文件是和bin目錄下的exe工具相對性的,查看圖一。當然,如果tools.jar的功能只有這些的話,那么我們根本不用把它加入到CLASSPATH變量中,因為bin目錄下的工具自己可以完成對這些類庫的調用,因此tools.jar應該還有其他的功能。在里面還可以看到有Applet和RMI等相關的文件,因此tools.jar應該還是遠程調用等必須的jar包。tools.jar的其他作用可以查看其他資料。
dt.jar
運行環境類庫,主要是Swing包,這一點通過用壓縮軟件打開dt.jar也可以看到。如果在開發時候沒有用到Swing包,那么可以不用將dt.jar添加到CLASSPATH變量中。
CLASSPATH中的類庫是由Application ClassLoader或者我們自定義的類加載器來加載的,這里當然不能包括基礎類庫,如果包括基礎類庫的話,並用兩個不同的自定義類加載器去加載該基礎類,那它得到的該基礎類就不是唯一的了,這樣便不能保證Java類的安全性。
基本類庫和擴展類庫rt.jar
基本類庫是所有的 import java.* 開頭的類,在 %JAVA_HOME%\jre\lib 目錄下(如其中的 rt.jar、resource.jar ),類加載機制提到,該目錄下的類會由 Bootstrap ClassLoader 自動加載,並通過親委派模型保證了基礎類庫只會被Bootstrap ClassLoader加載,這也就保證了基礎類的唯一性。
擴展類庫是所有的 import javax.* 開頭的類,在 %JAVA_HOME%\jre\lib\ext 目錄下,該目錄下的類是由Extension ClassLoader 自動加載,不需要我們指定。
准備鏡像文件
准備鏡像文件、tomcat壓縮包、jdk壓縮包。
apache-tomcat-9.0.39.tar
jdk-8u271-linux-x64.tar
編寫Dockerfile文件
官方命名:Dockerfile,build會自動尋找這個文件,就不需要-f指定了!
容器內部/usr/local目錄下就會看到readme.txt這個文件
將壓縮包添加進去 跟解壓路徑
注:用ADD命令添加進去的.tar.gz文件會自動解壓
安裝基礎的命令
設置ENV環境變量 進去的時候就進入到環境變量
配置工作目錄
配置JAVA環境變量
配置Tomcat環境變量
暴露端口
FROM centos
MAINTAINER lwenwu<lwenwu1999@qq.com>
COPY readme.txt /usr/local/readme.txt
ADD jdk-8u271-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local
ADD apache-tomcat-9.0.39.tar.gz /usr/local
RUN yum -y install vim
ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH
ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_271
ENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.39
ENV CATALINA_BASE /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.39
ENV PATH $PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$CATALINA_HOME/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/bin
EXPOSE 8080
CMD /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.39/bin/startup.sh && tail -F /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.39/logs/catalina.out
構建鏡像
docker build -t diytomcat .
構建過程
[root@localhost dockerfile]# docker build -t testtomcat .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 154.4MB
Step 1/15 : FROM centos
latest: Pulling from library/centos
3c72a8ed6814: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:76d24f3ba3317fa945743bb3746fbaf3a0b752f10b10376960de01da70685fbd
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
---> 0d120b6ccaa8
Step 2/15 : MAINTAINER lwenwu<lwenwu1999@qq.com>
---> Running in 47b5eb8df66b
Removing intermediate container 47b5eb8df66b
---> 49bcdfea4e32
Step 3/15 : COPY readme.txt /usr/local/readme.txt
---> 2a6be7198e44
Step 4/15 : ADD jdk-8u271-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local
---> 88e1646ee66d
Step 5/15 : ADD apache-tomcat-9.0.39.tar.gz /usr/local
---> 259ee757cb6f
Step 6/15 : RUN yum -y install vim
---> Running in 2d1b5f504afa
CentOS-8 - AppStream 3.3 MB/s | 5.8 MB 00:01
CentOS-8 - Base 2.5 MB/s | 2.2 MB 00:00
CentOS-8 - Extras 13 kB/s | 8.1 kB 00:00
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
vim-enhanced x86_64 2:8.0.1763-13.el8 AppStream 1.4 M
Installing dependencies:
gpm-libs x86_64 1.20.7-15.el8 AppStream 39 k
vim-common x86_64 2:8.0.1763-13.el8 AppStream 6.3 M
vim-filesystem noarch 2:8.0.1763-13.el8 AppStream 48 k
which x86_64 2.21-12.el8 BaseOS 49 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 5 Packages
Total download size: 7.8 M
Installed size: 31 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/5): gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64.rpm 176 kB/s | 39 kB 00:00
(2/5): vim-filesystem-8.0.1763-13.el8.noarch.rp 697 kB/s | 48 kB 00:00
(3/5): which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64.rpm 474 kB/s | 49 kB 00:00
(4/5): vim-enhanced-8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64.rpm 1.6 MB/s | 1.4 MB 00:00
(5/5): vim-common-8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64.rpm 4.2 MB/s | 6.3 MB 00:01
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 2.2 MB/s | 7.8 MB 00:03
warning: /var/cache/dnf/AppStream-02e86d1c976ab532/packages/gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 8483c65d: NOKEY
CentOS-8 - AppStream 825 kB/s | 1.6 kB 00:00
Importing GPG key 0x8483C65D:
Userid : "CentOS (CentOS Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"
Fingerprint: 99DB 70FA E1D7 CE22 7FB6 4882 05B5 55B3 8483 C65D
From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
Key imported successfully
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64 1/5
Installing : vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.noarch 2/5
Installing : vim-common-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64 3/5
Installing : gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64 4/5
Running scriptlet: gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64 4/5
Installing : vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64 5/5
Running scriptlet: vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64 5/5
Running scriptlet: vim-common-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64 5/5
Verifying : gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64 1/5
Verifying : vim-common-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64 2/5
Verifying : vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64 3/5
Verifying : vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.noarch 4/5
Verifying : which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64 5/5
Installed:
gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64 vim-common-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64
vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64 vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.noarch
which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64
Complete!
Removing intermediate container 2d1b5f504afa
---> 104e56b60aec
Step 7/15 : ENV MYPATH /usr/local
---> Running in 9582f9a31cee
Removing intermediate container 9582f9a31cee
---> dd0e414f6f83
Step 8/15 : WORKDIR $MYPATH
---> Running in 5a1b9e7b62c7
Removing intermediate container 5a1b9e7b62c7
---> 4a2e99caa954
Step 9/15 : ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_271
---> Running in 4d8ee0c67b7b
Removing intermediate container 4d8ee0c67b7b
---> 8da62fbac351
Step 10/15 : ENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
---> Running in 065821bf046e
Removing intermediate container 065821bf046e
---> ad73e38ee464
Step 11/15 : ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.39
---> Running in 4792108504fd
Removing intermediate container 4792108504fd
---> e5ad1371c5c4
Step 12/15 : ENV CATALINA_BASE /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.39
---> Running in 62dbef974ce0
Removing intermediate container 62dbef974ce0
---> a494ad3353e3
Step 13/15 : ENV PATH $PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$CATALINA_HOME/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/bin
---> Running in 2cc75de94c1e
Removing intermediate container 2cc75de94c1e
---> 06bec94756ec
Step 14/15 : EXPOSE 8080
---> Running in ccbe33eefb43
Removing intermediate container ccbe33eefb43
---> 75e040b2f7c3
Step 15/15 : CMD /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.39/bin/startup.sh && tail -F /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.39/logs/catalina.out
---> Running in ad622bea20ad
Removing intermediate container ad622bea20ad
---> 13aa57b24d7f
Successfully built 13aa57b24d7f
Successfully tagged testtomcat:latest
查看鏡像
docker images
后台運行容器
-d:后台運行
掛載目錄
docker run -d -p 9090:8080 --name tomcattest -v /data/tomcat/test:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.39/webapps/test -v /data/tomcat/logs:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.39/logs testtomcat
測試掛載
容器內:
容器外:
進入容器
查看運行容器
docker ps
進入容器
docker exec -it ID /bin/bash
訪問測試
容器外面測試
curl localhost:9090
[root@localhost data]# curl localhost:9090
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<title>Apache Tomcat/9.0.39</title>
<link href="favicon.ico" rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" />
<link href="favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" />
<link href="tomcat.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
<div id="wrapper">
<div id="navigation" class="curved container">
<span id="nav-home"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/">Home</a></span>
<span id="nav-hosts"><a href="/docs/">Documentation</a></span>
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<span id="nav-examples"><a href="/examples/">Examples</a></span>
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<span id="nav-lists"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/lists.html">Mailing Lists</a></span>
<span id="nav-help"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/findhelp.html">Find Help</a></span>
<br class="separator" />
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<div id="asf-box">
<h1>Apache Tomcat/9.0.39</h1>
</div>
<div id="upper" class="curved container">
<div id="congrats" class="curved container">
<h2>If you're seeing this, you've successfully installed Tomcat. Congratulations!</h2>
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<img src="tomcat.png" alt="[tomcat logo]" />
<div id="tasks">
<h3>Recommended Reading:</h3>
<h4><a href="/docs/security-howto.html">Security Considerations How-To</a></h4>
<h4><a href="/docs/manager-howto.html">Manager Application How-To</a></h4>
<h4><a href="/docs/cluster-howto.html">Clustering/Session Replication How-To</a></h4>
</div>
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<div class="button">
<a class="container shadow" href="/manager/status"><span>Server Status</span></a>
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<a class="container shadow" href="/manager/html"><span>Manager App</span></a>
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<a class="container shadow" href="/host-manager/html"><span>Host Manager</span></a>
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<h3>Developer Quick Start</h3>
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<p><a href="/docs/realm-howto.html">Realms & AAA</a></p>
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<h3>Managing Tomcat</h3>
<p>For security, access to the <a href="/manager/html">manager webapp</a> is restricted.
Users are defined in:</p>
<pre>$CATALINA_HOME/conf/tomcat-users.xml</pre>
<p>In Tomcat 9.0 access to the manager application is split between
different users. <a href="/docs/manager-howto.html">Read more...</a></p>
<br />
<h4><a href="/docs/RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></h4>
<h4><a href="/docs/changelog.html">Changelog</a></h4>
<h4><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/migration.html">Migration Guide</a></h4>
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<h4><a href="/docs/">Tomcat 9.0 Documentation</a></h4>
<h4><a href="/docs/config/">Tomcat 9.0 Configuration</a></h4>
<h4><a href="https://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/FrontPage">Tomcat Wiki</a></h4>
<p>Find additional important configuration information in:</p>
<pre>$CATALINA_HOME/RUNNING.txt</pre>
<p>Developers may be interested in:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/bugreport.html">Tomcat 9.0 Bug Database</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/api/index.html">Tomcat 9.0 JavaDocs</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/tree/master">Tomcat 9.0 Git Repository at GitHub</a></li>
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<p>The following mailing lists are available:</p>
<ul>
<li id="list-announce"><strong><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/lists.html#tomcat-announce">tomcat-announce</a><br />
Important announcements, releases, security vulnerability notifications. (Low volume).</strong>
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<li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/lists.html#tomcat-users">tomcat-users</a><br />
User support and discussion
</li>
<li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/lists.html#taglibs-user">taglibs-user</a><br />
User support and discussion for <a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/taglibs/">Apache Taglibs</a>
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Development mailing list, including commit messages
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<li><a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html">Thanks</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col20">
<div class="container">
<h4>Apache Software Foundation</h4>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/whoweare.html">Who We Are</a></li>
<li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/heritage.html">Heritage</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.apache.org">Apache Home</a></li>
<li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/resources.html">Resources</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<br class="separator" />
</div>
<p class="copyright">Copyright ©1999-2020 Apache Software Foundation. All Rights Reserved</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
[root@localhost data]#
網頁測試
http://192.168.100.100:9090
【坑】報錯日志:
/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.39/bin/catalina.sh: line 502: /usr/local/jdk.1.8.0.27/bin/java: No such file or directory
/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.39/bin/catalina.sh: line 502: /usr/local/jdk.1.8.0.27/bin/java: No such file or directory
分析修改環境變量
#ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_271 java環境變量錯誤,導致后面引用的變量都錯誤,最終導致Tomcat沒有啟動成功。
html測試
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
version="2.5">
</web-app>
index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>hello.lwenwu!</title>
</head>
<body>
Hello World!<br/>
<%
out.println("this is a test file");
%>
</body>
</html>
失敗
分析: