RAID10磁盤陣列由RAID1和RAID0組合而成，理論上只要不是RAID1磁盤陣列上的所有硬盤同時損壞，數據就不會丟失。也就是說最多可以在每個RAID1中損壞一個硬盤。
這里修復的實質是：使用新的硬盤代替磁盤陣列中損壞的硬盤，而在磁盤陣列損壞期間，並不影響使用。
1、查看測試的RAID10詳細信息
[root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# mdadm -D /dev/md0 ## 查看測試的RAID10磁盤陣列詳細信息，一共四塊硬盤激活狀態 /dev/md0: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Sun Nov 8 11:17:16 2020 Raid Level : raid10 Array Size : 41909248 (39.97 GiB 42.92 GB) Used Dev Size : 20954624 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 4 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Sun Nov 8 11:20:45 2020 State : active Active Devices : 4 Working Devices : 4 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Layout : near=2 Chunk Size : 512K Name : PC1linuxprobe:0 (local to host PC1linuxprobe) UUID : 36866db8:2839f737:6831b810:d838b066 Events : 18 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 16 0 active sync /dev/sdb 1 8 32 1 active sync /dev/sdc 2 8 48 2 active sync /dev/sdd 3 8 64 3 active sync /dev/sde
2、模擬損壞一塊硬盤/dev/sdc
[root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# mdadm /dev/md0 -f /dev/sdc mdadm: set /dev/sdc faulty in /dev/md0 [root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# mdadm -D /dev/md0 /dev/md0: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Sun Nov 8 11:17:16 2020 Raid Level : raid10 Array Size : 41909248 (39.97 GiB 42.92 GB) Used Dev Size : 20954624 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 4 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Sun Nov 8 11:26:22 2020 State : active, degraded Active Devices : 3 Working Devices : 3 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 Layout : near=2 Chunk Size : 512K Name : PC1linuxprobe:0 (local to host PC1linuxprobe) UUID : 36866db8:2839f737:6831b810:d838b066 Events : 20 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 16 0 active sync /dev/sdb 1 0 0 1 removed 2 8 48 2 active sync /dev/sdd 3 8 64 3 active sync /dev/sde 1 8 32 - faulty /dev/sdc
損壞一塊硬盤不影響RAID10磁盤陣列的使用，期間可以在/RAID10目錄中創建或者刪除文件。
3、重啟系統（虛擬機）
4、查看此時RAID10磁盤陣列的詳細信息
[root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# mdadm -D /dev/md0 ## 首先先查看當前RAID10磁盤陣列的詳細信息 /dev/md0: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Sun Nov 8 11:17:16 2020 Raid Level : raid10 Array Size : 41909248 (39.97 GiB 42.92 GB) Used Dev Size : 20954624 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 3 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Sun Nov 8 19:30:18 2020 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 3 Working Devices : 3 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Layout : near=2 Chunk Size : 512K Name : PC1linuxprobe:0 (local to host PC1linuxprobe) UUID : 36866db8:2839f737:6831b810:d838b066 Events : 24 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 16 0 active sync /dev/sdb 1 0 0 1 removed 2 8 48 2 active sync /dev/sdd 3 8 64 3 active sync /dev/sde
5、卸載
[root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/rhel-root 18G 2.9G 15G 17% / devtmpfs 985M 0 985M 0% /dev tmpfs 994M 140K 994M 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 994M 8.8M 986M 1% /run tmpfs 994M 0 994M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/md0 40G 49M 38G 1% /RAID10 /dev/sda1 497M 119M 379M 24% /boot /dev/sr0 3.5G 3.5G 0 100% /run/media/root/RHEL-7.0 Server.x86_64 [root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# umount /RAID10 [root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/rhel-root 18G 2.9G 15G 17% / devtmpfs 985M 0 985M 0% /dev tmpfs 994M 140K 994M 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 994M 8.8M 986M 1% /run tmpfs 994M 0 994M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 497M 119M 379M 24% /boot /dev/sr0 3.5G 3.5G 0 100% /run/media/root/RHEL-7.0 Server.x86_64
6、添加新硬盤（頂替損壞的硬盤）
[root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# mdadm /dev/md0 -a /dev/sdc ## 添加新硬盤 mdadm: added /dev/sdc [root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# mdadm -D /dev/md0 /dev/md0: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Sun Nov 8 11:17:16 2020 Raid Level : raid10 Array Size : 41909248 (39.97 GiB 42.92 GB) Used Dev Size : 20954624 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 4 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Sun Nov 8 11:37:41 2020 State : clean, degraded, recovering Active Devices : 3 Working Devices : 4 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 1 Layout : near=2 Chunk Size : 512K Rebuild Status : 16% complete Name : PC1linuxprobe:0 (local to host PC1linuxprobe) UUID : 36866db8:2839f737:6831b810:d838b066 Events : 32 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 16 0 active sync /dev/sdb 4 8 32 1 spare rebuilding /dev/sdc 2 8 48 2 active sync /dev/sdd 3 8 64 3 active sync /dev/sde [root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# mdadm -D /dev/md0 /dev/md0: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Sun Nov 8 11:17:16 2020 Raid Level : raid10 Array Size : 41909248 (39.97 GiB 42.92 GB) Used Dev Size : 20954624 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 4 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Sun Nov 8 11:38:44 2020 State : clean, degraded, recovering Active Devices : 3 Working Devices : 4 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 1 Layout : near=2 Chunk Size : 512K Rebuild Status : 74% complete Name : PC1linuxprobe:0 (local to host PC1linuxprobe) UUID : 36866db8:2839f737:6831b810:d838b066 Events : 59 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 16 0 active sync /dev/sdb 4 8 32 1 spare rebuilding /dev/sdc 2 8 48 2 active sync /dev/sdd 3 8 64 3 active sync /dev/sde [root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# mdadm -D /dev/md0 /dev/md0: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Sun Nov 8 11:17:16 2020 Raid Level : raid10 Array Size : 41909248 (39.97 GiB 42.92 GB) Used Dev Size : 20954624 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 4 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Sun Nov 8 11:39:11 2020 State : clean Active Devices : 4 Working Devices : 4 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Layout : near=2 Chunk Size : 512K Name : PC1linuxprobe:0 (local to host PC1linuxprobe) UUID : 36866db8:2839f737:6831b810:d838b066 Events : 69 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 16 0 active sync /dev/sdb 4 8 32 1 active sync /dev/sdc 2 8 48 2 active sync /dev/sdd 3 8 64 3 active sync /dev/sde
7、重新掛載
[root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/rhel-root 18G 2.9G 15G 17% / devtmpfs 985M 0 985M 0% /dev tmpfs 994M 140K 994M 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 994M 8.8M 986M 1% /run tmpfs 994M 0 994M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 497M 119M 379M 24% /boot /dev/sr0 3.5G 3.5G 0 100% /run/media/root/RHEL-7.0 Server.x86_64 [root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# cat /etc/fstab # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Thu Nov 5 15:23:01 2020 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # /dev/mapper/rhel-root / xfs defaults 1 1 UUID=0ba20ae9-dd51-459f-ac48-7f7e81385eb8 /boot xfs defaults 1 2
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/md0 /RAID10 ext4 defaults 0 0 [root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# mount -a [root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/rhel-root 18G 2.9G 15G 17% / devtmpfs 985M 0 985M 0% /dev tmpfs 994M 140K 994M 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 994M 8.8M 986M 1% /run tmpfs 994M 0 994M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 497M 119M 379M 24% /boot /dev/sr0 3.5G 3.5G 0 100% /run/media/root/RHEL-7.0 Server.x86_64 /dev/md0 40G 49M 38G 1% /RAID10
8、總結RAID10磁盤陣列損壞的修復
- 首先重啟系統，解除掛載
- 添加新硬盤 mdadm /dev/md0 -a /dev/newdisk
- 等待rebuilding完成，使用mdadm -D /dev/md0查看進度
- 重新掛載，mount -a （前提是已經寫入開啟自動掛載配置文件）