最近做硬件物聯網IOT、MQTT、TCPIP網絡編程，經常被各種進制和字符串之間的轉換弄的頭疼，麻蛋的，索性抄襲幾篇博客，合兵一處，整理如下：
不知道何時開始，很多程序員喜歡用ToLower，ToUpper去實現忽略大小寫模式的字符串相等性比較，有可能這個習慣是從別的語言引進的，大膽猜測下是JS，為了不引起爭論，我指的JS是技師的意思~
一：背景
1. 講故事
在我們一個訂單聚合系統中，每一筆訂單都會標注來源，比如JD，Taobao，Etao，Shopex 等等一些渠道，UI上也提供高級配置輸入自定義的訂單來源，后來客戶反饋輸入xxx查詢不出訂單，這里就拿shopex為例，用戶用小寫的shopex查詢，但系統中標注的是首字母大寫的Shopex，所以自然無法匹配，為了解決這個問題開發小哥就統一轉成大寫做比對，用代碼表示如下：
var orderfrom = "shopex".ToUpper(); customerIDList = MemoryOrders.Where(i =>i.OrderFrom.ToUpper()==orderFrom) .Select(i => i.CustomerId).ToList(); 改完后就是這么牛的上線了，乍一看也沒啥問題，結果一查詢明顯感覺比之前速度慢了好幾秒，干脆多點幾下，好咯。。。在監控中發現CPU和memory突高突低，異常波動，這位小哥又在寫bug了，查了下代碼問他為什么這么寫，小哥說在js中就是這么比較的~~~
2. string.Compare 改造
其實在C#中面對忽略大小寫形式的比較是有專門的方法，性能高而且還不費內存，它就是 string.Compare，所以把上面代碼改成如下就可以了。
var orderfrom = "shopex"; customerIDList = MemoryOrders.Where(string.Compare(i.TradeFrom, tradefrom, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) == 0) .Select(i => i.CustomerId).ToList(); 這其中的 StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase枚舉就是用來忽略大小寫的，上線之后除了CPU還是有點波動，其他都沒有問題了。
1.請問c#中如何將十進制數的字符串轉化成十六進制數的字符串
//十進制轉二進制
Console.WriteLine("十進制166的二進制表示: "+Convert.ToString(166, 2));
//十進制轉八進制
Console.WriteLine("十進制166的八進制表示: "+Convert.ToString(166, 8));
//十進制轉十六進制
Console.WriteLine("十進制166的十六進制表示: "+Convert.ToString(166, 16));
//二進制轉十進制
Console.WriteLine("二進制 111101 的十進制表示: "+Convert.ToInt32("111101", 2));
//八進制轉十進制
Console.WriteLine("八進制 44 的十進制表示: "+Convert.ToInt32("44", 8));
//十六進制轉十進制
Console.WriteLine("十六進制 CC的十進制表示: "+Convert.ToInt32("CC", 16));
2.在串口通訊過程中，經常要用到 16進制與字符串、字節數組之間的轉換
private string StringToHexString(string s,Encoding encode) { byte[] b = encode.GetBytes(s);//按照指定編碼將string編程字節數組 string result = string.Empty; for (int i = 0; i < b.Length; i++)//逐字節變為16進制字符，以%隔開 { result += "%"+Convert.ToString(b[i], 16); } return result; } private string HexStringToString(string hs, Encoding encode) { //以%分割字符串，並去掉空字符 string[] chars = hs.Split(new char[]{'%'},StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries); byte[] b = new byte[chars.Length]; //逐個字符變為16進制字節數據 for (int i = 0; i < chars.Length; i++) { b[i] = Convert.ToByte(chars[i], 16); } //按照指定編碼將字節數組變為字符串 return encode.GetString(b); } /// <summary> /// 字符串轉16進制字節數組 /// </summary> /// <param name="hexString"></param> /// <returns></returns> private static byte[] strToToHexByte(string hexString) { hexString = hexString.Replace(" ", ""); if ((hexString.Length % 2) != 0) hexString += " "; byte[] returnBytes = new byte[hexString.Length / 2]; for (int i = 0; i < returnBytes.Length; i++) returnBytes[i] = Convert.ToByte(hexString.Substring(i * 2, 2), 16); return returnBytes; } /// <summary> /// 字節數組轉16進制字符串 /// </summary> /// <param name="bytes"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static string byteToHexStr(byte[] bytes) { string returnStr = ""; if (bytes != null) { for (int i = 0; i < bytes.Length; i++) { returnStr += bytes[i].ToString("X2"); } } return returnStr; } /// <summary> /// 從漢字轉換到16進制 /// </summary> /// <param name="s"></param> /// <param name="charset">編碼,如"utf-8","gb2312"</param> /// <param name="fenge">是否每字符用逗號分隔</param> /// <returns></returns> public static string ToHex(string s, string charset, bool fenge) { if ((s.Length % 2) != 0) { s += " ";//空格 //throw new ArgumentException("s is not valid chinese string!"); } System.Text.Encoding chs = System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding(charset); byte[] bytes = chs.GetBytes(s); string str = ""; for (int i = 0; i < bytes.Length; i++) { str += string.Format("{0:X}", bytes[i]); if (fenge && (i != bytes.Length - 1)) { str += string.Format("{0}", ","); } } return str.ToLower(); } ///<summary> /// 從16進制轉換成漢字 /// </summary> /// <param name="hex"></param> /// <param name="charset">編碼,如"utf-8","gb2312"</param> /// <returns></returns> public static string UnHex(string hex, string charset) { if (hex == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("hex"); hex = hex.Replace(",", ""); hex = hex.Replace("\n", ""); hex = hex.Replace("\\", ""); hex = hex.Replace(" ", ""); if (hex.Length % 2 != 0) { hex += "20";//空格 } // 需要將 hex 轉換成 byte 數組。 byte[] bytes = new byte[hex.Length / 2]; for (int i = 0; i < bytes.Length; i++) { try { // 每兩個字符是一個 byte。 bytes[i] = byte.Parse(hex.Substring(i * 2, 2), System.Globalization.NumberStyles.HexNumber); } catch { // Rethrow an exception with custom message. throw new ArgumentException("hex is not a valid hex number!", "hex"); } } System.Text.Encoding chs = System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding(charset); return chs.GetString(bytes); }
1.字符串=>比特數組
(1)byte[] bt=System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetBytes("字符串");
(2)byte[] bt=Convert.FromBase64String("字符串");
補充：
System.Text.Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(str);
System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(str);
System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312").GetBytes(str); //指定編碼方式
string str = "中國？ss123?";
byte[] bytes = System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetBytes(str); //gb2312編碼 漢字占2個字節、英文字母占1個字節 bytes長度為12
string s = System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetString(new byte[] { bytes[0],bytes[1] });//解碼后為“中”
byte[] bytes = {97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102};
string str = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetString(bytes); //結果為：abcdef ASCII碼表
常用方法：
GetString 已重載。 在派生類中重寫時，將一個字節序列解碼為一個字符串。 GetChars 已重載。 在派生類中重寫時，將一個字節序列解碼為一組字符。 GetBytes 已重載。 在派生類中重寫時，將一組字符編碼為一個字節序列。 GetByteCount 已重載。 在派生類中重寫時，計算對一組字符進行編碼所產生的字節數。 GetCharCount 已重載。 在派生類中被重寫時，計算對字節序列進行解碼所產生的字符數。 GetDecoder 在派生類中重寫時，獲取一個解碼器，該解碼器將已編碼的字節序列轉換為字符序列。 GetEncoder 在派生類中重寫時，獲取一個解碼器，該解碼器將Unicode字符序列轉換為已編碼的字節序列
2.比特數組=>字符串
(1)string str=System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetString(bt); (2)string str=Convert.ToBase64String(bt);
3.字符串=>流
(1)MemoryStream ms=new MemoryStream(System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetBytes("字符串"));
(2)MemoryStream ms=new MemoryStream(Convert.FromBase64String("字符串"));
4.流=>字符串
(1)string str=Convert.ToBase64String(ms.ToArray()); (2)string str=System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetString(ms.ToArray());
5.比特數組=>流
(1)MemoryStream ms=new MemoryStream(bt); (2)MemoryStream ms=new MemoryStream();ms.Read(bt,0,bt.Lenght);
6.流=>比特數組
(1)byte[] bt=ms.ToArray(); (2)MemoryStream ms=new MemoryStream();ms.Write(bt,0,ms.Length);
7、ASCII碼<-------->數字互轉
//ASCII碼轉字符： public static int Asc(string character) { if (character.Length == 1) { System.Text.ASCIIEncoding asciiEncoding = new System.Text.ASCIIEncoding(); int intAsciiCode = (int)asciiEncoding.GetBytes(character)[0]; return (intAsciiCode); } else { throw new Exception("Character is not valid."); } } //數字轉ASCII碼轉字符： public static string Chr(int asciiCode) { if (asciiCode >= 0 && asciiCode <= 255) { System.Text.ASCIIEncoding asciiEncoding = new System.Text.ASCIIEncoding(); byte[] byteArray = new byte[] { (byte)asciiCode }; string strCharacter = asciiEncoding.GetString(byteArray); return (strCharacter); } else { throw new Exception("ASCII Code is not valid."); } }
實戰，解析如下字符串：
0x78,0x32,0x61,0x61,0x30,0x32,0x30,0x30,0x39,0x30,0x37,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x31,0x02,0x58,0x00,0xC8,0x02,0x74,0x00,0x00,0x4E,0x39,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0x1D,0x00,0x02,0x00,0x61,0x0C,0xF0,0x0C,0xEC,0x44,0x44,0x13,0x0C,0xEC,0x0C,0xED,0x0C,0xED,0x0C,0xED,0x0C,0xEC,0x0C,0xEC,0x0C,0xF0,0x0C,0xEF,0x0C,0xEC,0x0C,0xEF,0x0C,0xEF,0x0C,0xEF,0x0C,0xEE,0x0C,0xEE,0x0C,0xEE,0x0C,0xEF,0x0C,0xEE,0x0C,0xEE,0x0C,0xED,0x02,0x44,0x44,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00
public class btinfoModel { public Dictionary<string, int> Dic = new Dictionary<string, int>(); public btinfoModel() { } public btinfoModel(string btinfo) { if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(btinfo)) { return; } var By48 = btinfo.Replace("0x", ""); var ByAry = By48.Split(',').ToList(); List<int> lst = new List<int>(); foreach (var item in ByAry) { var No = Convert.ToInt32(item, 16); lst.Add(No); //Console.WriteLine("數值為：" + No); } Dictionary<string, int> Dic = new Dictionary<string, int>(); Dic.Add("BettaryNum", 16);//電池編號 Dic.Add("Voltage", 2);//電池電壓 Dic.Add("Caption", 2);//電池容量 Dic.Add("TotalVoltage", 2);//總電壓 Dic.Add("Electric", 2);//電流 Dic.Add("BettaryStatus", 1);//電池狀態 Dic.Add("SOC", 1);//soc 電量 Dic.Add("MOS", 1);//MOS狀態 Dic.Add("ljfdrl", 2);//累計放電容量 Dic.Add("ljcdrl", 2);//累計充電容量 Dic.Add("softVersion", 2);//軟件版本號 Dic.Add("heardWareVersion", 2);//硬件版本號 Dic.Add("MaxSigVoltage", 2);//最大單體電壓 Dic.Add("MinSigVoltage", 2);//最小單體電壓 Dic.Add("MaxTemperature", 1);//最大溫度 Dic.Add("MinTemperature", 1);//最小溫度 var SkipVoltageNum = 0; foreach (var item in Dic) { SkipVoltageNum += item.Value; } Dic.Add("VoltageNum", 1);//電壓個數 var VoltageNum = lst.Skip(SkipVoltageNum).Take(1).ToList()[0]; Dic.Add("SigVoltage", VoltageNum * 2);//單體電壓 var SkipTemperature = 0; foreach (var item in Dic) { SkipTemperature += item.Value; } Dic.Add("TemperatureNum", 1);//溫度個數 var TemperatureNum = lst.Skip(SkipTemperature).Take(1).ToList()[0]; Dic.Add("SigTemperature", TemperatureNum * 1);//單體溫度 Dic.Add("Mos_1", 1);//Mos_1 Dic.Add("Mos_2", 1);//Mos_2 Dic.Add("Police", 2);//報警 Dic.Add("ljqcbcs", 2);//連接器插拔次數 Dic.Add("ljcdcs", 2);//累計充電次數 Dic.Add("cdqcdcs", 2);//充電器充電次數 Dic.Add("dgcdcs", 2);//電櫃充電次數 Dic.Add("ggStatus", 1);//觀感狀態 //var TotalLength = 0; //foreach (var item in Dic) //{ // TotalLength += item.Value; //} int TotalNum = 0; foreach (var item in Dic) { var result = lst.Skip(TotalNum).Take(item.Value).ToList(); TotalNum += item.Value; switch (item.Key) { case "BettaryNum": this.BettaryNum = GetAsciiByIntAry(result); break; case "Voltage": this.Voltage = GetValue(result); break; case "Caption": this.Caption = GetValue(result); break; case "TotalVoltage": this.TotalVoltage = GetValue(result); break; case "Electric": this.Electric = GetValue(result); break; case "BettaryStatus": this.BettaryStatus = GetValue(result); break; case "SOC": this.SOC = GetValue(result); break; case "MOS": this.MOS = GetValue(result); break; case "ljfdrl": this.ljfdrl = GetValue(result); break; case "ljcdrl": this.ljcdrl = GetValue(result); break; case "softVersion": this.softVersion = GetValue(result); break; case "heardWareVersion": this.heardWareVersion = GetValue(result); break; case "MaxSigVoltage": this.MaxSigVoltage = GetValue(result); break; case "MinSigVoltage": this.MinSigVoltage = GetValue(result); break; case "MaxTemperature": this.MaxTemperature = GetValue(result)-40; break; case "MinTemperature": this.MinTemperature = GetValue(result)-40; break; case "VoltageNum": this.VoltageNum = GetValue(result); break; case "SigVoltage": this.SigVoltage = string.Join(",", GetSigVoltageValue(result)); break; case "TemperatureNum": this.TemperatureNum = GetValue(result); break; case "SigTemperature": this.SigTemperature = GetSigTemperature(result); break; case "Mos_1": this.Mos_1 = GetValue(result)-40; break; case "Mos_2": this.Mos_2 = GetValue(result)-40; break; case "Police": this.Police = GetValue(result); break; case "ljqcbcs": this.ljqcbcs = GetValue(result); break; case "ljcdcs": this.ljcdcs = GetValue(result); break; case "cdqcdcs": this.cdqcdcs = GetValue(result); break; case "dgcdcs": this.dgcdcs = GetValue(result); break; case "ggStatus": this.ggStatus = GetValue(result); break; } } } public string BettaryNum { get; set; } //電池串號 16位 public int Voltage { get; set; } //電池電壓 public int Caption { get; set; } //電池容量 public int TotalVoltage { get; set; } //總電壓 public int Electric { get; set; } //電流 public int BettaryStatus { get; set; } //電池狀態 public string BettaryStatusString { get { return GetBattaryStatus(BettaryStatus); } } //電池狀態 public int SOC { get; set; } //soc 電量 public int MOS { get; set; } //MOS狀態 public string MOSEjz { get { return GetEjzByInt(MOS, 8); } } //MOS狀態 二進制 public string MOSEjzString { get { return GetMosEjzString(MOSEjz); } } //MOS狀態 中文 public int ljfdrl { get; set; } //累計放電容量 public int ljcdrl { get; set; } //累計充電容量 public int softVersion { get; set; } //軟件版本號 public int heardWareVersion { get; set; } //硬件版本號 public int MaxSigVoltage { get; set; } //最大單體電壓 public int MinSigVoltage { get; set; } //最小單體電壓 public int MaxTemperature { get; set; } //最大溫度 public int MinTemperature { get; set; } //最小溫度 public int VoltageNum { get; set; } //電壓個數 public string SigVoltage { get; set; } //單體電壓 = 電壓個數*2 public int TemperatureNum { get; set; } //溫度個數 public string SigTemperature { get; set; } //單體溫度 =溫度個數*1 public int Mos_1 { get; set; } //Mos_1 public int Mos_2 { get; set; } //Mos_2 public int Police { get; set; } //報警 public string PoliceEjz { get { return GetEjzByInt(Police); } }//報警二進制 public string PoliceEjzString { get { return GetEjzString(PoliceEjz); } }//報警二進制對應的報警值 中文 public int ljqcbcs { get; set; } //連接器插拔次數 public int ljcdcs { get; set; } //累計充電次數 public int cdqcdcs { get; set; } //充電器充電次數 public int dgcdcs { get; set; } //電櫃充電次數 public int ggStatus { get; set; } //觀感狀態 #region 方法集 /// <summary> /// 獲取電池狀態 /// </summary> /// <param name="sb"></param> /// <returns></returns> private string GetBattaryStatus(int sb) { var result = GetAsciiByInt(sb); if (result == "C") { return "充電"; } else if (result == "D") { return "放電"; } else if (result == "N") { return "靜止"; } return "暫無電池狀態"; } /// <summary> /// 獲取電池串號 /// </summary> /// <param name="Ary"></param> /// <returns></returns> private string GetAsciiByIntAry(List<int> Ary) { string result = string.Empty; foreach (var item in Ary) { result += GetAsciiByInt(item); } return result; } /// <summary> /// 根據數字獲取ASCII碼 /// </summary> /// <param name="num"></param> /// <returns></returns> private string GetAsciiByInt(int asciiCode) { if (asciiCode >= 0 && asciiCode <= 255) { System.Text.ASCIIEncoding asciiEncoding = new System.Text.ASCIIEncoding(); byte[] byteArray = new byte[] { (byte)asciiCode }; string strCharacter = asciiEncoding.GetString(byteArray); return (strCharacter); } else { throw new Exception("ASCII Code is not valid."); } } /// <summary> /// 16進制轉十進制 具體參考十六進制的數值 /// </summary> /// <param name="Ary"></param> /// <returns></returns> private int GetValue(List<int> Ary) { double result = 0; var cm = 0; cm = Ary.Count; foreach (var item in Ary) { if (cm - 1 == 0) { result += item; } else { result += item * Math.Pow(16, (cm * 2 - 2)); cm--; } } return Convert.ToInt32(result); } /// <summary> /// 計算單體電壓 單體電壓占2字節，因此需要兩字節合兵一起計算 /// </summary> /// <param name="Ary"></param> /// <returns></returns> private List<int> GetSigVoltageValue(List<int> SigVoltage) { List<int> AeryList = new List<int>(); var cc = SigVoltage.Count; for(int i = 0; i < cc / 2; i++) { var Aery = SigVoltage.Skip(i * 2).Take(2).ToList(); var result = GetValue(Aery); AeryList.Add(result); } return AeryList; } private string GetSigTemperature(List<int> Ary) { List<int> result = new List<int>(); foreach (var item in Ary) { var citem = item - 40; result.Add(citem); } return string.Join(",", result.ToArray()); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="Number">數字</param> /// <param name="bitNum">位數 16位沾二字節 8位占一字節</param> /// <returns></returns> private string GetEjzByInt(int Number,int bitNum=16) { var result = Convert.ToString((ushort)Number, 2); var len = result.Length; if (len < 16) { for (int i = 0; i < bitNum - len; i++) { result = "0" + result; } } return result; } /// <summary> /// 根據二進制 獲取報警值 /// 0000000000000011 數字3 從右至左移位 非別為0到15位 /// </summary> /// <param name="ejz"></param> /// <returns></returns> private string GetEjzString(string ejz) { string result = string.Empty; var charAry = ejz.ToCharArray(); foreach (var item in charAry) { if (item.ToString() == "1") { switch (charAry.ToList().IndexOf(item)) { case 0: result+="MOS溫度高_"; break; case 1: result+= "短路_"; break; case 2: result+= "放電低溫_"; break; case 3: result+= "放電高溫_"; break; case 4: result+= "充電低溫_"; break; case 5: result+= "充電高溫_"; break; case 6: result+=""; break; case 7: result+=""; break; case 8: result+= "SOC低_"; break; case 9: result+= "充電過流_"; break; case 10: result+= "放電過流_"; break; case 11: result+=""; break; case 12: result+=""; break; case 13: result+= "單體欠壓_"; break; case 14: result+= "單體過壓_"; break; case 15: result+= "盲充過流_"; break; } } } return result; } private string GetMosEjzString(string ejz) { string result = string.Empty; var charAry = ejz.ToCharArray(); foreach (var item in charAry) { if (item.ToString() == "1") { switch (charAry.ToList().IndexOf(item)) { case 0: result += ""; break; case 1: result += ""; break; case 2: result += ""; break; case 3: result += ""; break; case 4: result += ""; break; case 5: result += ""; break; case 6: result += "放電"; break; case 7: result += "充電"; break; } } } return result; } #endregion }
結果：
@天才卧龍的博客