說到netty通訊,回憶了下,還是18年的時候,學了了netty,至今就學習的時候寫過一個項目。最近閑生,被要求做一個netty通訊的項目,順手,總結一下,之前寫的項目。
當時是寫了一款訪微信聊天的軟件,所以用到了netty通訊,廢話不過說,我們來直接上代碼吧。
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
@Slf4j
@Component
public class WSServer {
private static class SingletionWSServer {
static final WSServer instance = new WSServer();
}
public static WSServer getInstance() {
return SingletionWSServer.instance;
}
private EventLoopGroup mainGroup;
private EventLoopGroup subGroup;
private ServerBootstrap server;
private ChannelFuture future;
public WSServer() {
// 主線程組
mainGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
// 子線程組
subGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
// netty服務器的創建,ServerBootstrap是一個啟動類
server = new ServerBootstrap();
server.group(mainGroup, subGroup)// 設置主從線程組
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)// 設置nio雙向通道
.childHandler(new WSServerInitializer());// 子處理器,用於處理subGroup
}
/**
* 啟動
*/
public void start() {
this.future = server.bind(9700);
System.err.println("netty websocket server 啟動完畢...");
log.info("netty websocket server 啟動完畢...");
}
}
這個類用於創建netty的服務端鏈接,下面我們來配置啟動的一些配置。
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpObjectAggregator;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpServerCodec;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.WebSocketServerProtocolHandler;
import io.netty.handler.stream.ChunkedWriteHandler;
import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleStateHandler;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
@Slf4j
public class WSServerInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
System.out.println("初始化 SocketChannel");
log.info("初始化 SocketChannel");
ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
//websocket 基於http協議,所以要http編解碼器
pipeline.addLast(new HttpServerCodec());
//對寫大數據流的支持
pipeline.addLast(new ChunkedWriteHandler());
//對httpMessage進行聚合,聚合成FullHttpRequest或FullHttpResponse
//幾乎在netty中的編程,都會使用到此hanler
pipeline.addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(1024*64));
//========================以上是用於支持http協議========================
//========================增加心跳支持 start ========================
//針對客戶端,如果在1分鍾時沒有想服務端發送寫心跳(ALL),則主動斷開
//如果是讀空閑或者寫空閑,不處理
pipeline.addLast(new IdleStateHandler(8, 10, 12));
//自定義的空閑檢測
pipeline.addLast(new HeartBeatHandler());
//========================增加心跳支持 end ========================
/**
* websocket服務器處理的協議,用於指定給客戶端連接訪問的路由: /ws
* 本Handler會幫助你處理一些繁重的復雜的事
* 會幫你處理握手動作: handshaking(close, ping, pong) ping + pong = 心跳
* 對於websocket來講,都是以frames進行傳輸的,不同的數據類型對應的frames也不同
*/
pipeline.addLast(new WebSocketServerProtocolHandler("/ws"));
//自定義hanler
pipeline.addLast(new ChatHandler());
}
}
自定義空閑檢測
import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleState;
import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleStateEvent;
/**
* 用於檢測channel的心跳的handler 繼承 ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter 從而不需要實現 channelRead0方法
*
* @author wb0024
*
*/
public class HeartBeatHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
@Override
public void userEventTriggered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object evt) throws Exception {
// 判斷evt是否是IdleStateEvent(用於觸發用戶事件,包含 讀空閑/寫空閑/讀寫空閑)
if (evt instanceof IdleStateEvent) {
IdleStateEvent event = (IdleStateEvent) evt; // 強制類型轉換
if (event.state() == IdleState.READER_IDLE) {
System.out.println("進入讀空閑...");
} else if (event.state() == IdleState.WRITER_IDLE) {
System.out.println("進入寫空閑...");
} else if (event.state() == IdleState.ALL_IDLE) {
System.out.println("channel關閉前users數量為:"+ChatHandler.users.size());
System.out.println("進入讀寫空閑...");
Channel channel = ctx.channel();
//關閉無用的channel,以防資源浪費
channel.close();
System.out.println("channel關閉后users數量為:"+ChatHandler.users.size());
}
}
}
}
自定義hanler
import com.imooc.enums.MsgActionEnum;
import com.imooc.utils.JsonUtils;
import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
import io.netty.channel.group.ChannelGroup;
import io.netty.channel.group.DefaultChannelGroup;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.TextWebSocketFrame;
import io.netty.util.concurrent.GlobalEventExecutor;
/**
* 處理消息的handler
*
* @author wb0024 TextWebSocketFrame:在netty中,是用於為websocket專門處理文本的對象,frame是消息的載體
*/
public class ChatHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<TextWebSocketFrame> {
// 用於記錄和管理所有客戶端的channel
public static ChannelGroup users = new DefaultChannelGroup(GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE);
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, TextWebSocketFrame msg) throws Exception {
// 獲取客戶端傳輸過來的消息
String content = msg.text();
System.out.println("處理消息的handler:" + content);
Channel currentChannel = ctx.channel();
// 1. 獲取客戶端發送的消息
DataContent dataContent = JsonUtils.jsonToPojo(content, DataContent.class);
Integer action = dataContent.getAction();
System.out.println("action:" + action);
// 2. 判斷消息類型,根據不同的類型來處理不同的業務
if (action == MsgActionEnum.CONNECT.type) {
// 2.1 當websocket 第一次open的時候,初始化channel,把用戶的channel和userId關聯起來
String senderId = dataContent.getChatMsg().getSenderId();
UserChannelRel.put(senderId, currentChannel);
// 測試
for (Channel channel : users) {
System.out.println(channel.id().asLongText());
}
UserChannelRel.output();
} else if (action == MsgActionEnum.CHAT.type) {
// 2.2 聊天類型的消息,把聊天記錄保存到數據庫,同時標記消息的簽收狀態[未簽收]
ChatMsg chatMsg = dataContent.getChatMsg();
String receiverId = chatMsg.getReceiverId();
DataContent dataContentMsg = new DataContent();
dataContentMsg.setChatMsg(chatMsg);
// 發送消息
// 從全局用戶channel關系中獲取接受方的channel
Channel receiverChannel = UserChannelRel.get(receiverId);
if (receiverChannel != null) {
// 當receiverChannel不為空的時候,從 ChannelGroup 去查找對應的channel是否存在
Channel findChannel = users.find(receiverChannel.id());
if (findChannel != null) {
// 用戶在線
receiverChannel.writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame(JsonUtils.objectToJson(dataContentMsg)));
}
}
} else if (action == MsgActionEnum.KEEPALIVE.type) {
// 2.4 心跳類型的消息
System.out.println("收到來自channel為[" + currentChannel + "]的心跳包");
}
}
/**
* 當客戶連接服務端之后(打開鏈接) 獲取客戶端的channel,並且放到ChannelGroup中去進行管理
*/
@Override
public void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
users.add(ctx.channel());
}
@Override
public void handlerRemoved(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
String channelId = ctx.channel().id().asLongText();
System.out.println("客戶端被移除,channelId為:" + channelId);
// 當觸發handlerRemoved,ChannelGroup會自動移除對應的客戶端channel
users.remove(ctx.channel());
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
cause.printStackTrace();
// 發生異常之后關鍵channel。隨后從ChannelGroup 中移除
ctx.channel().close();
users.remove(ctx.channel());
}
}
定義channel管理
import java.util.HashMap;
import io.netty.channel.Channel;
/**
* 用戶id和channel的關聯關系處理
*
* @author wb0024
*
*/
public class UserChannelRel {
private static HashMap<String, Channel> manager = new HashMap<>();
public static void put(String senderId, Channel channel) {
manager.put(senderId, channel);
}
public static Channel get(String senderId) {
return manager.get(senderId);
}
public static void output() {
for (HashMap.Entry<String, Channel> entry : manager.entrySet()) {
System.out.println("UserId:" + entry.getKey() +
",ChannelId:" + entry.getValue().id().asLongText());
}
}
}
其他類
import java.io.Serializable;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
public class ChatMsg implements Serializable {
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private String senderId; // 發送者的用戶id
private String receiverId; // 接受者的用戶id
private String msg; // 聊天內容
private String msgId; // 用於消息的簽收
}
import java.io.Serializable;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
public class DataContent implements Serializable {
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private Integer action; // 動作類型
private ChatMsg chatMsg; // 用戶的聊天內容對象
private String extand; // 擴展字段
}
好了,到了這里一個簡單的netty通訊就做好了
