nginx將http請求轉發到https(二)


轉載自:https://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/6187072.html

網站添加了https證書后,當http方式訪問網站時就會報404錯誤,所以需要做http到https的強制跳轉設置.

一、采用nginx的rewrite方法

1) 下面是將所有的http請求通過rewrite重寫到https上。
    例如將所有的dev.wangshibo.com域名的http訪問強制跳轉到https。
    下面配置均可以實現:
 
配置1:
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name dev.wangshibo.com;
    index index.html index.php index.htm;
   
    access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
    error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
     
    rewrite ^(.*)$  https://$host$1 permanent;        //這是ngixn早前的寫法,現在還可以使用。
  
    location ~ / {
    root /var/www/html/8080;
    index index.html index.php index.htm;
    }
}
 
================================================================
上面的跳轉配置rewrite ^(.*)$  https://$host$1 permanent;
也可以改為下面
rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://dev.wangshibo.com/$1 permanent;
或者
rewrite ^ http://dev.wangshibo.com$request_uri? permanent;
================================================================
 
配置2:
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name dev.wangshibo.com;
    index index.html index.php index.htm;
   
    access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
    error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
 
    return      301 https://$server_name$request_uri;      //這是nginx最新支持的寫法
  
    location ~ / {
    root /var/www/html/8080;
    index index.html index.php index.htm;
    }
}
 
配置3:這種方式適用於多域名的時候,即訪問wangshibo.com的http也會強制跳轉到https://dev.wangshibo.com上面
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com;
    index index.html index.php index.htm;
   
    access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
    error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
     
    if ($host ~* "^wangshibo.com$") {
    rewrite ^/(.*)$ https://dev.wangshibo.com/ permanent;
    }
  
    location ~ / {
    root /var/www/html/8080;
    index index.html index.php index.htm;
    }
}
 
配置4:下面是最簡單的一種配置
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name dev.wangshibo.com;
    index index.html index.php index.htm;
   
    access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
    error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
     
    if ($host = "dev.wangshibo.com") {
       rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://dev.wangshibo.com permanent;
    }
 
    location ~ / {
    root /var/www/html/8080;
    index index.html index.php index.htm;
    }
}

二、采用nginx的497狀態碼 (非標准443端口的https情況下使用的強轉配置方式)

497 - normal request was sent to HTTPS 
解釋:當網站只允許https訪問時,當用http訪問時nginx會報出497錯誤碼
  
思路:
利用error_page命令將497狀態碼的鏈接重定向到https://dev.wangshibo.com這個域名上
 
配置實例:
如下訪問dev.wangshibo.com或者wangshibo.com的http都會被強制跳轉到https
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com;
    index index.html index.php index.htm;
   
    access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
    error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
     
    error_page 497  https://$host$uri?$args; 
  
    location ~ / {
    root /var/www/html/8080;
    index index.html index.php index.htm;
    }
}
 
 
也可以將80和443的配置放在一起:
server { 
    listen       127.0.0.1:443;  #ssl端口 
    listen       127.0.0.1:80;   #用戶習慣用http訪問,加上80,后面通過497狀態碼讓它自動跳到443端口 
    server_name  dev.wangshibo.com; 
    #為一個server{......}開啟ssl支持 
    ssl                  on; 
    #指定PEM格式的證書文件  
    ssl_certificate      /etc/nginx/wangshibo.pem;  
    #指定PEM格式的私鑰文件 
    ssl_certificate_key  /etc/nginx/wangshibo.key; 
       
    #讓http請求重定向到https請求  
    error_page 497  https://$host$uri?$args; 
 
    location ~ / {
    root /var/www/html/8080;
    index index.html index.php index.htm;
    }
}

如果遇到非標准443端口的https情況下,則http到https的強轉配置就需要使用上面這種497狀態碼的方式了。如下:

server {
    listen 9443 ssl;
    server_name www.kevin.com;
    error_page 497 https://$server_name:9443$request_uri;
     
    ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/cert/kevin.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/cert/kevin.key;
.........
 
這樣訪問http://www.kevin.com:9443 就會自動跳轉到https://www.kevin.com:9443。
這種方式直接配置https端口就可以,不需要再配置http端口。

三、利用meta的刷新作用將http跳轉到https

上述的方法均會耗費服務器的資源,可以借鑒百度使用的方法:巧妙的利用meta的刷新作用,將http跳轉到https
可以基於http://dev.wangshibo.com的虛擬主機路徑下寫一個index.html,內容就是http向https的跳轉
 
將下面的內容追加到index.html首頁文件內
[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/www/html/8080/index.html
<html> 
<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0;url=https://dev.wangshibo.com/"> 
</html>
 
[root@localhost ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/test.conf
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com;
    index index.html index.php index.htm;
   
    access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
    error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
     
    #將404的頁面重定向到https的首頁 
    error_page  404 https://dev.wangshibo.com/;  
  
    location ~ / {
    root /var/www/html/8080;         
    index index.html index.php index.htm;
    }
}

這里分享一個nginx反代tomcat,並且http強制跳轉至https的配置示例(這里訪問http://zrx.wangshibo.com和訪問http://172.29.34.33:8080/zrx/結果是一樣的)

[root@BJLX_34_33_V vhosts]# cat zrx.conf
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name zrx.wangshibo.com;
    index index.html index.php index.htm;
    
    access_log  logs/access.log;
    error_log   logs/error.log;
  
    return      301 https://$server_name$request_uri;     
     
    location ~ / {
    root /data/nginx/html;
    index index.html index.php index.htm;
    }
    }
 
 
[root@BJLX_34_33_V vhosts]# cat ssl-zrx.conf
upstream tomcat8 {
    server 172.29.34.33:8080 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
}
 
server {
   listen 443;
   server_name zrx.wangshibo.com;
   ssl on;
 
   ### SSL log files ###
   access_log logs/ssl-access.log;
   error_log logs/ssl-error.log;
 
### SSL cert files ###
   ssl_certificate ssl/wangshibo.cer;     
   ssl_certificate_key ssl/wangshibo.key;  
   ssl_session_timeout 5m;
 
   location / {
        proxy_pass http://tomcat8/zrx/;                                     
        proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https;
        proxy_redirect off;
    }
}

四、通過proxy_redirec方式

解決辦法:
# re-write redirects to http as to https, example: /home
proxy_redirect http:// https://;


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