一、Vagrant是什么？
vagrant是一個操作虛擬機的工具.是一個基於Ruby的工具，用於創建和部署虛擬化開發環境。 通過命令和配置文件來管理虛擬機,很快就能完成一套開發環境的部署,並可以打包傳播,統一了開發環境,也解決了重復配置環境的麻煩.
二、Vargant的好處
1. Vagrant會創建共享文件夾，用來在主機和虛擬機之間進行資源共享；
2. Vagrant通過添加box鏡像進行快速部署，部署完畢后可以通過package進行打包分發，避免二次重建環境；
3. Vagrant可以使用puppet、chref等管理工具進行自動化配置部署；
4. Vagrant支持單機模擬多台機器，且支持一個配置文件Vagrantfile就可以跑分布式系統。
三、准備工作
win7下建議安裝版本
1.vagrant_1.8.6.msi
2.VirtualBox-5.1.24-117012-Win.exe
win10下建議安裝版本
我這里是Win10系統，剛開始不清楚，裝的是最新的VirtualBox-5.2.8-121009-Win.exe+Vagrant 2.1.1啟動就報錯，后來上網一搜說是版本不兼容造成的。我這里有兩台電腦都是win10的有台電腦上死活裝不上，有台電腦卻能裝上。。跟win10系統版本也有關系?我這系統版本是:
四、進行安裝
1.安裝VirtualBox
VirtualBox安裝就不多說了，一直下一步下一步就行了。
2.安裝Vagrant
Vargrant下載win版的，然后一直下一步下一步就行了。
3.下載package.box
去vagrant官網下載一個package.box 文件，box文件就是一個系統的鏡像文件 :
http://www.vagrantbox.es/
4.把虛擬機加載到box容器中
下載好之后，在該目錄下執行命令加載鏡像文件到Vagrant中去:
vagrant box add centos7 xxxx.box
centos7是給虛擬機起的名字 ,隨意寫。然后可以通過以下命令查看，當前vagrant下有那些可用
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C:\Users\fendo>vagrant box list
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centos7 (virtualbox, 0)
5.初始化虛擬機
在你想要創建虛擬機的目錄下，執行以下命令進行初始化
vagrant init centos7
會生成一個Vagrantfile文件,該文件就是Vagrant的配置文件。
6.啟動虛擬機
在該目錄下輸入:
vagrant up
啟動報錯:
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E:\OS_WORK\Node1>vagrant up
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Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
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==> default: Importing base box 'centos7'...
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==> default: Matching MAC address for NAT networking...
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==> default: Setting the name of the VM: Node1_default_1525964151077_64147
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"rsync" could not be found on your PATH. Make sure that rsync
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is properly installed on your system and available on the PATH.
修改:
C:\Users\{your_username}\.vagrant.d\boxes\centos7\0\virtualbox\Vagrantfile
原配置：
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Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
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config.vm.base_mac = "525400cae48b"
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config.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant", type: "rsync"
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end
改為：
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Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
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config.vm.base_mac = "525400cae48b"
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config.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant", type: "virtualbox"
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end
然后啟動，報如下錯誤:
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E:\OS_WORK\Node1>vagrant up
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Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
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==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
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==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
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default: Adapter 1: nat
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==> default: Forwarding ports...
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default: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1)
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==> default: Booting VM...
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==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
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default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
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default: SSH username: vagrant
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default: SSH auth method: private key
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default:
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default: Vagrant insecure key detected. Vagrant will automatically replace
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default: this with a newly generated keypair for better security.
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default:
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default: Inserting generated public key within guest...
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default: Removing insecure key from the guest if it's present...
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default: Key inserted! Disconnecting and reconnecting using new SSH key...
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==> default: Machine booted and ready!
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==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM...
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default: No guest additions were detected on the base box for this VM! Guest
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default: additions are required for forwarded ports, shared folders, host only
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default: networking, and more. If SSH fails on this machine, please install
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default: the guest additions and repackage the box to continue.
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default:
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default: This is not an error message; everything may continue to work properly,
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default: in which case you may ignore this message.
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==> default: Mounting shared folders...
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default: /vagrant => E:/OS_WORK/Node1
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Vagrant was unable to mount VirtualBox shared folders. This is usually
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because the filesystem "vboxsf" is not available. This filesystem is
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made available via the VirtualBox Guest Additions and kernel module.
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Please verify that these guest additions are properly installed in the
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guest. This is not a bug in Vagrant and is usually caused by a faulty
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Vagrant box. For context, the command attempted was:
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mount -t vboxsf -o uid=1000,gid=1000 vagrant /vagrant
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The error output from the command was:
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mount: unknown filesystem type 'vboxsf'
中文意思就是:
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vagrant 無法裝載VirtualBox的共享文件夾,因為文件系統"vboxsf"無法使用.
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這個文件系統通過VirtualBox客戶添加內核模塊獲得,請確認是否被正確安裝.
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這不是vagrant的問題,而是VirtualBox引起的問題.
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請嘗試執行,以下命令:
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mount -t vboxsf -o uid=1001,gid=1001 work_ /work
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命令輸出的錯誤信息為:
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sbin/mount.vboxsf:掛載失敗:找不到這個文件或目錄
網上說的是，是Vagrant沒有安裝VBoxGuestAdditions，下面來手工安裝VitrualBox的這個增強功能：
●使用命令
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E:\OS_WORK\Node1>vagrant halt
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==> default: Attempting graceful shutdown of VM...
停止已在運行的虛擬機
●啟動VirtualBox中的虛擬機
直接在VirtualBox中啟動虛擬機，如下所示進行登錄：
輸入默認用戶名 : vagrant , 登錄密碼 : vagrant
●掛載並安裝VBoxGuestAdditions
掛載辦法如下所示：設備->安裝增強功能
提示以下錯誤
手動安裝下，在VirtualBox安裝目錄下找到VBoxGuestAdditions.iso
加載進來，之后重啟下,使用以下命令安裝VBoxGuestAdditions
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sudo mount /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom
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cd /media/cdrom/
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sudo ./VBoxLinuxAddtions.run
發現還是不行，然后又執行以下命令更新了下系統
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sudo yum update
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sudo yum install gcc
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sudo yum install kernel-devel
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exit #退出虛擬機
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vagrant halt # 關閉虛擬機
后面還是不行。然后使用vagrant命令進行安裝
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E:\OS_WORK\Node1>vagrant plugin install vagrant-vbguest
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Installing the 'vagrant-vbguest' plugin. This can take a few minutes...
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Installed the plugin 'vagrant-vbguest (0.15.1)'!
之后重啟
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E:\OS_WORK\Node1>vagrant reload --provision
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==> default: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports...
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==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
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==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
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default: Adapter 1: nat
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==> default: Forwarding ports...
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default: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1)
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==> default: Booting VM...
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==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
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default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
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default: SSH username: vagrant
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default: SSH auth method: private key
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==> default: Machine booted and ready!
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[default] No installation found.
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Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
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Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
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* base: mirrors.shu.edu.cn
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* extras: mirrors.shu.edu.cn
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* updates: mirrors.shu.edu.cn
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Package kernel-devel-3.10.0-862.2.3.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
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Package gcc-4.8.5-28.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
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Package binutils-2.27-27.base.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
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Package 1:make-3.82-23.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
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Package 4:perl-5.16.3-292.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
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Package bzip2-1.0.6-13.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
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Nothing to do
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Copy iso file C:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox/VBoxGuestAdditions.iso into the box /tmp/VBoxGuestAdditions.iso
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Mounting Virtualbox Guest Additions ISO to: /mnt
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mount: /dev/loop0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
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Installing Virtualbox Guest Additions 5.1.24 - guest version is unknown
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Verifying archive integrity... All good.
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Uncompressing VirtualBox 5.1.24 Guest Additions for Linux...........
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VirtualBox Guest Additions installer
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Copying additional installer modules ...
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Installing additional modules ...
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vboxadd.sh: Starting the VirtualBox Guest Additions.
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Could not find the X.Org or XFree86 Window System, skipping.
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Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start vboxadd.service
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Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start vboxadd-service.service
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Unmounting Virtualbox Guest Additions ISO from: /mnt
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==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM...
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==> default: Mounting shared folders...
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default: /vagrant => E:/OS_WORK/Node1
復制
然后啟動:
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E:\OS_WORK\Node1>vagrant up
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Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
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==> default: Machine already provisioned. Run `vagrant provision` or use the `--provision`
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==> default: flag to force provisioning. Provisioners marked to run always will still run.
五、Vagrant連接
1.虛擬機相關登錄信息
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E:\OS_WORK\Node1>vagrant ssh
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`ssh` executable not found in any directories in the %PATH% variable. Is an
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SSH client installed? Try installing Cygwin, MinGW or Git, all of which
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contain an SSH client. Or use your favorite SSH client with the following
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authentication information shown below:
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Host: 127.0.0.1
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Port: 2222
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Username: vagrant
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Private key: E:/OS_WORK/Node1/.vagrant/machines/default/virtualbox/private_key
這樣我們就可以像連接到一台服務器一樣進行操作了。
2.ssh登錄
window機器不支持這樣的命令，必須使用第三方客戶端來進行連接，例如xmoba、putty、Xshell等.
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ssh: 127.0.0.1
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端口: 2222
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用戶名: vagrant
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密碼: vagrant
這里使用Xshell來登錄
找到剛剛上面生成的秘鑰:
E:/OS_WORK/Node1/.vagrant/machines/default/virtualbox/private_key
然后點擊確定，進行連接
注意事項：
注意關機之前都要關閉下虛擬機。如果不關閉的話 明天早上起來就發現啟動不了
在.Vagrantfile文件中設置：
設置用戶名以及密碼：
config.ssh.username = "vagrant"
config.ssh.password = "vagrant"
設置虛擬網絡
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"
六、Vagrant常用命令
1. 添加box
提前下載好的box文件，~/box/centos.box，我們給這個box命名為centos vagrant box add centos ~/box/centos.box#box文件也可以是遠程地址 base 為默認名稱#vagrant box add base http://files.vagrantup.com/lucid64.box
2. 初始化
打開目錄#cd ~/vagrant/work#初始化vagrant init#如果你添加的box名稱不是base，那么需要在初始化的時候指定名稱，例如vagrant init centos
3. 啟動虛擬機
vagrant up
4. 打包分發
vagrant package
5. 幫助命令
vagrant help
6. 查看vagrant版本信息
vagrant -v
Vagrant命令詳解
| 命令 | 作用 |
| vagrant box add | 添加box的操作 |
| vagrant init | 初始化box的操作，會生成vagrant的配置文件Vagrantfile |
| vagrant up | 啟動本地環境 |
| vagrant ssh | 通過 ssh 登錄本地環境所在虛擬機 |
| vagrant halt | 關閉本地環境 |
| vagrant suspend | 暫停本地環境 |
| vagrant resume | 恢復本地環境 |
| vagrant reload | 修改了 Vagrantfile 后，使之生效（相當於先 halt，再 up） |
| vagrant destroy | 徹底移除本地環境 |
| vagrant box list | 顯示當前已經添加的box列表 |
| vagrant box remove | 刪除相應的box |
| vagrant package | 打包命令，可以把當前的運行的虛擬機環境進行打包 |
| vagrant plugin | 用於安裝卸載插件 |
| vagrant status | 獲取當前虛擬機的狀態 |
| vagrant global-status | 顯示當前用戶Vagrant的所有環境狀態 |