RHEL高級磁盤管理—VDO
VDO簡介
Virtual Data Optimizer通過數據去重、壓縮的方式來優化存儲空間。VDO層放置在現有塊存儲設備上，例如Raid設備、本地磁盤設備。LVM或文件系統 放置在VDO層之上，也可以將VDO放在LVM層之上VDO工具需要用戶手動安裝，安裝完成后即可使用vdo命令創建、添加、刪除、激活、停止等操作
VDO安裝
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y vdo
vdo常用的選項
- vdo語法：
vdo command - command常用的參數：
create 創建一個VDO卷及其關聯索引使其可用。
remove 刪除一個或多個已停止的VDO卷和相關卷索引。
modify 修改一個或所有VDO的配置參數卷。更改將在VDO下次運行時生效設備啟動;已經運行的設備則不是受到影響。
list 顯示已啟動VDO卷的列表。如果,所有指定它同時顯示已啟動和未啟動卷。
start 啟動一個或多個已停止、激活的VDO卷相關的服務。
status 以YAML格式報告VDO系統和卷狀態。但是，這個命令不需要root特權如果沒有，信息將是不完整的。
stop 停止一個或多個正在運行的VDO卷和相關卷服務。
activate 激活一個或多個VDO卷。激活卷可以使用“開始”命令啟動。
deactivate 使一個或多個VDO卷失效。停用不能通過“start”命令啟動卷。停用當前正在運行的卷不會停止它。
growLogical 增加VDO卷的邏輯大小。卷必須存在並且必須正在運行。
growPhysical 增加VDO卷的物理大小。卷必須存在並且必須正在運行。
使用vdo示例
目標： 使用為分區的磁盤，創建名為vdoname的vdo卷，並掛載到/vdodir目錄下，並且能開機自定掛載
- 查看已經存在的未分區的磁盤
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk /dev/sda
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 80G 0 disk
使用磁盤分區創建vdo卷（也可以使用整個未分區的磁盤創建分區，在分區上創建vdo卷；如果使用這種方法，首先要清除磁盤上的簽名）
- 創建一個磁盤分區
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-167772159, default 2048):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-167772159, default 167772159): +20G
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 20 GiB.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
- 查看該磁盤分區
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 80G 0 disk
└─sda1 8:1 0 20G 0 part //這是剛剛創建的磁盤分區
sr0 11:0 1 7.3G 0 rom /mnt
nvme0n1 259:0 0 80G 0 disk
├─nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─nvme0n1p2 259:2 0 79G 0 part
├─rhel-root 253:0 0 50G 0 lvm /
├─rhel-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
└─rhel-home 253:2 0 27G 0 lvm /home
- 在/dev/sda1上創建vdo卷（注意：創建的分區不需要格式化）
[root@localhost ~]# vdo create --name=vdoname --device=/dev/sda1 --vdoLogicalSize=8G
Creating VDO vdoname
Starting VDO vdoname
Starting compression on VDO vdoname
VDO instance 2 volume is ready at /dev/mapper/vdoname
- 查看已經創建的vdo卷
[root@localhost ~]# vdo list
vdoname
或者使用lsblk查看
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk /dev/sda
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 80G 0 disk
└─sda1 8:1 0 20G 0 part
└─vdoname 253:3 0 8G 0 vdo
- 格式化vdo卷，格式化類型xfs
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/mapper/vdoname
meta-data=/dev/mapper/vdoname isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=524288 blks
= sectsz=4096 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
= reflink=1
data = bsize=4096 blocks=2097152, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=4096 sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
- 查看已經創建的vdo卷的屬性
[root@localhost ~]# vdostats --si
Device Size Used Available Use% Space saving%
/dev/mapper/vdoname 21.5G 4.3G 17.2G 20% 99%
或者使用blkid查看
[root@localhost ~]# blkid /dev/mapper/vdoname
/dev/mapper/vdoname: UUID="e7bf09bb-1203-4eef-8837-cd802ef11ded" TYPE="xfs"
- 掛載vdo卷，掛載目錄
/vdodir
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /vdodir
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/mapper/vdoname /vdodir/
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 886M 0 886M 0% /dev
tmpfs 903M 0 903M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 903M 8.6M 894M 1% /run
tmpfs 903M 0 903M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel-root 50G 2.2G 48G 5% /
/dev/mapper/rhel-home 27G 225M 27G 1% /home
/dev/nvme0n1p1 1014M 171M 844M 17% /boot
tmpfs 181M 0 181M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 7.4G 7.4G 0 100% /mnt
/dev/mapper/vdoname 8.0G 90M 8.0G 2% /vdodir //已經掛載成功
- 查看掛載后的vdo卷的信息
[root@localhost ~]# vdostats --si
Device Size Used Available Use% Space saving%
/dev/mapper/vdoname 21.5G 4.3G 17.2G 20% 98%
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk /dev/mapper/vdoname
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
vdoname 253:3 0 8G 0 vdo /vdodir
- 開機自動掛載vdo卷
[root@localhost ~]# echo "/dev/mapper/vdoname /vdodir xfs defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed Aug 26 03:25:38 2020
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'.
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info.
#
# After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd
# units generated from this file.
#
/dev/mapper/rhel-root / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=234365dc-2262-452e-9cbb-a6acfde04385 /boot xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/rhel-home /home xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/vdoname /vdodir xfs defaults 0 0
- 刪除一個vdo卷
[root@localhost ~]# umount /vdodir/ //如果已經掛載，需要先卸載
[root@localhost ~]# vdo remove --name=vdoname
Removing VDO vdoname
Stopping VDO vdoname
[root@localhost ~]# vdo list
或者使用lsblk查看
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk /dev/sda
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 80G 0 disk
└─sda1 8:1 0 20G 0 part
RHEL高級磁盤管理—Stratis
Stratis簡介
- RHEL8.0本地存儲管理工具
- 通過
Stratis可以便捷的使用精簡配置（Thin Provisioning）、快照（Snapshots）、基於池（Pool-based）的管理和監控等高級存儲功能 Stratis基於xfs文件系統格式，創建filesystem后不需要格式化；例如：在pool池中創建file文件系統，則file文件系統的類型已經是xfs格式，不需要在去格式化- 守護進程：
stratisd
安裝Stratisd服務
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y stratisd stratis-cli
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now stratisd
使用Stratis的整體操作流程
- 選擇完好的塊設備（磁盤或者分區）
- 創建
pool - 在
pool中創建文件系統（filesystem）
使用Stratis創建pool示例
- 創建完好的磁盤分區
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk /dev/sda
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 80G 0 disk
└─sda1 8:1 0 20G 0 part
- 創建pool前查看塊設備是否存在簽名認證，如果有則必須先清除塊設備上的簽名認證，才能繼續使用
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 80 GiB, 85899345920 bytes, 167772160 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x4b000bc8
Disklabel部分就是塊設備的簽名認證，需要清除該簽名認證
[root@localhost ~]# wipefs -a /dev/sda
/dev/sda: 2 bytes were erased at offset 0x000001fe (dos): 55 aa
/dev/sda: calling ioctl to re-read partition table: Success
清除后，再次查看塊設備的簽名信息
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 80 GiB, 85899345920 bytes, 167772160 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
- 創建pool池，一般是要求1G以上大小的塊設備，才能創建pool池
[root@localhost ~]# stratis pool create pool-one /dev/sda1 //pool-one是pool的名稱；/dev/sda1是拿來使用的塊設備
[root@localhost ~]# stratis pool list
Name Total Physical Size Total Physical Used
pool-one 20 GiB 52 MiB
- 向已經存在的pool池中添加塊設備
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk /dev/sda2
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda2 8:2 0 20G 0 part
[root@localhost ~]# stratis pool add-data pool-one /dev/sda2
[root@localhost ~]# stratis pool list
Name Total Physical Size Total Physical Used
pool-one 40 GiB 72 MiB //容量比原來擴大了
- 同時將兩塊塊設備添加到同一個pool池中
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk /dev/sda3 /dev/sda4
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda3 8:3 0 10G 0 part
sda4 8:4 0 20G 0 part
[root@localhost ~]# stratis pool create pool-two /dev/sda3 /dev/sda4
[root@localhost ~]# stratis pool list
Name Total Physical Size Total Physical Used
pool-one 40 GiB 72 MiB
pool-two 30 GiB 56 MiB
- 查看pool-one池和pool-two池中所使用的塊設備
[root@localhost ~]# stratis blockdev list pool-one
Pool Name Device Node Physical Size State Tier
pool-one /dev/sda1 20 GiB InUse Data
pool-one /dev/sda2 20 GiB InUse Data
[root@localhost ~]# stratis blockdev list pool-two
Pool Name Device Node Physical Size State Tier
pool-two /dev/sda3 10 GiB InUse Data
pool-two /dev/sda4 20 GiB InUse Data
- 查看pool-one池和pool-two池中塊設備的信息
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk /dev/sda
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 80G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 20G 0 part
│ └─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-physical-originsub 253:3 0 40G 0 stratis
│ ├─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-flex-thinmeta 253:4 0 32M 0 stratis
│ │ └─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-thinpool-pool 253:7 0 40G 0 stratis
│ ├─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-flex-thindata 253:5 0 40G 0 stratis
│ │ └─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-thinpool-pool 253:7 0 40G 0 stratis
│ └─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-flex-mdv 253:6 0 16M 0 stratis
├─sda2 8:2 0 20G 0 part
│ └─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-physical-originsub 253:3 0 40G 0 stratis
│ ├─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-flex-thinmeta 253:4 0 32M 0 stratis
│ │ └─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-thinpool-pool 253:7 0 40G 0 stratis
│ ├─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-flex-thindata 253:5 0 40G 0 stratis
│ │ └─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-thinpool-pool 253:7 0 40G 0 stratis
│ └─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-flex-mdv 253:6 0 16M 0 stratis
├─sda3 8:3 0 10G 0 part
│ └─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-physical-originsub 253:8 0 30G 0 stratis
│ ├─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-flex-thinmeta 253:9 0 16M 0 stratis
│ │ └─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-thinpool-pool 253:12 0 30G 0 stratis
│ ├─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-flex-thindata 253:10 0 30G 0 stratis
│ │ └─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-thinpool-pool 253:12 0 30G 0 stratis
│ └─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-flex-mdv 253:11 0 16M 0 stratis
└─sda4 8:4 0 20G 0 part
└─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-physical-originsub 253:8 0 30G 0 stratis
├─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-flex-thinmeta 253:9 0 16M 0 stratis
│ └─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-thinpool-pool 253:12 0 30G 0 stratis
├─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-flex-thindata 253:10 0 30G 0 stratis
│ └─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-thinpool-pool 253:12 0 30G 0 stratis
└─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-flex-mdv 253:11 0 16M 0 stratis
使用Stratis創建filesystem示例
- 在pool-one池中創建filesystem（一次只能創建一個filesystem）
[root@localhost ~]# stratis filesystem create pool-one file-one //pool-one是pool的名稱；file-one是filesystem的名稱
[root@localhost ~]# stratis filesystem list //列出已經擁有的filesystem
Pool Name Name Used Created Device UUID
pool-one file-one 546 MiB Sep 20 2020 20:33 /stratis/pool-one/file-one deeb42ce571542cab33afcbfece6dd0a
- 查看指定pool池中擁有的filesystem
[root@localhost ~]# stratis filesystem list pool-one
Pool Name Name Used Created Device UUID
pool-one file-one 546 MiB Sep 20 2020 20:33 /stratis/pool-one/file-one deeb42ce571542cab33afcbfece6dd0a
- 掛載filesystem，掛載點：
/fsdir
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /fsdir
[root@localhost ~]# mount /stratis/pool-one/file-one /fsdir/
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 886M 0 886M 0% /dev
tmpfs 903M 0 903M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 903M 8.7M 894M 1% /run
tmpfs 903M 0 903M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel-root 50G 1.7G 49G 4% /
/dev/nvme0n1p1 1014M 173M 842M 17% /boot
/dev/mapper/rhel-home 27G 225M 27G 1% /home
tmpfs 181M 0 181M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 7.4G 7.4G 0 100% /mnt
/dev/mapper/stratis-1-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-thin-fs-deeb42ce571542cab33afcbfece6dd0a 1.0T 7.2G 1017G 1% /fsdir
- 寫入到/etc/fstab配置文件中，建議使用UUID，因為使用name的話，每次更新name，都要對配置文件進行刷新
[root@localhost ~]# blkid /stratis/pool-one/file-one
/stratis/pool-one/file-one: UUID="deeb42ce-5715-42ca-b33a-fcbfece6dd0a" TYPE="xfs"
[root@localhost ~]# echo "UUID=deeb42ce-5715-42ca-b33a-fcbfece6dd0a /fsdir xfs defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
[root@localhost ~]# tail -3 /etc/fstab
/dev/mapper/rhel-home /home xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
UUID=deeb42ce-5715-42ca-b33a-fcbfece6dd0a /fsdir xfs defaults 0 0