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四、keepalived的安裝部署及配置文件詳解

本文轉載自   查看原文   2020-09-17 20:11   437    LVS&&keepalived

keepalived的安裝部署及配置文件詳解

一、實驗環境

[root@inode1 ~]# uname -r
 3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64
[root@inode1 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core) 

keepalived安裝版本：
keepalived-2.0.20.tar.gz

二、keepalived的安裝

 yum install -y keepalived 

注意：keepalived與3.10的內核有兼容性問題，不建議源碼安裝

三、keepalived.conf詳解

vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

#全局定義塊
global_defs {
   notification_email {   #指定keepalived在發生切換時需要發送email到的對象，一行一個;
     wgkgood@gmail.com    
   }    
   notification_email_from  root@localhost    #指定發件人
   smtp_server  mail.jfedu.net                   #指定smtp服務器地址
   smtp_connect_timeout 3                      #指定smtp連接超時時間
   router_id LVS_DEVEL                         #運行keepalived機器的標識,使用hostname
}    
#監控Nginx進程            
vrrp_script    chk_nginx  {    
  script "/data/script/nginx.sh"             #監控服務腳本，腳本x執行權限；
  interval 2                                   #檢測時間間隔(執行腳本間隔)
  weight 2                                   #腳本條件成立，優先級+2（"-"為減）
}                
#VRRP實例定義塊                
vrrp_sync_group VG_1{                       #監控多個網段的實例
  group {                 
    VI_1                                        #實例名
    VI_2    
  }    
  notify_master /data/sh/nginx.sh      #指定當切換到master時，執行的腳本（常用與掛載文件系統）
  notify_backup /data/sh/nginx.sh   #指定當切換到backup時，執行的腳本（常用與掛載文件系統）
  notify   /data/sh/nginx.sh                  #發生任何切換，均執行的腳本
  smtp_alert         #使用global_defs中提供的郵件地址和smtp服務器發送郵件通知（不常用）；
}        
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
inode1和inode2
yum install -y nginx

inode1
echo "www.inode1.com" > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
[root@inode1 ~]# curl 192.168.32.101
www.inode1.com
 
inode2
echo "www.inode2.com" > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
[root@inode4 ~]# curl 192.168.32.102
www.inode2.com
 
         
 
 
         

}
 
        
 
         
         
        
四、實戰案例
 
        
1、部署keepalived+nginx高可用
 
        
實驗環境
 
        
 
         
keepalived:
      inode1:192.168.32.101  master
      inode2:192.168.32.102  backup
nginx:
    inode1:192.168.32.101-----www.inode3.com
    inode2:192.168.32.102-----www.inode4.com

VIP地址：192.168.32.222
 
        
 
        
nginx部署
 
        
 
         
inode1和inode2
yum install -y nginx

inode1
echo "www.inode1.com" > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
[root@inode1 ~]# curl 192.168.32.101
www.inode1.com
 
inode2
echo "www.inode2.com" > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
[root@inode4 ~]# curl 192.168.32.102
www.inode2.com
 
        
 
        
keepalived部署
 
        
 
         
inode1和inode2
yum install -y keepalived

 
        
 
        
inode1 master的keepalived.conf文件
 
        
 
         
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
    notification_email {
       yaowangxi@163.com
    }
    notification_email_from 1521684269@qq.com
    smtp_server 183.3.225.42
    #qq smtp_server ip
    smtp_connect_timeout 30
    router_id LVS_1
}

vrrp_script chk_nginx  {
    script "/server/sh/nginx_status.sh"
    interval 2
    weight 2                               
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }

    virtual_ipaddress {
       192.168.32.222
    }

   track_script {
    chk_nginx
   }
}
 
        
 
         
         
        
inode2 backup的keepalived.conf文件
 
        
 
         
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
    notification_email {
       yaowangxi@163.com
    }
    notification_email_from 1521684269@qq.com
    smtp_server 183.3.225.42
    #qq smtp_server ip
    smtp_connect_timeout 30
    router_id LVS_1
}

vrrp_script chk_nginx  {
    script "/server/sh/nginx_status.sh"
    interval 2
    weight 2                               
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 90
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }

    virtual_ipaddress {
       192.168.32.222
    }

   track_script {
    chk_nginx
   }
}
 
        
 
        
nginx_status.sh
 
        
 
         
#!/bin/bash
if [ $(pidof nginx|wc -l) -eq 0 ];then
        systemctl stop keepalived.service
fi  

chomd o+x /server/sh/nginx_status.sh    
 
        
 
        
啟動keepalived
 
        
 
         
[root@inode1 sh]# systemctl start keepalived
[root@inode1 sh]# ps -ef |grep keepalived
root      12219      1  0 06:29 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root      12220  12219  0 06:29 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root      12221  12219  0 06:29 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root      12253   2016  0 06:29 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto keepalived

[root@inode1 sh]# systemctl start keepalived
[root@inode1 sh]# ps -ef |grep keepalived
root      12219      1  0 06:29 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root      12220  12219  0 06:29 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root      12221  12219  0 06:29 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root      12253   2016  0 06:29 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto keepalived
 
        
 
         
         
        
查看VIP地址
 
        
 
         
[root@inode1 sh]# ip add list|grep 192.168.32.222
inet 192.168.32.222/32 scope global eth0

 
        
 
        
訪問192.168.32.222的頁面
 
        
 
         
[root@inode1 sh]# curl 192.168.32.222
www.inode1.com

 
        
 
        
關閉inode1上的nginx
 
        
 
         
[root@inode1 sh]# nginx -s stop
[root@inode1 sh]# ip add list|grep 192.168.32.222
[root@inode1 sh]# ps -ef |grep keepalived
root      12688   2016  0 06:33 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto keepalived
 
        
 
        
再次訪問192.168.32.222的頁面
 
        
 
         
[root@inode1 sh]# curl 192.168.32.222
www.inode2.com
頁面內容為inode2的內容

 
        
 
        
在inode2上查看VIP
 
        
 
         
[root@inode2 sh]# ip addr list|grep 192.168.32.222
inet 192.168.32.222/32 scope global eth0

 
        
 
        
VIP地址已經漂移到了inode2上
 
        
重啟inode1的nginx和keepalived
 
        
 
         
[root@inode1 sh]# nginx
[root@inode1 sh]# systemctl start keepalived
[root@inode1 sh]# ip addr |grep 192.168.32.222
inet 192.168.32.222/32 scope global eth0
 
        
 
        
可以看下inode1上nginx和keepalived啟動后，VIP有回到了inode1上，原因為，inode1上的keepalived的優先級高於inode2的優先級。
 
         
         
        
在一些情況下，由於業務的特殊需求，不要master搶占VIP。如下配置：
 
        
在inode1 master下配置
 
        
 
         
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
    notification_email {
       yaowangxi@163.com
    }
    notification_email_from 1521684269@qq.com
    smtp_server 183.3.225.42
    #qq smtp_server ip
    smtp_connect_timeout 30
    router_id inode1
}

vrrp_script chk_nginx  {
    script "/server/sh/nginx_status.sh"
    interval 2
    weight 2                               
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP    #把state 該為BACKUP，因為不搶占只在BACKUP下有效   
    nopreempt       #不搶占
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }

    virtual_ipaddress {
       192.168.32.222
    }

   track_script {
    chk_nginx
   }
}
 
        
 
        
關閉inode1上的nginx
 
        
 
         
[root@inode1 sh]# nginx -s stop
[root@inode1 sh]# ip addr |grep 192.168.32.222
[root@inode1 sh]# curl 192.168.32.222
 www.inode2.com
#VIP已經漂移到了inode2上
 
        
 
        
inode1重啟nginx和keepalived
 
        
 
         
[root@inode1 sh]# nginx
[root@inode1 sh]# systemctl start keepalived
[root@inode1 sh]# curl 192.168.32.222
www.inode2.com
[root@inode1 sh]# ip addr |grep 192.168.32.222
#可以看到inode1沒有搶占VIP
 
        
 
        
2、部署mysql主主+keepalived
 
        
實驗環境：
 
        
 
         
client:
    inode3:192.168.32.103      
 
mysql：
    inode1:192.168.32.101
    inode2:192.168.32.102
 
keepalived：
   inode1:192.168.32.101
   inode2:192.168.32.102
 
VIP: 192.168.32.222

keepalived不搶占VIP
 
        
 
        
1、mysql部署
 
        
 
         
inode1和inode2
yum install -y mariadb mariadb-server mariadb-devel

 
        
 
        
2、mysql啟動和初始化
 
        
 
         
inode1和inode2
systemctl start mariadb

 
        
 
        
3、修改my.cnf,在[mysqld]模塊下添加log_bin和server_id兩項，並重啟mariadb
 
        
inode1
 
        
 
         
[mysqld]
log_bin=inode1-bin
server_id=101

 
        
 
        
inode2
 
        
 
         
[mysqld]
log_bin=inode2-bin
server_id=102

 
        
 
        
inode1和inode2
 
        
 systemctl restart mariadb 
 
        
部署mysql主主
 
        
inode1和indoe2
 
        
 
         
配置遠程登陸賬戶和密碼
mysql -uroot -e "grant all on *.* to "root"@'192.168.32.%' identified by '123456';"

配置主主
mysql -uroot -e "grant replication slave on *.* to "tongbu"@'192.168.32.%' identified by '123456';"
 
        
 
        
inode1主 inode2從
 
        
 
         
[root@inode1 ~]# mysql -uroot -e "show master status;"
 +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
 | File              | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
 +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
 | inode1-bin.000001 |      535 |              |                  |
 +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

[root@inode2 sh]# mysql -uroot -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.32.101',MASTER_USER='tongbu',MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',MASTER_PORT=3306,MASTER_LOG_FILE='inode1-bin.000001',MASTER_LOG_POS=535;"
 
        
 
        
inode2主 inode1從
 
        
 
         
[root@inode2 sh]# mysql -uroot -e "show master status;"
 +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
 | File              | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
 +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
 | inode2-bin.000001 |      535 |              |                  |
 +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

[root@inode1 ~]# mysql -uroot -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.32.102',MASTER_USER='tongbu',MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',MASTER_PORT=3306,MASTER_LOG_FILE='inode2-bin.000001',MASTER_LOG_POS=535;"
 
        
 
        
啟動start slave inode1和inode2
 
        
 mysql -uroot -e "start slave;" 
 
        
查看主主
 
        
 
         
[root@inode1 ~]# mysql -uroot -e "show slave status\G;"|awk /Running/
         Slave_IO_Running: Yes
        Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

[root@inode2 sh]# mysql -uroot -e "show slave status\G;"|awk /Running/
         Slave_IO_Running: Yes
        Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
 
        
 
        
4、keepalived部署
 
        
 
         
inode1和inode2
yum install -y keepalived

 
        
 
        
inode1 master的keepalived.conf文件
 
        
 
         
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
    notification_email {
       yaowangxi@163.com
    }
    notification_email_from 1521684269@qq.com
    smtp_server 183.3.225.42
    #qq smtp_server ip
    smtp_connect_timeout 30
    router_id inode1
}

vrrp_script chk_mysql  {
    script "/server/sh/mysql_status.sh"
    interval 2
    weight 2                               
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }

    virtual_ipaddress {
       192.168.32.222
    }

   track_script {
    chk_mysql
   }
}
 
        
 
        
inode2 backup的keepalived.conf文件
 
        
 
         
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
    notification_email {
       yaowangxi@163.com
    }
    notification_email_from 1521684269@qq.com
    smtp_server 183.3.225.42
    #qq smtp_server ip
    smtp_connect_timeout 30
    router_id inode1
}

vrrp_script chk_mysql  {
    script "/server/sh/mysql_status.sh"
    interval 2
    weight 2                               
}

vrrp_instance VI_2 {
    state BACKUP
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 90
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }

    virtual_ipaddress {
       192.168.32.222
    }

   track_script {
    chk_mysql
   }
}
 
        
 
        
mysql_status.sh
 
        
 
         
#!/bin/bash
NUM=$(ps -ef|grep mysql|grep -v grep|grep -v mysql_status.sh|wc -l)
if [ $NUM -eq 0 ];then
    systemctl stop keepalived
fi

chomd o+x /server/sh/mysql_status.sh    
 
        
 
        
啟動keepalived
 
        
 
         
systemctl start keepalived

[root@inode1 ~]# systemctl start keepalived
[root@inode1 ~]# ps -ef |grep keepalived
root      13735      1  0 06:43 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root      13736  13735  0 06:43 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root      13737  13735  0 06:43 ?        00:00:01 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root      17793   2016  0 07:21 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto keepalived

[root@inode2 ~]# systemctl start keepalived
[root@inode2 ~]# ps -ef |grep keepalived
root      13735      1  0 06:43 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root      13736  13735  0 06:43 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root      13737  13735  0 06:43 ?        00:00:01 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root      17793   2016  0 07:21 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto keepalived
 
        
 
        
測試：
 
        
先查看inode1和inode2上的數據庫
 
        
 
         
[root@inode1 ~]# mysql -uroot -e "show databases;"
 +--------------------+
 | Database           |
 +--------------------+
 | information_schema |
 | mysql              |
 | performance_schema |
 +--------------------+

[root@inode2 ~]# mysql -uroot -e "show databases;"
 +--------------------+
 | Database           |
 +--------------------+
 | information_schema |
 | mysql              |
 | performance_schema |
 +--------------------+
 
        
 
        
在inode3上可以使用VIP登陸mysql，並創建ywx數據庫
 
        
 [root@inode3 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 192.168.32.222 -e "create database ywx charset=utf8;" 
 
        
再次查看inode1和inode2上的數據庫
 
        
 
         
[root@inode1 ~]# mysql -uroot -e "show databases;"grep ywx
 +--------------------+
 | Database           |
 +--------------------+
 | information_schema |
 | mysql              |
 | performance_schema |
 | ywx                |
 +--------------------+

[root@inode2 ~]# mysql -uroot -e "show databases;"grep ywx
 +--------------------+
 | Database           |
 +--------------------+
 | information_schema |
 | mysql              |
 | performance_schema |
 | ywx                |
 +--------------------+
 
        
 
        
查看VIP地址
 
        
 
         
[root@inode2 ~]# ip addr list|grep 192.168.32.222
inet 192.168.32.222/32 scope global eth0
#vip在inode2上

 
        
 
        
測試：
 
        
 
         
關閉indoe2上的數據庫，再次在inode3上使用VIP查看數據ywx

[root@inode2 sh]# ip addr list|grep 192.168.32.222   
inet 192.168.32.222/32 scope global eth0
[root@inode2 sh]# systemctl stop mariadb
[root@inode2 sh]# ip addr list|grep 192.168.32.222   
[root@inode2 sh]# 

[root@inode1 sh]# ip addr list |grep 192.168.32.222
inet 192.168.32.222/32 scope global eth0

[root@inode3 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 192.168.32.222 -e "show databases;"
 +--------------------+
 | Database           |
 +--------------------+
 | information_schema |
 | mysql              |
 | performance_schema |
 | ywx                |
 +--------------------+
 
        
 
        
inode3任然可以訪問數據庫
 
        
3、使用keepalived+mysql主主，配置2個VIP
 
        
要求：
 
        
 
         
VIP1：192.168.32.222
      inode1為master inode2為backup
VIP2: 192.168.32.223
      inode2為master inode1為backup   

 
        
 
        
keepalived.conf配置如下：
 
        
indoe1:
 
        
 
         
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
    notification_email {
       yaowangxi@163.com
    }
    notification_email_from 1521684269@qq.com
    smtp_server 183.3.225.42
    #qq smtp_server ip
    smtp_connect_timeout 30
    router_id inode1
}

vrrp_script chk_mysql  {
    script "/server/sh/mysql_status.sh"
    interval 2
    weight 2                               
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }

    virtual_ipaddress {
       192.168.32.222
    }

   track_script {
    chk_mysql
   }
}

vrrp_instance VI_3 {
    state MASTER
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 52
    priority 90
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }

    virtual_ipaddress {
       192.168.32.223
    }

   track_script {
    chk_mysql
   }
}
 
        
 
        
indoe1:
 
        
 
         
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
    notification_email {
       yaowangxi@163.com
    }
    notification_email_from 1521684269@qq.com
    smtp_server 183.3.225.42
    #qq smtp_server ip
    smtp_connect_timeout 30
    router_id inode1
}

vrrp_script chk_mysql  {
    script "/server/sh/mysql_status.sh"
    interval 2
    weight 2                               
}

vrrp_instance VI_2 {
    state BACKUP
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 90
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }

    virtual_ipaddress {
       192.168.32.222
    }

   track_script {
    chk_mysql
   }
}

vrrp_instance VI_4 {
    state MASTER
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 52
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }

    virtual_ipaddress {
       192.168.32.223
    }

   track_script {
    chk_mysql
   }
}
 
        
 
        
查看VIP分布
 
        
 
         
[root@inode1 sh]# ip addr list |egrep "192.168.32.22[2|3]"
inet 192.168.32.222/32 scope global eth0

[root@inode2 sh]# ip addr list|egrep "192.168.32.22[2|3]"
inet 192.168.32.223/32 scope global eth0
 
        
 
        
在inode3上放為VIP1和VIP2
 
        
 
         
[root@inode3 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 192.168.32.222 -e "show databases;"
 +--------------------+
 | Database           |
 +--------------------+
 | information_schema |
 | mysql              |
 | performance_schema |
 | ywx                |
 +--------------------+
   
[root@inode3 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 192.168.32.223 -e "show databases;"
 +--------------------+
 | Database           |
 +--------------------+
 | information_schema |
 | mysql              |
 | performance_schema |
 | ywx                |
 +--------------------+
 
        
 
        
關閉inode2上的mysql，VIP2會漂移到inode1上
 
        
 
         
[root@inode2 sh]# ip addr list|egrep "192.168.32.22[2|3]"
inet 192.168.32.223/32 scope global eth0
[root@inode2 sh]# systemctl stop mariadb
[root@inode2 sh]# ip addr list|egrep "192.168.32.22[2|3]"
[root@inode2 sh]# 

[root@inode1 sh]# ip addr list |egrep "192.168.32.22[2|3]"
inet 192.168.32.222/32 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.32.223/32 scope global eth0
 
        
 
        
 
 
       
 
        
       
 
        
 
 
       
 
        
       
 
       
 
      
 
      
 
      
 
     
 
     
 
      
 
      
 
        
       
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