Centos6.8升級到7.8的全過程（親測好使）

本文轉載自查看原文 2020-09-03 11:11 2862 linux操作系統/ linux系統

一、 升級背景原因

公司因業務需要購買了一台工作站，預裝的是win10系統，公司需要centos7.8系統，則進行系統的更改，但是在更改安裝系統時無法直接安裝centos7.8系統，經過多番嘗試確定只能安裝centos6.8系統，最后只能安裝后再進行升級！

二、 升級過程

首先在安裝的centos6.8系統執行yum update –y升級到6.10，再開始升級到7.2，再升級到7.8就ok啦！

1.首先下載yum源，

wget –O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo

2.更新源

#vim /etc/yum.repos.d/upgrade.repo

[upgrade]

name=upgrade

baseurl=https://buildlogs.centos.org/centos/6/upg/x86_64/

enable=1

gpgcheck=0

3. 卸載6.x自帶的較新的助手，並安裝老版,否則會報錯。（我的版本中沒有可卸載的安裝包）

#yum erase openscap -y

#以下無法連接

#yum install http://dev.centos.org/centos/6/upg/x86_64/Packages/openscap-1.0.8-1.0.1.el6.centos.x86_64.rpm -y

#以下兩個連接都有效

yum install ftp://ftp.pbone.net/mirror/ftp.scientificlinux.org/linux/scientific/6.5/x86_64/updates/fastbugs/openscap-1.0.8-1.el6_5.x86_64.rpm -y

yum install https://buildlogs.centos.org/centos/6/upg/x86_64/Packages/openscap-1.0.8-1.0.1.el6.centos.x86_64.rpm -y

4. 安裝升級系統助手

#利用到upgrade.repo源

#yum install redhat-upgrade-tool preupgrade-assistant-contents -y

5.檢測是否可以升級

#preupg -s CentOS6_7

Preupg tool doesn't do the actual upgrade.

Please ensure you have backed up your system and/or data in the event of a failed upgrade

that would require a full re-install of the system from installation media.

Do you want to continue? y/n

Gathering logs used by preupgrade assistant:

All installed packages : 01/11 ...finished (time 00:00s)

All changed files : 02/11 ...finished (time 01:56s)

Changed config files : 03/11 ...finished (time 00:00s)

All users : 04/11 ...finished (time 00:00s)

All groups : 05/11 ...finished (time 00:00s)

RedHat signed packages : 10/11 ...finished (time 00:00s)

CentOS signed packages : 11/11 ...finished (time 00:00s)

......

Tarball with results is stored here /root/preupgrade-results/preupg_results-200304120406.tar.gz .

The latest assessment is stored in directory /root/preupgrade .

Summary information:

We found some critical issues. In-place upgrade is not advised.

Read the file /root/preupgrade/result.html for more details.

Upload results to UI by command:

e.g. preupg -u http://127.0.0.1:8099/submit/ -r /root/preupgrade-results/preupg_results-*.tar.gz .

6.導入CentOS7的key

#rpm --import http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

7.開始升級

#嘗試過多個系統版本，均無法升級。

#centos-upgrade-tool-cli --network 7 --instrepo=http://vault.centos.org/centos/7.2.1511/os/x86_64/ --force

setting up repos...

cmdline-instrepo

cmdline-instrepo/primary_db

No upgrade available for the following repos: base extras updates upgrade.treeinfo

preupgrade-assistant risk check found EXTREME risks for this upgrade.

Run preupg --riskcheck --verbose to view these risks.

Continuing with this upgrade is not recommended.

然后使用清華大學的源就沒問題了

centos-upgrade-tool-cli --network 7 --instrepo=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos-vault/7.2.1511/os/x86_64/ --force

也可以下載鏡像升級，

上傳Centos7.2-DVD.iso文件

執行升級操作

centos-upgrade-tool-cli --iso=/path/centos7.2-dvd.iso --force

結束后進行重啟

setting up repos...

.treeinfo | 1.1 kB 00:00

Preupgrade assistant risk check found risks for this upgrade.

You can run preupg --riskcheck --verbose to view these risks.

Addressing high risk issues is required before the in-place upgrade

and ignoring these risks may result in a broken upgrade and unsupported upgrade.

Please backup your data.

...

(276/277): zlib-1.2.7-17.el7.x86_64.rpm | 90 kB 00:00

(277/277): zlib-devel-1.2.7-17.el7.x86_64.rpm | 50 kB 00:00

testing upgrade transaction

rpm transaction 100% [======================================================================================================================================================]

rpm install 100% [==========================================================================================================================================================]

setting up system for upgrade

Finished. Reboot to start upgrade.

重啟后查看升級后的系統版本

cat /etc/redhat-release

#CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)

配置Centos7.4的yum源地址（可不做）

執行升級命令即可

yum upgrade 和 yum update -y

三、 升級后的問題處理

檔升級完重啟后，發現無法進行ssh連接，

ssh: connect to host x.x.x.x port 22: Connection refused

好吧，不是還可以登錄 web 的終端，接上顯示器后發現網卡和yum源都不好使，登錄上，看到確實升級到了 CentOS 7 了，查看 sshd 服務情況，確實服務沒啟動：

# systemctl status sshd

● sshd.service - OpenSSH server daemon

Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)

Active: activating (auto-restart) (Result: exit-code) since 三 2017-03-15 15:05:33 CST; 24s ago

Docs: man:sshd(8)

man:sshd_config(5)

Process: 1788 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/sshd $OPTIONS (code=exited, status=127)

Main PID: 1696 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

CGroup: /system.slice/sshd.service

├─1710 sshd: root@pts/0

├─1712 -bash

└─1789 systemctl status sshd

3月 15 15:05:33 allen05ren systemd[1]: sshd.service: control process exited, code=exited status=127

3月 15 15:05:33 allen05ren systemd[1]: Failed to start OpenSSH server daemon.

3月 15 15:05:33 allen05ren systemd[1]: Unit sshd.service entered failed state.

3月 15 15:05:33 allen05ren systemd[1]: sshd.service failed.

那就啟動一下看看，發現啟動不了，那就重新安裝一下 ssh 服務，發現 yum 用不了：

# yum

There was a problem importing one of the Python modules

required to run yum. The error leading to this problem was:

libsasl2.so.2: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

Please install a package which provides this module, or

verify that the module is installed correctly.

It's possible that the above module doesn't match the

current version of Python, which is:

2.7.5 (default, Nov 20 2015, 02:00:19)

[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-4)]

If you cannot solve this problem yourself, please go to

the yum faq at:

http://yum.baseurl.org/wiki/Faq

不行就重新安裝一下 yum 看看，看看 rpm 安裝了什么版本的 yum，好吧 rpm 也用不了：

# rpm -qa|grep yum

grep: error while loading shared libraries: libpcre.so.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

搜索引擎搜索，發現只要做個軟連接就可以了：

# ls -l /usr/lib64/libsasl2.so*

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 3月 15 14:14 /usr/lib64/libsasl2.so -> libsasl2.so.3.0.0

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 3月 15 14:12 /usr/lib64/libsasl2.so.3 -> libsasl2.so.3.0.0

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 121296 11月 21 2015 /usr/lib64/libsasl2.so.3.0.0

# ln -s /usr/lib64/libsasl2.so.3.0.0 /usr/lib64/libsasl2.so.2

# yum

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

You need to give some command

Usage: yum [options] COMMAND

List of Commands:

check Check for problems in the rpmdb

check-update Check for available package updates

clean Remove cached data

deplist List a package's dependencies

libpcre.so.0 也軟連接一下，都恢復正常了：

# ls -l /usr/lib64/libpcre.so*

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 3月 15 14:13 /usr/lib64/libpcre.so -> libpcre.so.1.2.0

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 3月 15 14:12 /usr/lib64/libpcre.so.1 -> libpcre.so.1.2.0

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 398272 11月 20 2015 /usr/lib64/libpcre.so.1.2.0

# ln -s /usr/lib64/libpcre.so.1.2.0 /usr/lib64/libpcre.so.0

# rpm -qa|grep yum

yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64

yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-34.el7.noarch

yum-3.4.3-132.el7.centos.0.1.noarch

發現再啟動 ssh 服務也可以正常啟動了，可以愉快地連接了。

整個升級過程差不多就告一段落了，再繼續升級或做一些收尾的工作，比如上面升級時提示存在的哪些問題，然后再執行：

#查看殘留的 CentOS 6.x 的文件包

rpm -qa | grep -i el6

查看一下殘留的 CentOS 6.x 的文件包，不用的就卸載或卸載后重新安裝 CentOS 7.x 的版本，這里就又遇到一個問題：grep 包還是 CentOS 6.x 的版本（雖然不影響使用）且版本號比當前 CentOS 7.x 的版本的版本還高，並且有大量其他包依賴此包，這時候就可以使用 yum 的軟件包降版本命令：

yum downgrade grep

yum update 更新過程中報錯

Finished Dependency Resolution

Error: Package: nettle-3.2-2.el6.x86_64 (epel)

Requires: libgmp.so.3()(64bit)

Error: Package: gnutls-3.3.26-9.el7.x86_64 (base)

Requires: libnettle.so.4()(64bit)

Removing: nettle-2.7.1-4.el7.x86_64 (installed)

libnettle.so.4()(64bit)

Updated By: nettle-3.2-2.el6.x86_64 (epel)

~libnettle.so.6()(64bit)

Available: nettle-2.7.1-8.el7.x86_64 (base)

libnettle.so.4()(64bit)

Error: Package: gnutls-3.3.26-9.el7.x86_64 (base)

Requires: libhogweed.so.2()(64bit)

Removing: nettle-2.7.1-4.el7.x86_64 (installed)

libhogweed.so.2()(64bit)

Updated By: nettle-3.2-2.el6.x86_64 (epel)

~libhogweed.so.4()(64bit)

Available: nettle-2.7.1-8.el7.x86_64 (base)

libhogweed.so.2()(64bit)

You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem

** Found 28 pre-existing rpmdb problem(s), 'yum check' output follows:

cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64 has missing requires of libgmp.so.3()(64bit)

elfutils-libs-0.163-3.el7.x86_64 has missing requires of elfutils-libelf(x86-64) = ('0', '0.163', '3.el7')

libgcj-4.4.7-18.el6.x86_64 has missing requires of libgmp.so.3()(64bit)

libkadm5-1.10.3-65.el6.x86_64 has missing requires of krb5-libs(x86-64) = ('0', '1.10.3', '65.el6')

libkadm5-1.10.3-65.el6.x86_64 has missing requires of libkdb5.so.6()(64bit)

libkadm5-1.10.3-65.el6.x86_64 has missing requires of libkdb5.so.6(kdb5_6_MIT)(64bit)

ppl-0.10.2-11.el6.x86_64 has missing requires of libgmp.so.3()(64bit)

python-argparse-1.2.1-2.1.el6.noarch has missing requires of python(abi) = ('0', '2.6', None)

python-backports-ssl_match_hostname-3.4.0.2-5.el6.noarch has missing requires of python(abi) = ('0', '2.6', None)

python-crypto-2.6.1-2.el6.x86_64 has missing requires of libpython2.6.so.1.0()(64bit)

python-crypto-2.6.1-2.el6.x86_64 has missing requires of python(abi) = ('0', '2.6', None)

python-futures-3.0.3-1.el6.noarch has missing requires of python(abi) = ('0', '2.6', None)

python-jinja2-2.7.3-1.el6.noarch has missing requires of python(abi) = ('0', '2.6', None)

python-msgpack-0.4.6-1.el6.x86_64 has missing requires of libpython2.6.so.1.0()(64bit)

python-msgpack-0.4.6-1.el6.x86_64 has missing requires of python(abi) = ('0', '2.6', None)

python-requests-2.6.0-4.el6.noarch has missing requires of python(abi) = ('0', '2.6', None)

python-requests-2.6.0-4.el6.noarch has missing requires of python-ordereddict >= ('0', '1.1', None)

python-tornado-4.2.1-1.el6.x86_64 has missing requires of libpython2.6.so.1.0()(64bit)

python-tornado-4.2.1-1.el6.x86_64 has missing requires of python(abi) = ('0', '2.6', None)

python-urllib3-1.10.2-3.el6.noarch has missing requires of python(abi) = ('0', '2.6', None)

python-urllib3-1.10.2-3.el6.noarch has missing requires of python-ordereddict

python-zmq-14.5.0-2.el6.x86_64 has missing requires of libpython2.6.so.1.0()(64bit)

python-zmq-14.5.0-2.el6.x86_64 has missing requires of python(abi) = ('0', '2.6', None)

1:redhat-upgrade-tool-0.7.22-3.el6.centos.noarch has missing requires of preupgrade-assistant >= ('0', '1.0.2', '4')

1:redhat-upgrade-tool-0.7.22-3.el6.centos.noarch has missing requires of python(abi) = ('0', '2.6', None)

salt-2016.3.4-1.el6.noarch has missing requires of /usr/bin/python2.6

salt-2016.3.4-1.el6.noarch has missing requires of python(abi) = ('0', '2.6', None)

salt-minion-2016.3.4-1.el6.noarch has missing requires of /usr/bin/python2.6

這是由於EPEL版本不對導致的，依次執行下面的命令就好了

yum remove epel-release

yum --enablerepo=extras install epel-release

yum clean all

執行完上面的命令后有可能還會報下面的錯