89--spring cloud (zuul-API網關/與feign的比較)

本文轉載自查看原文 2020-09-01 21:06 643 spring cloud(微服務)

zuul-API網關

zuul-API網關

zuul API 網關，為微服務應用提供統一的對外訪問接口。
zuul 還提供過濾器，對所有微服務提供統一的請求校驗。

zuul

統一調用入口

創建項目-zuul

導入依賴

Eureka Client,zuul

導入基本commons依賴

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.3.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>cn.tedu</groupId>
    <artifactId>sp11-zuul</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>sp11-zuul</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR8</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.tedu</groupId>
            <artifactId>sp01-commons</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

application.yml配置

spring:
  application:
    name: zuul
server:
  port: 3001
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka,http://eureka2:2002/eureka
zuul:
  routes:
    item-service: /item-service/**
    user-service: /user-service/**
    order-service: /order-service/**

主程序

主程序添加@EnableZuulProxy注解,啟動zuul

package cn.tedu.sp11;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;

@EnableZuulProxy
@SpringBootApplication
public class Sp11ZuulApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Sp11ZuulApplication.class, args);
    }

}

啟動測試

http://eureka1:2001
http://localhost:3001/item-service/35
http://localhost:3001/item-service/decreaseNumber
使用postman，POST發送以下格式數據：
[{"id":1, "name":"abc", "number":23},{"id":2, "name":"def", "number":11}]
http://localhost:3001/user-service/7
http://localhost:3001/user-service/7/score?score=100
http://localhost:3001/order-service/123abc
http://localhost:3001/order-service/

統一權限校驗-zuul 請求過濾

zuul過濾器

添加過濾器，判斷用戶權限

自定義過濾器，繼承過濾器父類 ZuulFilter
只需要添加 @Component 注解，zuul會完成自動配置

package cn.tedu.sp11.filter;
//過濾器

import cn.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;
import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;
import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext;
import com.netflix.zuul.exception.ZuulException;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.support.FilterConstants;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
@Component
public class AccessFilter extends ZuulFilter {
    /*
    filterType 指過濾器類型  pre post routing error
     */
    @Override
    public String filterType() {
        return FilterConstants.PRE_TYPE;
    }
    /*
    filterOrder 順序號 指定過濾器插入的位置
    在默認過濾器中，第5個過濾器在上下文對象中添加了service-id,
    在第5個過濾器之后，層能從上下文對象訪問到service-id

     */
    @Override
    public int filterOrder() {
        return 6;
    }
    /*
        對當前請求來說,是否要進行過濾,
        如果返回true,則要進行過濾,會執行過濾的run()方法
        如果返回false,跳過過濾代碼,繼續執行后面的流程
     */
    @Override
    public boolean shouldFilter() {
        //判斷用戶調用是否是商品服務
        //如果是商品服務,則進行過濾
        //如果不是,則不過濾
        //當前請求的上下文對象
        RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
        //從上下文對象中獲取客戶端調用的service id
        String serviceId =(String) ctx.get(FilterConstants.SERVICE_ID_KEY);
        return "item-service".equals(serviceId);
    }
    /*
    過濾代碼
    他的返回值,在當前版本中,沒有啟用,返回任何數據都無效
     */
    @Override
    public Object run() throws ZuulException {
        //
        RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
        HttpServletRequest request = ctx.getRequest();
        String token = request.getParameter("token");
        if (StringUtils.isBlank(token)){
            //沒有token 則阻止訪問
            ctx.setSendZuulResponse(false);

            //直接向客戶端發送響應
            //返回JsonResult : { code:400 ,msg :not log in ,data : null}
            ctx.setResponseStatusCode(JsonResult.NOT_LOGIN);
            ctx.setResponseBody(JsonResult.err()
                    .code(JsonResult.NOT_LOGIN)
                    .msg("not login")
                    .toString());
        }


        return null;
    }
}

集成Ribbon

zuul + ribbon 負載均衡

zuul 已經集成了 ribbon，默認已經實現了負載均衡

zuul + ribbon 重試

pom.xml 添加 spring-retry 依賴

需要 spring-retry 依賴

<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework.retry</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-retry</artifactId>
</dependency>
1234

配置 zuul 開啟重試，並配置 ribbon 重試參數

需要開啟重試，默認不開啟

spring:
  application:
    name: zuul
    
server:
  port: 3001
  
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka, http://eureka2:2002/eureka

zuul:
  retryable: true

#  routes:
#    item-service: /item-service/**
#    user-service: /user-service/**
#    order-service: /order-service/**
    
ribbon:
  ConnectTimeout: 1000
  ReadTimeout: 1000
  MaxAutoRetriesNextServer: 1
  MaxAutoRetries: 1

集成Hystrix

默認已經啟用了hystrix，不用做任何基礎配置

降級代碼：

實現 FallbackProvider 接口，按接口規則來實現降級代碼，在實現類上添加 @Component 注解

zuul + hystrix 降級

創建降級類

getRoute() 方法中指定應用此降級類的服務id，**號或null值可以通配所有服務

ItemFallBack

package cn.tedu.sp11.fallback;

import cn.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.route.FallbackProvider;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

@Component
public class ItemFallBack implements FallbackProvider {
    /*
    返回一個servicid 表示針對哪個服務使用當前的降級類
    返回* 或者 null 值 ,表示對所有服務執行當前降級類
     */
    @Override
    public String getRoute() {
        return "item-service";
    }
    /*
    封裝降級響應的對象
     */
    @Override
    public ClientHttpResponse fallbackResponse(String route, Throwable cause) {
        return new ClientHttpResponse() {
            @Override
            public HttpStatus getStatusCode() throws IOException {
                return HttpStatus.OK; //封裝狀態碼和狀態文本
            }

            @Override
            public int getRawStatusCode() throws IOException {
                return  HttpStatus.OK.value();
            }

            @Override
            public String getStatusText() throws IOException {
                return  HttpStatus.OK.getReasonPhrase();
            }

            @Override
            public void close() {

            }

            @Override
            public InputStream getBody() throws IOException {
                String josn = JsonResult.err().msg("調用遠程商品服務失敗").toString();
                ByteArrayInputStream inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(josn.getBytes("UTF-8"));


                return inputStream;
            }

            @Override
            public HttpHeaders getHeaders() {
                //Content-Type:application/json
                HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
                headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);

                return headers;
            }
        };
    }
}

OrderFallBack

package cn.tedu.sp11.fallback;

import cn.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.route.FallbackProvider;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

@Component
@Slf4j
public class OrderFallBack implements FallbackProvider {
    @Override
    public String getRoute() {
        return "order-service"; //"*"; //null;
    }

    @Override
    public ClientHttpResponse fallbackResponse(String route, Throwable cause) {
        return response();
    }

    private ClientHttpResponse response() {
        return new ClientHttpResponse() {
            @Override
            public HttpStatus getStatusCode() throws IOException {
                return HttpStatus.OK;
            }
            @Override
            public int getRawStatusCode() throws IOException {
                return HttpStatus.OK.value();
            }
            @Override
            public String getStatusText() throws IOException {
                return HttpStatus.OK.getReasonPhrase();
            }

            @Override
            public void close() {
            }

            @Override
            public InputStream getBody() throws IOException {
                log.info("fallback body");
                String s = JsonResult.err().msg("后台服務錯誤").toString();
                return new ByteArrayInputStream(s.getBytes("UTF-8"));
            }

            @Override
            public HttpHeaders getHeaders() {
                HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
                headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
                return headers;
            }
        };
    }
}

降低 hystrix 超時時間

在application.yml文件中添加超時配置

hystrix:
  command:
    default:
      execution:
        isolation:
          thread:
            timeoutInMilliseconds: 500

啟動服務,測試降級

http://localhost:3001/item-service/35

zuul + hystrix 數據監控

暴露 hystrix.stream 監控端點

zuul 已經包含 actuator 依賴

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: hystrix.stream

測試

啟動服務,查看暴露的監控端點
http://localhost:3001/actuator
http://localhost:3001/actuator/hystrix.stream

開啟監控

啟動 sp08-hystrix-dashboard，填入 zuul 的監控端點路徑，開啟監控

http://localhost:4001/hystrix

填入監控端點：
http://localhost:3001/actuator/hystrix.stream

必須通過zuul網關訪問后台服務才會生成監控數據

http://localhost:3001/item-service/35
http://localhost:3001/item-service/decreaseNumber
使用postman，POST發送以下格式數據：
[{"id":1, "name":"abc", "number":23},{"id":2, "name":"def", "number":11}]
http://localhost:3001/user-service/7
http://localhost:3001/user-service/7/score?score=100
http://localhost:3001/order-service/123abc
http://localhost:3001/order-service/

zuul + turbine 聚合監控

修改 turbine 項目，聚合 zuul 服務實例

添加zuul服務

在turbine的application.yml配置文件中配置

spring:
  application:
    name: turbin
    
server:
  port: 5001
  
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka, http://eureka2:2002/eureka
      
turbine:
  app-config: order-service, zuul
  cluster-name-expression: new String("default")

使用hystrix儀表盤, 對 turbine 監控端點進行監控, 此端點聚合了訂單服務和zull網關服務的監控數據
http://localhost:5001/turbine.stream

熔斷測試

ab -n 20000 -c 50 http://localhost:3001/order-service/123abc

zuul和feign的比較

都能做遠程調用,都可以集成ribbon 和 hystrix
zuul 在最前面使用,做統一調用入口,而feign用在服務之間
zuul不推薦開啟重試,feign不推薦開啟hystrix(會造成程序的混亂)

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