最近遇到一個需求是做一個可以在win系統中運行的可執行的GUI程序（上一次做GUI程序是大學時候搞的一個網絡嗅探器以及幾個串口通信的小東西）。C艹已經被我完全扔了，用C艹做肯定不現實！
網上查了下Python還真有做GUI的包——PyQt，底層應該是封裝了C艹，不糾結這些技術細節，於是打算用PyQt試試。。。
下面是在此期間做的幾個demo以及一些問題記錄，當做是個人筆記吧，也希望能幫助到初學PyQt的你。。。
說明
PyQt的版本
使用的是PyQt5。
關於開發與運行的環境
所有的demo與打包過程只能在Windows中執行：我找到的好幾個demo都沒辦法在Mac上順利運行！而且我做的demo都只能打包成.exe文件！也就是說開發與運行環境一定要選擇Windows！
選擇本地文件復制到桌面
執行效果
代碼
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from __future__ import unicode_literals import os # Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'xiazai.ui' # # Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.11.2 # # WARNING! All changes made in this file will be lost! from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets from PyQt5.QtWidgets import * from PyQt5.QtCore import * from socket import * import sys import time # from erji import * # 默認路徑是桌面 lujing = 'C:/Users/dell/Desktop/' # class Ui_MainWindow1(object): # # def setupUi(self, MainWindow): # MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow") # MainWindow.resize(821, 517) # MainWindow.setStyleSheet("background-image:url('back1.png')") # self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow) # self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget") # # self.textBrowser = QtWidgets.QTextBrowser(self.centralwidget) # self.textBrowser.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(40, 50, 751, 111)) # font = QtGui.QFont() # font.setPointSize(16) # font.setBold(True) # font.setWeight(75) # self.textBrowser.setFont(font) # self.textBrowser.setObjectName("textBrowser") # self.textBrowser.clear() # ADDR = ('127.0.0.1', 8888) # s = socket() # s.connect(ADDR) # s.send(b'L') # data = s.recv(1024).decode() # if data == 'OK': # data = s.recv(4096).decode() # files = data.split('#') # for file in files: # self.textBrowser.append(file) # # self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget) # self.pushButton.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(600, 400, 191, 41)) # font = QtGui.QFont() # font.setPointSize(16) # font.setBold(True) # font.setWeight(75) # self.pushButton.setFont(font) # self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton") # self.pushButton.clicked.connect(self.loadfile) # # self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget) # self.label.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(330, 10, 361, 41)) # self.label.setObjectName("label") # # self.label_2 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget) # self.label_2.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(60, 200, 311, 41)) # self.label_2.setObjectName("label_2") # # self.lineEdit = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(self.centralwidget) # self.lineEdit.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(370, 200, 421, 41)) # font = QtGui.QFont() # font.setPointSize(16) # font.setBold(True) # font.setWeight(75) # self.lineEdit.setFont(font) # self.lineEdit.setText("") # self.lineEdit.setObjectName("lineEdit") # self.lineEdit.setPlaceholderText("請輸入文件名") # # self.pushButton_2 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget) # self.pushButton_2.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(320, 400, 191, 41)) # font = QtGui.QFont() # font.setPointSize(16) # font.setBold(True) # font.setWeight(75) # self.pushButton_2.setFont(font) # self.pushButton_2.setObjectName("pushButton_2") # self.pushButton_2.clicked.connect(self.save_path) # # self.label_3 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget) # self.label_3.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(60, 280, 301, 20)) # self.label_3.setObjectName("label_3") # # self.textBrowser_2 = QtWidgets.QTextBrowser(self.centralwidget) # self.textBrowser_2.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(370, 270, 421, 41)) # font = QtGui.QFont() # font.setPointSize(12) # font.setBold(True) # font.setWeight(75) # self.textBrowser_2.setFont(font) # self.textBrowser_2.setObjectName("textBrowser_2") # self.textBrowser_2.append(lujing) # # self.pushButton_3 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget) # self.pushButton_3.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(40, 400, 191, 41)) # font = QtGui.QFont() # font.setPointSize(16) # font.setBold(True) # font.setWeight(75) # self.pushButton_3.setFont(font) # self.pushButton_3.setObjectName("pushButton_3") # self.pushButton_3.clicked.connect(self.flush) # # # MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget) # # self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow) # self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 821, 23)) # self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar") # # MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar) # # self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow) # self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar") # # MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar) # # self.retranslateUi(MainWindow) # QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow) # # # 下載 # def loadfile(self): # word = self.lineEdit.text() # global lujing # path = lujing + word # ADDR = ('127.0.0.1', 8888) # s = socket() # s.connect(ADDR) # s.send(('G ' + word).encode()) # data = s.recv(1024).decode() # if data == 'OK': # fd = open(path, 'wb') # while True: # data = s.recv(1024) # if data == b"##": # break # fd.write(data) # fd.close() # # # 選擇保存路徑 # def save_path(self): # l = [] # openfile_name = QFileDialog.getExistingDirectory() # l.append(openfile_name) # global lujing # if l[0]: # lujing = l[0] + "/" # self.textBrowser_2.clear() # self.textBrowser_2.append(lujing) # # # 刷新 # def flush(self): # self.textBrowser.clear() # ADDR = ('127.0.0.1', 8888) # s = socket() # s.connect(ADDR) # s.send(b'L') # data = s.recv(1024).decode() # if data == 'OK': # data = s.recv(4096).decode() # files = data.split('#') # for file in files: # self.textBrowser.append(file) # # def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow): # _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate # MainWindow.setFixedSize(MainWindow.width(), MainWindow.height()) # MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "下載中")) # self.pushButton.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "下載")) # self.label.setText(_translate( # "MainWindow", "<html><head/><body><p><span style=\" font-size:18pt; font-weight:600;\">下載文件列表</span></p></body></html>")) # self.label_2.setText(_translate( # "MainWindow", "<html><head/><body><p><span style=\" font-size:16pt; font-weight:600;\">請在此輸入您要下載的文件名:</span></p></body></html>")) # self.pushButton_2.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "選擇下載路徑")) # self.label_3.setText(_translate( # "MainWindow", "<html><head/><body><p><span style=\" font-size:16pt; font-weight:600;\">您選擇的下載路徑是:</span></p></body></html>")) # self.pushButton_3.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "刷新")) class Ui_MainWindow(QtWidgets.QWidget): def setupUi(self, MainWindow): MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow") MainWindow.resize(542, 442) MainWindow.setStyleSheet("background-image:url('upload.png')") self.MainWindow = MainWindow self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow) self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget") # 上傳按鈕 self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget) self.pushButton.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(30, 320, 221, 41)) font = QtGui.QFont() font.setPointSize(16) font.setBold(True) font.setWeight(75) self.pushButton.setFont(font) self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton") self.pushButton.clicked.connect(self.upfile) # # 開始下載 # self.pushButton_4 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget) # self.pushButton_4.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(290, 320, 221, 41)) # font = QtGui.QFont() # font.setPointSize(16) # font.setBold(True) # font.setWeight(75) # self.pushButton_4.setFont(font) # self.pushButton_4.setObjectName("pushButton_4") # self.pushButton_4.clicked.connect(self.jump_to_erji) MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget) self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow) self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 542, 23)) self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar") MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar) self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow) self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar") # MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar) #該行會使得屏幕下方出現一片空白 self.retranslateUi(MainWindow) QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow) # 上傳 def upfile(self): lst = [] openfile_name = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self) print("file_path>>>>>", openfile_name, type(openfile_name)) lst.append(openfile_name) print("開始上傳了！！！") print("lst>>>>>", lst) ### 下面就可以調用接口了 # 測試 將文件寫在桌面 if lst[0][0]: file_path = lst[0][0] new_file_name = "new_file" new_file_path = os.path.join(lujing,new_file_name) # 將選擇的文件寫入到指定的地方 —— 這里指定的是win電腦的桌面 with open(new_file_path,"wb") as fw: with open(file_path,"rb")as fr: while 1: line = fr.readline() print("line<<<<<",line) if not line: break fw.write(line) # if l[0][0]: # ADDR = ('127.0.0.1', 8888) # s = socket() # s.connect(ADDR) # lujing = l[0][0] # fd = open(lujing, 'rb') # filename = lujing.split('/')[-1] # s.send(("P " + filename).encode()) # data = s.recv(1024).decode() # if data == 'OK': # while True: # data = fd.read(1024) # if not data: # time.sleep(0.1) # s.send(b'##') # break # s.send(data) # # 這一塊注意，是重點從主界面跳轉到Demo1界面，主界面隱藏，如果關閉Demo界面，主界面進程會觸發self.form.show()會再次顯示主界面5 # def jump_to_erji(self): # self.MainWindow.hide() # MainWindow1 = QtWidgets.QDialog() # ui = Ui_MainWindow1() # # MainWindow = QtWidgets.QMainWindow() # ui.setupUi(MainWindow1) # MainWindow1.show() # MainWindow1.exec_() # self.MainWindow.show() def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow): _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate MainWindow.setFixedSize(MainWindow.width(), MainWindow.height()) MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow")) self.pushButton.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "上傳文件")) # self.pushButton_4.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "下載文件")) if __name__ == "__main__": import sys app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv) MainWindow = QtWidgets.QMainWindow() ui = Ui_MainWindow() ui.setupUi(MainWindow) MainWindow.show() sys.exit(app.exec_())
拓展說明
上傳如果有邏輯的話將邏輯代碼寫在 Ui_MainWindow類中的upfile方法中！
代碼中的 QFileDialog.getOpenFileName 方法只能獲取單個文件，自己試了下想要獲取多個文件可以使用方法：QFileDialog.getOpenFileNames （只差一個s 0-0）
我這里在上傳文件后拓展了一些方法，記錄一下：
### 給列表去重 def duplicate_removal_lst(lst:list)->list: # 從后往前遍歷 for i in lst[::-1]: for k in range(lst.count(i)): if lst.count(i) > 1: lst.remove(i) return lst class Ui_MainWindow(QtWidgets.QWidget): def setupUi(self, MainWindow): ...... # 上傳 def upfile(self): lst = [] # openfile_name = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self) # 這個控件只能選一個文件 openfile_name = QFileDialog.getOpenFileNames(self) # 這個控件可以選多個文件！ print("file_path>>>>>", openfile_name, type(openfile_name)) lst.append(openfile_name) print("開始上傳了！！！") print("lst>>>>>", lst) # lst>>>>> [(['C:/Users/dell/Desktop/drag1.mp4', 'C:/Users/dell/Desktop/fail.txt', 'C:/Users/dell/Desktop/go語言學習筆記$$$.doc'], 'All Files (*)')] ### 下面就可以調用接口了 if lst[0][0]: file_path_lst = lst[0][0] print("file_path_lst>>>>>",file_path_lst) # ['C:/Users/dell/Desktop/pyqtTest/fb_test.py\n', 'C:/Users/dell/Desktop/pyqtTest/gui1.py\n', ...] ### 可以開多進程調用SDK 先用同步代碼實現效果 success_file_path = os.path.join(lujing,"success.txt") fail_file_path = os.path.join(lujing,"fail.txt") # 記錄上傳成功與失敗的視頻的路徑 f_success = open(success_file_path,"a+") f_fail = open(fail_file_path,"a+") ### 注意 a+ 方式讀文件會把光標放在最后，想要獲取之前記錄的內容需要將光標放在開始的位置！！！ f_success.seek(0) success_lines_lst = f_success.readlines() print("success_lines>>>>>", success_lines_lst) # ['C:/Users/dell/Desktop/123123.gif:2780036978947806\n', 'C:/Users/dell/Desktop/drag1.mp4:606205353405771\n'] # 因為文件中有id，在判斷上傳的文件是否在已上傳的文件列表中需要再構建一下 existed_lst = list() for fp in success_lines_lst: append_str = fp.split("||")[0] if append_str not in existed_lst: existed_lst.append(append_str) # 已經成功上傳的文件路徑 print("existed_lst>>>>",existed_lst) # ['C:/Users/dell/Desktop/123123.gif', 'C:/Users/dell/Desktop/drag1.mp4'] # 防止一次上傳相同的文件，給列表去重 ———— 實際上同一個文件夾中是不會有重名的文件的，似乎多此一舉 ~ ~！ file_path_lst = duplicate_removal_lst(file_path_lst) for fpath in file_path_lst: try: # 如果被選的文件之前已經上傳成功了，就不再上傳了 print("fpath>>>>",fpath) if fpath in existed_lst: print("############# 這個文件已經上傳過了 #####################",fpath) # continue不走下面的邏輯 continue print("############# 這個文件沒傳過 #####################",fpath)
# 業務代碼省去 ret = crate_ad(fpath,"xxx") # 先不用傳account_id id = ret["id"] ## 中間用 || 分割 ！！！ f_success.write("{}||{}\n".format(fpath,str(id))) # 使用fb的異常捕獲 except fb_exceptions.FacebookRequestError as e: f_fail.write("fail_file_path||{}\n".format(fpath)) continue f_success.close() f_fail.close() # ret = get_account_campaigns() #ret = crate_ad(file_path,"xxx") # print("創建的ret>>>>>",ret)
多文件上傳的效果
123
123
222
222
666
666
遇到問題及一些參考的博客與資料鏈接
1、pyinstaller打包相關
打包命令：
pyinstaller xxx.py --noconsole // 最后在dist中的那個對應名稱的文件夾中找到可執行程序，如果有圖片或者其他靜態資源的話記得將這些靜態資源放在dist里面的那個文件夾中！
一些參考資料：
python安裝pyinstaller出現的錯誤解決辦法——使用最后的命令即可
pyqt5程序打包成exe文件的步驟和遇到的坑，以及如何更改exe的圖標
2、打包過程遇到一個報錯：AttributeError: module 'enum' has no attribute 'IntFlag'
成功解決AttributeError: module 'enum' has no attribute 'IntFlag'?
3、參考書籍以及資料
http://zetcode.com/gui/pyqt5/firstprograms/
https://www.cnblogs.com/wudeng/p/9337065.html
https://weread.qq.com/web/reader/6393267071ccfa97639f573