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Oracle11g更改sid和dbname分為兩個階段：
第一階段改sid，第二階段改dbname
下面描述詳細步驟
一、首先更改sid
1.1、登錄數據庫查看先前的sid，總共三步
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Aug 9 05:53:08 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 539848704 bytes
Fixed Size 1337748 bytes
Variable Size 360711788 bytes
Database Buffers 171966464 bytes
Redo Buffers 5832704 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> select instance from v$thread ;
INSTANCE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
orcl
SQL> view plaincopyprint?
1.2、關閉數據庫
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
1.3、編輯/etc/oratab文件，把所有orcl換成dbnms
[oracle@localhost ~]$ vim /etc/oratab
1.4、更改oracle用戶的 .bash_profile文件
[oracle@localhost ~]$ vim .bash_profile
:%s/oral/mzh/g
1.5、使改好的.bash_profile文件生效
[oracle@localhost ~]$ .bash_profile
1.6、查看系統環境變量
[oracle@localhost ~]$ env |grep ORACLE
ORACLE_SID=mzh
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle
效果生成。
1.7、進入$ORACLE_HOME/dbs查看目錄，看那些有orcl
[oracle@localhost ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ ll
total 64
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 1544 Jun 29 00:35 hc_DBUA0.dat
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 1544 Aug 9 05:56 hc_mzh.dat
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 2851 May 15 2009 init.ora
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 24 Aug 8 06:46 lkHXY
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 24 Jun 29 00:47 lkMZH
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2048 Aug 9 06:09 orapwmzh
drwx------ 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Jun 28 22:50 peshm_DBUA0_0
drwx------ 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 8 06:45 peshm_hxy_0
drwx------ 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Jun 28 23:02 peshm_mzh_0
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 3584 Aug 9 05:53 spfilemzh.ora
1.8、更改文件名orcr>> mzh，ORCL>>MZH，命令如下：
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ mv hc_orcl.dat hc_mzh.dat
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ mv orapworcl orapwmzh
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ mv lkORCL lkMZH
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ mv peshm_orcl_0/ peshm_mzh_0/
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ mv spfileorcl.ora spfilemzh.ora
1.9、重行生成密碼文件，並查看
注意最好把原來的刪除掉（或者改名備份）
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID password=sys entries=5 force=y
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ ls -lrt orap*
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2048 Aug 9 06:09 orapwmzh
1.10、登錄數據庫，並查看實例名字，結果表明sid已由orcl變成mzh了
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 539848704 bytes
Fixed Size 1337748 bytes
Variable Size 327157356 bytes
Database Buffers 205520896 bytes
Redo Buffers 5832704 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> select instance from v$thread ;
INSTANCE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
mzh
二、更改數據庫名dbname
2.1 備份控制文件
SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace resetlogs;
Database altered.
2.2關閉並退出數據庫
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
2.3 查找控制文件
orcale 11.2g的控制文件的備份目錄為
/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/mzh/mzh/trace
[oracle@localhost trace]$ ls -lrt
[oracle@mazh dbs]$ ls /u01/app/diag/rdbms/mzh/mzh/trace -lrth
total 116K
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 259 Aug 8 06:45 mzh_ora_4808.trm
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 15K Aug 8 06:45 mzh_ora_4808.trc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 57 Aug 8 06:46 mzh_mman_4845.trm
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 796 Aug 8 06:46 mzh_mman_4845.trc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 57 Aug 8 06:46 mzh_dbrm_4839.trm
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 839 Aug 8 06:46 mzh_dbrm_4839.trc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 57 Aug 8 06:46 mzh_mmon_4857.trm
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 833 Aug 8 06:46 mzh_mmon_4857.trc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 67 Aug 8 06:46 mzh_j004_4909.trm
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 912 Aug 8 06:46 mzh_j004_4909.trc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 112 Aug 8 06:47 mzh_j000_4900.trm
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2.8K Aug 8 06:47 mzh_j000_4900.trc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 67 Aug 8 06:58 mzh_ckpt_4851.trm
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 905 Aug 8 06:58 mzh_ckpt_4851.trc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 78 Aug 8 06:58 mzh_j000_5233.trm
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1.8K Aug 8 06:58 mzh_j000_5233.trc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 57 Aug 8 08:04 mzh_j000_7066.trm
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1.1K Aug 8 08:04 mzh_j000_7066.trc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 139 Aug 8 08:43 mzh_vktm_4831.trm
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1.9K Aug 8 08:43 mzh_vktm_4831.trc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 407 Aug 8 08:43 mzh_ora_4871.trm
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 6.3K Aug 8 08:43 mzh_ora_4871.trc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 6.2K Aug 8 08:43 alert_mzh.log
[oracle@localhost trace]$ vim alert_mzh.log
可以在 alter_mzh.log里找到contolfile的備份trc，sid_ora_nnnn.trc 最新的一個就是。
alter_mzh.log里面有這樣一行字樣，告訴你哪個是控制備份文件
Backup controlfile written to trace file /u01/app/diag/rdbms/orcl/mzh/trace/mzh_ora_4871.trc
2.5 復制修改
[oracle@localhost trace]$ cp mzh_ora_4871.trc mzh.sql
2.6 編輯修改復的控制文件
mzh.sql,也就是mzh_ora_4871.trc的復制品。
1）查找STARTUP NOMOUNT語句，將這一行上面的所有行都刪除
2）查找所有以--開始的行，把這些行刪除
3）查找所有的orcl修改為mzh，所有的ORCL修改為mzh
4）找到CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE...語句，將其中的REUSE修改為SET
5）找到RECOVER DATABASE USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE語句，將其用雙橫線（--）注釋掉
結果如下：
[oracle@mazh dbs]$ cat /u01/app/diag/rdbms/mzh/mzh/trace/mzh.sql
STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE SET DATABASE "MZH" RESETLOGS NOARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oradata/mzh/redo01.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oradata/mzh/redo02.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 3 '/u01/app/oradata/mzh/redo03.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512
DATAFILE
'/u01/app/oradata/mzh/system01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oradata/mzh/sysaux01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oradata/mzh/undotbs01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oradata/mzh/users01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oradata/mzh/example01.dbf'
CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8;
--RECOVER DATABASE USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE
ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS;
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oradata/mzh/temp01.dbf'
SIZE 30408704 REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360 MAXSIZE 32767M;
2.7 目錄更改，這里和oracle 10g不一樣，要注意。
[sql] view plaincopyprint
[oracle@localhost ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ ls
admin cfgtoollogs checkpoints diag flash_recovery_area oradata product
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ cd flash_recovery_area/
[oracle@localhost flash_recovery_area]$ ls
orcl ORCL
[oracle@localhost flash_recovery_area]$ mv orcl/ mzh/
[oracle@localhost flash_recovery_area]$ mv ORCL/ mzh/
[oracle@localhost flash_recovery_area]$ cd ..
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ ls
admin cfgtoollogs checkpoints diag flash_recovery_area oradata product
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ cd oradata/
[oracle@localhost oradata]$ ls
orcl
[oracle@localhost oradata]$ mv orcl/ mzh/
[oracle@localhost oradata]$ ls
mzh
[oracle@localhost oradata]$ cd ..
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ ls
admin cfgtoollogs checkpoints diag flash_recovery_area oradata product
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ cd diag/
[oracle@localhost diag]$ ls
rdbms tnslsnr
[oracle@localhost diag]$ cd rdbms/
[oracle@localhost rdbms]$ ls
orcl
[oracle@localhost rdbms]$ mv orcl/ mzh/
[oracle@localhost rdbms]$ ls
mzh
[oracle@localhost rdbms]$ cd mzh
[oracle@localhost mzh]$ ls
i_1.mif mzh
[oracle@localhost mzh]$ cd ..
[oracle@localhost rdbms]$ cd ..
[oracle@localhost diag]$ ls
rdbms tnslsnr
[oracle@localhost diag]$ cd ..
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ cd admin/
[oracle@localhost admin]$ ls
orcl
[oracle@localhost admin]$ cd orcl/
[oracle@localhost orcl]$ ls
adump dpdump pfile
[oracle@localhost orcl]$ cd ..
[oracle@localhost admin]$ mv orcl/ mzh/
[oracle@localhost admin]$ ls
mzh
[oracle@localhost admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL>
2.8 修改原控制文件。
[oracle@localhost oradata]$ cd mzh/
[oracle@localhost mzh]$ ls
control01.ctl redo01.log redo03.log system01.dbf undotbs01.dbf
example01.dbf redo02.log sysaux01.dbf temp01.dbf users01.dbf
[oracle@localhost mzh]$ mv control01.ctl control01.ctl.aaa
[oracle@localhost mzh]$ ls
control01.ctl.aaa redo01.log redo03.log system01.dbf undotbs01.dbf
example01.dbf redo02.log sysaux01.dbf temp01.dbf users01.dbf
[oracle@localhost mzh]$ cd ..
[oracle@localhost oradata]$ ls
mzh
[oracle@localhost oradata]$ cd ..
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ ls
admin cfgtoollogs checkpoints diag flash_recovery_area oradata product
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ cd flash_recovery_area/
[oracle@localhost flash_recovery_area]$ ls
mzh mzh
[oracle@localhost flash_recovery_area]$ cd mzh/
[oracle@localhost mzh]$ ls
control02.ctl
[oracle@localhost mzh]$ mv control02.ctl control02.ctl.aaa
2.9 登錄oracle重新生成spfile文件
[sql] view plaincopyprint?
[oracle@localhost mzh]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> create spfile from pfile='?/dbs/initmzh.ora';
File created.
2.10 調用前面步驟修改好的mzh.sql，目的是生成鏈接控制文件等
SQL> @/u01/app/diag/rdbms/mzh/mzh/trace/mzh.sql
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 539848704 bytes
Fixed Size 1337748 bytes
Variable Size 327157356 bytes
Database Buffers 205520896 bytes
Redo Buffers 5832704 bytes
Control file created.
Database altered.
Tablespace altered.
2.11 查看結果
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READ WRITE
SQL> show parameter name
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_file_name_convert string
db_name string mzh
db_unique_name string mzh
global_names boolean FALSE
instance_name string mzh
lock_name_space string
log_file_name_convert string
service_names string mzh.localdomain
SQL> select name from v$database;
NAME
---------
mzh
SQL>
有個小插曲在SQL> @/u01/app/diag/rdbms/mzh/mzh/trace/mzh.sql 時報錯如下：
[oracle@mazh trace]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Aug 9 09:03:56 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-09925: Unable to create audit trail file
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 9925
ORA-01075: you are currently logged on
Enter user-name:
ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied
Enter user-name:
ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied
SP2-0157: unable to CONNECT to ORACLE after 3 attempts, exiting SQL*Plus
[oracle@mazh trace]$ ps -ef|grep smo
root 470 7 0 07:10 ? 00:00:00 [kpsmoused]
oracle 5236 1 0 09:01 ? 00:00:00 ora_smon_mzh
oracle 5263 5047 0 09:04 pts/2 00:00:00 grep smo
[oracle@mazh trace]$ kill -9 5236
[oracle@mazh trace]$ ps -ef|grep smo
root 470 7 0 07:10 ? 00:00:00 [kpsmoused]
oracle 5265 5047 0 09:04 pts/2 00:00:00 grep smo
[oracle@mazh trace]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Aug 9 09:04:36 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> @mzh1.sql
ORA-09925: Unable to create audit trail file
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 9925
CREATE CONTROLFILE SET DATABASE "MZH" RESETLOGS NOARCHIVELOG
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01012: not logged on
Process ID: 0
Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0
ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01012: not logged on
Process ID: 0
Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oradata/mzh/temp01.dbf'
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01012: not logged on
Process ID: 0
Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0
在網上找了各種方法都不行，后來發現是
/u01/app/oracle/dbs/initmzh.ora里的參數竟然搗的鬼
以下什么原因導致的還不是很清楚，請各位高手給與指點下。
[oracle@mazh trace]$ vi /u01/app/oracle/dbs/initmzh.ora
orcl.__db_cache_size=83886080
orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__large_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__oracle_base='/u01/app'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
orcl.__pga_aggregate_target=79691776
orcl.__sga_target=239075328
orcl.__shared_io_pool_size=0
orcl.__shared_pool_size=138412032
orcl.__streams_pool_size=4194304
mzh.__db_cache_size=83886080
mzh.__java_pool_size=4194304
mzh.__large_pool_size=4194304
mzh.__oracle_base='/u01/app'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
mzh.__pga_aggregate_target=79691776
mzh.__sga_target=239075328
mzh.__shared_io_pool_size=0
mzh.__shared_pool_size=109051904
mzh.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/admin/mzh/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oradata/mzh/control01.ctl','/u01/app/flash_recovery_area/mzh/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='mzh'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4039114752
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=mzhXDB)'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=78643200
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=235929600
*.timed_statistics=TRUE
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'