Jackson 的 基本用法


目錄

 

 

Jackson 是當前用的比較廣泛的,用來序列化和反序列化 json 的 Java 的開源框架。Jackson 社 區相對比較活躍,更新速度也比較快, 從 Github 中的統計來看,Jackson 是最流行的 json 解析器之一 。 Spring MVC 的默認 json 解析器便是 Jackson。 Jackson 優點很多。 Jackson 所依賴的 jar 包較少 ,簡單易用。與其他 Java 的 json 的框架 Gson 等相比, Jackson 解析大的 json 文件速度比較快;Jackson 運行時占用內存比較低,性能比較好;Jackson 有靈活的 API,可以很容易進行擴展和定制。

Jackson 的 1.x 版本的包名是 org.codehaus.jackson ,當升級到 2.x 版本時,包名變為 com.fasterxml.jackson,本文討論的內容是基於最新的 Jackson 的 2.9.1 版本。

 

Jackson 的核心模塊由三部分組成。


 

  • jackson-core,核心包,提供基於"流模式"解析的相關 API,它包括 JsonPaser 和 JsonGenerator。 Jackson 內部實現正是通過高性能的流模式 API 的 JsonGenerator 和 JsonParser 來生成和解析 json。
  • jackson-annotations,注解包,提供標准注解功能;
  • jackson-databind ,數據綁定包, 提供基於"對象綁定" 解析的相關 API ( ObjectMapper ) 和"樹模型" 解析的相關 API (JsonNode);基於"對象綁定" 解析的 API 和"樹模型"解析的 API 依賴基於"流模式"解析的 API。
清單 1.在 pom.xml 的 Jackson 的配置信息
<dependency> 
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> 
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> 
<version>2.9.1</version> 
</dependency>

jackson-databind 依賴 jackson-core 和 jackson-annotations,當添加 jackson-databind 之后, jackson-core 和 jackson-annotations 也隨之添加到 Java 項目工程中。在添加相關依賴包之后,就可以使用 Jackson。

 

ObjectMapper 的 使用


 

Jackson 最常用的 API 就是基於"對象綁定" 的 ObjectMapper。下面是一個 ObjectMapper 的使用的簡單示例。

清單 2 . ObjectMapper 使用示例
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper(); 
Person person = new Person(); 
person.setName("Tom"); 
person.setAge(40); 
String jsonString = mapper.writerWithDefaultPrettyPrinter() 
.writeValueAsString(person); 
Person deserializedPerson = mapper.readValue(jsonString, Person.class);

ObjectMapper 通過 writeValue 系列方法 將 java 對 象序列化 為 json,並 將 json 存 儲成不同的格式,String(writeValueAsString),Byte Array(writeValueAsString),Writer, File,OutStream 和 DataOutput。

ObjectMapper 通過 readValue 系列方法從不同的數據源像 String , Byte Array, Reader,File,URL, InputStream 將 json 反序列化為 java 對象。

 

信息配置


 

在調用 writeValue 或調用 readValue 方法之前,往往需要設置 ObjectMapper 的相關配置信息。這些配置信息應用 java 對象的所有屬性上。示例如下:

清單 3 . 配置信息使用示例
//在反序列化時忽略在 json 中存在但 Java 對象不存在的屬性 
mapper.configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES,
   false); 
//在序列化時日期格式默認為 yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSZ 
mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS,false) 
//在序列化時忽略值為 null 的屬性 
mapper.setSerializationInclusion(Include.NON_NULL); 
//忽略值為默認值的屬性 
mapper.setDefaultPropertyInclusion(Include.NON_DEFAULT);

更多配置信息可以查看 Jackson 的 DeserializationFeature,SerializationFeature 和 Include。

 

Jackson 的 注解的使用


 

Jackson 根據它的默認方式序列化和反序列化 java 對象,若根據實際需要,靈活的調整它的默認方式,可以使用 Jackson 的注解。常用的注解及用法如下。

表 1. Jackson 的 常用注解

 

 

 

Jackson示例


 

Jackson ObjectMapper Example

 

ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();

String carJson =
    "{ \"brand\" : \"Mercedes\", \"doors\" : 5 }";

try {
    Car car = objectMapper.readValue(carJson, Car.class);

    System.out.println("car brand = " + car.getBrand());
    System.out.println("car doors = " + car.getDoors());
} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}

public class Car {
    private String brand = null;
    private int doors = 0;

    public String getBrand() { return this.brand; }
    public void   setBrand(String brand){ this.brand = brand;}

    public int  getDoors() { return this.doors; }
    public void setDoors (int doors) { this.doors = doors; }
}

從Reader讀取對象

ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();

String carJson =
        "{ \"brand\" : \"Mercedes\", \"doors\" : 4 }";
Reader reader = new StringReader(carJson);

Car car = objectMapper.readValue(reader, Car.class);

從File中讀取對象

ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();

File file = new File("data/car.json");

Car car = objectMapper.readValue(file, Car.class);

從URL中讀取對象

ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();

URL url = new URL("file:data/car.json");

Car car = objectMapper.readValue(url, Car.class);

從InputStream讀取對象

ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();

InputStream input = new FileInputStream("data/car.json");

Car car = objectMapper.readValue(input, Car.class);

從字節數組中讀取對象

ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();

String carJson =
        "{ \"brand\" : \"Mercedes\", \"doors\" : 5 }";

byte[] bytes = carJson.getBytes("UTF-8");

Car car = objectMapper.readValue(bytes, Car.class);

從JSON數組字符串中讀取對象數組 

String jsonArray = "[{\"brand\":\"ford\"}, {\"brand\":\"Fiat\"}]";

ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();

Car[] cars2 = objectMapper.readValue(jsonArray, Car[].class);

從JSON數組字符串中讀取對象列表

String jsonArray =“[{\”brand \“:\”ford \“},{\”brand \“:\”Fiat \“}]”;

ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();

List <Car> cars1 = objectMapper.readValue(jsonArray,new TypeReference <List <Car >>(){});

從JSON字符串中讀取映射為map

String jsonObject =“{\”brand \“:\”ford \“,\”doors \“:5}”;

ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
Map <String,Object> jsonMap = objectMapper.readValue(jsonObject,
    new TypeReference <Map <String,Object >>(){});

樹模型

String carJson =
        "{ \"brand\" : \"Mercedes\", \"doors\" : 5 }";

ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();

try {

    JsonNode jsonNode = objectMapper.readValue(carJson, JsonNode.class);

} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}

JSON字符串被解析為JsonNode對象而不是Car對象,只需將JsonNode.class第二個參數傳遞給readValue()方法而不是Car.class本教程前面的示例中使用的方法。

ObjectMapper班也有一個特殊的readTree(),它總是返回一個方法 JsonNode。以下是JsonNode使用該ObjectMapper readTree()方法將JSON解析為a的示例:

 

String carJson =
        "{ \"brand\" : \"Mercedes\", \"doors\" : 5 }";

ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();

try {

    JsonNode jsonNode = objectMapper.readTree(carJson);

} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}

JsonNode類

String carJson =
        "{ \"brand\" : \"Mercedes\", \"doors\" : 5," +
        "  \"owners\" : [\"John\", \"Jack\", \"Jill\"]," +
        "  \"nestedObject\" : { \"field\" : \"value\" } }";

ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();


try {

    JsonNode jsonNode = objectMapper.readValue(carJson, JsonNode.class);

    JsonNode brandNode = jsonNode.get("brand");
    String brand = brandNode.asText();
    System.out.println("brand = " + brand);

    JsonNode doorsNode = jsonNode.get("doors");
    int doors = doorsNode.asInt();
    System.out.println("doors = " + doors);

    JsonNode array = jsonNode.get("owners");
    JsonNode jsonNode = array.get(0);
    String john = jsonNode.asText();
    System.out.println("john  = " + john);

    JsonNode child = jsonNode.get("nestedObject");
    JsonNode childField = child.get("field");
    String field = childField.asText();
    System.out.println("field = " + field);

} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}

將Object轉換為JsonNode

ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();

Car car = new Car();
car.brand = "Cadillac";
car.doors = 4;

JsonNode carJsonNode = objectMapper.valueToTree(car);

將JsonNode轉換為Object

ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();

String carJson = "{ \"brand\" : \"Mercedes\", \"doors\" : 5 }";

JsonNode carJsonNode = objectMapper.readTree(carJson);

Car car = objectMapper.treeToValue(carJsonNode);

使用Jackson ObjectMapper讀取和編寫YAML

 1.示例1(只是yaml字符串和對象的互轉,不涉及yaml文件的處理)

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.yaml.YAMLFactory;

import java.io.IOException;

public class YamlJacksonExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper(new YAMLFactory());

        Employee employee = new Employee("John Doe", "john@doe.com");

        String yamlString = null;
        try {
            yamlString = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(employee);
        } catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            // normally, rethrow exception here - or don't catch it at all.
        }

    }
}

yamlString變量包含Employee在執行此代碼后序列化為YAML數據格式的對象。

以下是Employee再次將YAML文本讀入對象的示例:

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.yaml.YAMLFactory;

import java.io.IOException;

public class YamlJacksonExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper(new YAMLFactory());

        Employee employee = new Employee("John Doe", "john@doe.com");

        String yamlString = null;
        try {
            yamlString = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(employee);
        } catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            // normally, rethrow exception here - or don't catch it at all.
        }

        try {
            Employee employee2 = objectMapper.readValue(yamlString, Employee.class);

            System.out.println("Done");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}

 

2. 示例2 (yaml文件的讀取和寫入)

 

 2.1定義Employee實體類

package com.example.jackjson;

import lombok.Data;

/**
 * @author: GuanBin
 * @date: Created in 上午10:18 2020/6/15
 */
@Data
public class Employee {

    public Employee() {
    }

    public Employee(String name, String email) {
        this.name = name;
        this.email = email;
    }

    String name;

    String email;
}

2.2創建要讀取的yml EmployeeYaml.yml文件,並初始化一條數據

name: test
email: test@qq.com

2.3創建要寫入的yml文件,EmployeeYamlOutput.yml (空文件)

2.4 測試類

package com.example.jackjson;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializationFeature;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.yaml.YAMLFactory;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.yaml.YAMLGenerator;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @author: GuanBin
 * @date: Created in 上午10:17 2020/6/15
 */
public class YamlJacksonExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {


        try {
            //從yaml文件讀取數據
            reaedYamlToEmployee();
            //寫入yaml文件
            reaedEmployeeToYaml();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }


    /**
     * 從yaml文件讀取數據
     * @throws IOException
     */
    private static void reaedYamlToEmployee() throws IOException {
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper(new YAMLFactory());
        Employee employee = mapper.readValue(new File("src/test/java/com/example/jackjson/EmployeeYaml.yml"), Employee.class);
        System.out.println(employee.getName() + "********" + employee.getEmail());

    }

    /**
     * 寫入yaml文件
     * @throws IOException
     */
    private static void reaedEmployeeToYaml() throws IOException {
        //去掉三個破折號
        ObjectMapper  mapper = new ObjectMapper(new YAMLFactory().disable(YAMLGenerator.Feature.WRITE_DOC_START_MARKER));
        //禁用掉把時間寫為時間戳
        mapper.disable(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS);

        Employee employee = new Employee("test2", "999@qq.com");
        mapper.writeValue(new File("src/test/java/com/example/jackjson/EmployeeYamlOutput.yml"), employee);
    }
}

 

 

 

參考:

 https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/jackson-advanced-application/index.html

http://tutorials.jenkov.com/java-json/jackson-objectmapper.html

https://www.baeldung.com/jackson-yaml

 

 

轉 :  https://www.cnblogs.com/guanbin-529/p/11488869.html

 


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