一、下載
MySQL下載官網：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql
根據目標主機的型號官網下載對應的mysql安裝包，安裝類型和名字如下：
mysql-server_5.7.31-1debian9_amd64.deb-bundle.tar
二、解壓
tar -xvf mysql-server_5.7.31-1debian9_amd64.deb-bundle.tar
三、安裝
根據需要安裝必要的deb包，可以用 dpkg --info 指定的包.deb查看依賴
1、先安裝依賴
apt install libaio1 libnuma1 libmecab2 -y
2、然后依次按以下的順序安裝（或者也可以使用 apt 指定目錄自動安裝，如，apt install ./*.deb -y）
（1）dpkg -i mysql-common_5.7.31-1debian9_amd64.deb
（2）dpkg -i mysql-community-client_5.7.31-1debian9_amd64.deb
（3）dpkg -i mysql-client_5.7.31-1debian9_amd64.deb
（4）dpkg -i mysql-community-server_5.7.31-1debian9_amd64.deb（注意：這一步，需要設置MySQL的root密碼，步驟是第3步）
（5）dpkg -i mysql-server_5.7.31-1debian9_amd64.deb
3、設置密碼
4、確認密碼
四、配置
如果需要遠程訪問MySQL，修改配置，默認只能本地訪問
cd /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/
vim mysqld.cnf
[mysqld] pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock datadir = /var/lib/mysql log-error = /var/log/mysql/error.log # By default we only accept connections from localhost bind-address = 127.0.0.1 # 修改為0.0.0.0即可 # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 # 字符編碼設置為utf8 character_set_server = utf8 init_connect = 'SET NAMES utf8'
1、重啟
systemctl restart mysql
2、查看狀態
systemctl status mysql
3、修改root權限，默認是localhost
mysql -u root -p
mysql> use mysql
mysql> update user set Host="%" where User="root";
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> select Host,User from user;
4、查看設置的字符集
mysql> show variables like "%character%";show variables like "%collation%";
本文參考自：https://www.cnblogs.com/yoyotl/p/8057055.html