Selenium+Java+Chrome進行web自動化實例（初學者）

1.准備工作

第一步  安裝JDK

第二步 下載Eclipse

第三步 在Eclipse中安裝TestNG

第四步 下載Chrome、chromedriver.exe注意這兩個要版本對應，可以搜Chrome與ChromeDriver版本對照表

ChromeDriver 鏡像 http://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/chromedriver

2.開始Test

在Eclipse中配置Maven，新建Maven項目，添加依賴

  （1）修改Maven的配置文件。下面這兩處需要修改

<localRepository>D:\repository</localRepository>

<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
            xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0
                        http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">
        <mirrors>
            <mirror>
              <id>alimaven</id>
              <name>aliyun maven</name>
              <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
              <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>        
            </mirror>
        </mirrors>
</settings>

 

（2）pom添加依賴
<dependencies>
    <dependency>
            <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
            <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
            <artifactId>testng</artifactId>
            <version>6.14.2</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

</dependencies>

這里我遇到的問題是我導入了下面的依賴之后，就一直報錯Exception in thread “main” java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: okhttp3/ConnectionPool 

<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
<version>3.141.59</version>
</dependency>

selenium-java-3.9.x以上版本依賴於okhttp ,但是項目中這個jar包是存在的，不知道什么原因導致的報錯，之后換成上面低版本的selenium-java依賴就可以執行了。

 

新建測試類

（1）先簡單測試一下

package com.aia;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "E:\\test\\chromedriver_win32\\chromedriver.exe");
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
        driver.get("https://www.baidu.com/");
        try {
            Thread.sleep(2*1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

可能會遇到ChromeDriver啟動Chrome瀏覽器后，地址欄只顯示data;搜到的解決辦法大致是這幾種

1、查看是否少了http頭部：比如要用 http://localhost:3000 而不是localhost:3000

2、chromeDriver版本不對或者太舊，嘗試下載chromeDriver版本對應的chrome瀏覽器版本

3、可以嘗試在代碼里加入配置信息：參見下面的方法 options.addArguments();

用了下面的測試類，跑出來的效果是先是打開瀏覽器的窗口顯示data；后續會再次打開瀏覽器窗口打開代碼里的連接。

（2）稍微多點東西，涉及定位頁面元素的方法 ，具體可以學習下面鏈接

https://www.cnblogs.com/hustar0102/p/5965095.html

package com.aia;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriverService;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import java.io.File;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class LT_TestDemo08 {
    ChromeDriver driver=null;

    String chromeBinaryPath = "C:\\Users\\sunflower\\AppData\\Local\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chrome.exe";
    String chromeDriverPath = "E:\\test\\chromedriver_win32\\chromedriver.exe";

    @BeforeMethod
    public void startupDriver(){
        ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
        options.setBinary(chromeBinaryPath);
        options.addArguments(String.format("window-size=%s,%s", 1200, 900));
        ChromeDriverService service = new ChromeDriverService.Builder()
                .usingDriverExecutable(new File(chromeDriverPath))
                .usingPort(8999).build();
        //.usingAnyFreePort().build();
        this.driver = new ChromeDriver(service, options);
        this.driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        this.driver.manage().deleteAllCookies();


    }

    public void login() throws Exception{
        this.driver.get("http://127.0.0.1:8092");
        Thread.sleep(2*1000);

        WebElement webButtonLoginOnIndex = this.driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[text()='登錄']"));
        webButtonLoginOnIndex.click();
        Thread.sleep(2*1000);

        WebElement webInputUserName = this.driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@name='username']"));
        webInputUserName.sendKeys("[e-mail]");
        Thread.sleep(2*1000);

        WebElement webInputUserPwd = this.driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@name='password']"));
        webInputUserPwd.sendKeys("123");
        Thread.sleep(2*1000);

        WebElement webButtonLogin = this.driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@value='登錄']"));
        webButtonLogin.click();
        Thread.sleep(2*1000);

        WebElement webLinkFileUpload = this.driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[text()='Locators']"));
        webLinkFileUpload.click();
        Thread.sleep(2*1000);
    }


    @Test
    public void test08_tag() throws Exception{

        login();

        WebElement tagName = this.driver.findElement(By.xpath("//h4[text()='Tag Name']/.."));

        WebElement element = tagName.findElement(By.tagName("span"));


        element.click();
        Thread.sleep(2*1000);

        String info = this.driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='info']")).getText();
        Assert.assertTrue(info.equals("標簽span"));

    }

    @Test
    public void test08_name() throws Exception{

        login();

        WebElement element = this.driver.findElement(By.name("xiaolv"));

        element.click();
        Thread.sleep(2*1000);

        String info = this.driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='info']")).getText();
        Assert.assertTrue(info.equals("小綠"));

    }

    @Test
    public void test08_linkText() throws Exception{

        login();

        WebElement element = this.driver.findElement(By.linkText("jquery.com"));

        element.click();
        Thread.sleep(2*1000);

        String info = this.driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='info']")).getText();
        Assert.assertTrue(info.equals("jquery.com"));

    }

    @Test
    public void test08_id() throws Exception{

        login();

        WebElement element = this.driver.findElement(By.id("mac"));

        element.click();
        Thread.sleep(2*1000);

        String info = this.driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='info']")).getText();
        Assert.assertTrue(info.equals("mac"));

    }

    @Test
    public void test08_css() throws Exception{

        login();

        WebElement element = this.driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("#right_div > div > div:nth-child(6) > span.label.label-info"));

        element.click();
        Thread.sleep(2*1000);

        String info = this.driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='info']")).getText();
        Assert.assertTrue(info.equals("height 65px;"));

    }

    @Test
    public void test08_className() throws Exception{

        login();

        WebElement element = this.driver.findElement(By.className("classC"));

        element.click();
        Thread.sleep(2*1000);

        String info = this.driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='info']")).getText();
        Assert.assertTrue(info.equals("classC"));

    }

    @Test
    public void test08_xpath() throws Exception{

        login();

        WebElement element = this.driver.findElement(By.xpath("//h4[text()='Xpath']/..//*[text()='35 sec.']"));

        element.click();
        Thread.sleep(2*1000);

        String info = this.driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='info']")).getText();
        Assert.assertTrue(info.equals("35 sec."));

    }

    @Test
    public void test08_partialLinkText() throws Exception{

        login();

        WebElement element = this.driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("旅游"));

        element.click();
        Thread.sleep(2*1000);

        String info = this.driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='info']")).getText();
        Assert.assertTrue(info.equals("旅游指南"));

    }


    @AfterMethod
    public void shutdownDriver(){
        if(this.driver!=null){
            try{
                //this.driver.close();
                this.driver.quit();
            }catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }


}

 右鍵 run as  TestNG Test ，就會看到瀏覽器自動打開，並搜索代碼的地址，完成代碼的動作，瀏覽器關閉。