django-simple-captcha是django的驗證碼包，非常簡單實用，這次記錄的是如何點擊驗證碼后刷新驗證碼，因為這個功能官方文檔並沒有詳細給出。
django-simple-captcha官方文檔：http://django-simple-captcha.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
django-simple-captcha的github網址：https://github.com/mbi/django-simple-captcha
參考:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_36119192/article/details/88017277
開始
1.安裝 pip install django-simple-captcha， pip install Pillow
2.將captcha 加入 settings.py 的 INSTALLED_APPS
3.運行 python manage.py makemigrations 和 python manage.py migrate
4.url路由加入urls.py的urlpatterns
urlpatterns = [ path('captcha/', include('captcha.urls')), # 圖片驗證碼 路由 path('refresh_captcha/', views.refresh_captcha), # 刷新驗證碼，ajax path('test/',IndexView.as_view()), #get與post請求路徑 ]
from django.shortcuts import render from django.views.generic import View from captcha.models import CaptchaStore from captcha.helpers import captcha_image_url from django.http import HttpResponse import json # 創建驗證碼 def captcha(): hashkey = CaptchaStore.generate_key() # 驗證碼答案 image_url = captcha_image_url(hashkey) # 驗證碼地址 captcha = {'hashkey': hashkey, 'image_url': image_url} return captcha #刷新驗證碼 def refresh_captcha(request): return HttpResponse(json.dumps(captcha()), content_type='application/json') # 驗證驗證碼 def jarge_captcha(captchaStr, captchaHashkey): if captchaStr and captchaHashkey: try: # 獲取根據hashkey獲取數據庫中的response值 get_captcha = CaptchaStore.objects.get(hashkey=captchaHashkey) if get_captcha.response == captchaStr.lower(): # 如果驗證碼匹配 return True except: return False else: return False class IndexView(View): def get(self, request): hashkey = CaptchaStore.generate_key() # 驗證碼答案 image_url = captcha_image_url(hashkey) # 驗證碼地址 print(hashkey,image_url) captcha = {'hashkey': hashkey, 'image_url': image_url} return render(request, "login.html", locals()) def post(self, request): capt = request.POST.get("captcha", None) # 用戶提交的驗證碼 key = request.POST.get("hashkey", None) # 驗證碼答案 if jarge_captcha(capt, key): return HttpResponse("驗證碼正確") else: return HttpResponse("驗證碼錯誤")
6.templates文件夾下login.html的內容
{% load static %}
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/4.0.0/js/bootstrap.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/test/" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<a href="#" class="captcha">
<img src="{{ captcha.image_url }}" alt="點擊切換" id="id_captcha" >
</a> <br>
<input type="text" name="captcha" placeholder="驗證碼"> <br>
<input value="{{ captcha.hashkey }}" name="hashkey" type="hidden" id="id_captcha_0">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary btn-block ">提交</button>
</form>
<script>
<!-- 動態刷新驗證碼js -->
$(document).ready(function(){
$('.captcha').click(function () {
$.getJSON("/refresh_captcha/", function (result) {
$('#id_captcha').attr('src', result['image_url']);
$('#id_captcha_0').val(result['hashkey'])
});
});
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
django-simple-captcha並沒有使用session對驗證碼進行存儲，而是使用了數據庫，當你在做數據庫遷移的時候會生成一個表 captcha_captchastore ，包含以下字段
challenge = models.CharField(blank=False, max_length=32) # 驗證碼大寫或者數學計算比如 1+1 response = models.CharField(blank=False, max_length=32) # 需要輸入的驗證碼 驗證碼小寫或數學計算的結果 比如 2 hashkey = models.CharField(blank=False, max_length=40, unique=True) # hash值 expiration = models.DateTimeField(blank=False) # 到期時間