pytest-fixture
fixture是在測試函數運行前后，由pytest執行的外殼函數。fixture中的代碼可以定制，滿足多變的測試需求，包括定義傳入測試中的數據集，配置測試前系統的初始狀態，為批量測試提供數據源，等等。
#!/usr/bin/python3
#-*- conding:utf-8 -*-
import pytest
@pytest.fixture()
def fixturefun():
return 2
def test_one(fixturefun):
assert fixturefun == 2
==================================== test session starts =====================================
platform linux -- Python 3.5.3, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: /media/_dde_data/python
collected 1 item
test_001.py . [100%]
===================================== 1 passed in 0.02s ======================================
fixture
@pytest.fixture()裝飾器用於聲明函數是一個fixture，如果測試用例的參數中包含此fixture函數，則在測試用例運行前會先運行此fixture函數。如果fixture函數有返回值，則將返回值傳遞給測試用例函數
調用方式
- 使用fixture名字作為參數
#!/usr/bin/python3
#-*- conding:utf-8 -*-
import pytest
@pytest.fixture()
def fixturetest():
print('fixturetest')
def test_1(fixturetest):
print('test_1')
- 使用 @pytest.mark.usefixtures('fixture') 裝飾器
#!/usr/bin/python3
#-*- conding:utf-8 -*-
import pytest
@pytest.fixture()
def fixturetest():
print('fixturetest')
@pytest.mark.usefixtures('fixturetest')
def test_2():
print('test_2')
- 使用autouse參數所有test_*自動執行fixture
#!/usr/bin/python3
#-*- conding:utf-8 -*-
import pytest
@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
def fixturetest():
print('fixturetest')
def test_1():
print('test_1')
def test_2():
print('test_2')
class Test_class():
def test_3(self):
print('test_3')
結果：
================================================== test session starts ===================================================
platform linux -- Python 3.5.3, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: /media/_dde_data/python
collected 3 items
test2.py fixturetest
test_1
.fixturetest
test_2
.fixturetest
test_3
.
=================================================== 3 passed in 0.01s ====================================================
usefixtures與傳fixture區別
如果fixture有返回值，那么usefixture就無法獲取到返回值，這個是裝飾器usefixture與用例直接傳fixture參數的區別。
當fixture需要用到return出來的參數時，只能講參數名稱直接當參數傳入，不需要用到return出來的參數時，兩種方式都可以。
使用fixture傳遞測試數據
#!/usr/bin/python3
#-*- conding:utf-8 -*-
import pytest
@pytest.fixture()
def fixturefun():
return (1,2,3,4)
def test_one(fixturefun):
assert fixturefun[0] == 2
==================================== test session starts =====================================
platform linux -- Python 3.5.3, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: /media/_dde_data/python
collected 1 item
test_001.py
SETUP F fixturefun
test_001.py::test_one (fixtures used: fixturefun)F
TEARDOWN F fixturefun
========================================== FAILURES ==========================================
__________________________________________ test_one __________________________________________
fixturefun = (1, 2, 3, 4)
def test_one(fixturefun):
> assert fixturefun[0] == 2
E assert 1 == 2
test_001.py:10: AssertionError
================================== short test summary info ===================================
FAILED test_001.py::test_one - assert 1 == 2
===================================== 1 failed in 0.18s ======================================
使用多個fixture
#!/usr/bin/python3
#-*- conding:utf-8 -*-
import pytest
@pytest.fixture()
def fixturefun1():
print ("**********fixture_1***********")
@pytest.fixture()
def fixturefun2():
print ("**********fixture_2***********")
def test_one(fixturefun1,fixturefun2):
print("測試用例")
==================================== test session starts =====================================
platform linux -- Python 3.5.3, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: /media/_dde_data/python
collected 1 item
test_001.py **********fixture_1***********
**********fixture_2***********
測試用例
.
===================================== 1 passed in 0.01s ======================================
使用yield實現teardown
@pytest.fixture()
def fixturetest():
print('setup')
yield
print('teardown')
例：
#!/usr/bin/python3
#-*- conding:utf-8 -*-
import pytest
@pytest.fixture(scope='class',autouse=True)
def fixturetest():
print('----------開始-------------')
yield
print('----------結束-------------')
class Test_class1():
def test_1(self):
print('test_1')
def test_2(self):
print('test_2')
class Test_class2():
def test_a(self):
print('test_a')
def test_b(self):
print('test_b')
==================================== test session starts =====================================
platform linux -- Python 3.5.3, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: /media/_dde_data/python
collected 4 items
test2.py ----------開始-------------
test_1
.test_2
.----------結束-------------
----------開始-------------
test_a
.test_b
.----------結束-------------
===================================== 4 passed in 0.02s ======================================
作用范圍
scope參數可以是session， module，class，function； 默認為function
-
session 會話級別：
每個session只運行一次，session級別的fixture需要定義到conftest.py中 -
module 模塊級別：
模塊里所有的用例執行前執行一次module級別的fixture -
class 類級別 ：
每個類執行前都會執行一次class級別的fixture -
function ：
前面實例已經說了，這個模式是默認的模式，函數級別的，每個測試用例執行前都會執行一次function級別的fixture
目錄結構：
.
├── conftest.py
├── __init__.py
├── test_001.py
└── test_002.py
#conftest.py
import pytest
@pytest.fixture(scope="session",autouse="True")
def sess_scope():
print('----------開始session-------------')
yield
print('----------結束session-------------')
@pytest.fixture(scope="module",autouse="True")
def mod_scope():
print('----------開始module-------------')
yield
print('----------結束module-------------')
@pytest.fixture(scope="class",autouse="True")
def class_scope():
print('----------開始class-------------')
yield
print('----------結束class-------------')
@pytest.fixture(scope="function",autouse="True")
def fun_scope():
print('----------開始function-------------')
yield
print('----------結束function-------------')
#test_001.py
#!/usr/bin/python3
#-*- conding:utf-8 -*-
import pytest
def test_one():
print("函數用例 1")
class Test_Class1():
def test_two(self):
print("類 1 用例 2")
def test_three(self):
print("類 1 用例 3")
def test_four():
print("函數用例 4")
#test_002.py
#!/usr/bin/python3
#-*- conding:utf-8 -*-
import pytest
def test_1():
print("函數用例 5")
class Test_Class2():
def test_6(self):
print("類 2 用例 6")
def test_7(self):
print("類 2 用例 7")
def test_4():
print("函數用例 8")
==================================== test session starts =====================================
platform linux -- Python 3.5.3, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: /media/_dde_data/python
collected 8 items
test_001.py ----------開始session-------------
----------開始module-------------
----------開始class-------------
----------開始function-------------
函數用例 1
.----------結束function-------------
----------結束class-------------
----------開始class-------------
----------開始function-------------
類 1 用例 2
.----------結束function-------------
----------開始function-------------
類 1 用例 3
.----------結束function-------------
----------結束class-------------
----------開始class-------------
----------開始function-------------
函數用例 3
.----------結束function-------------
----------結束class-------------
----------結束module-------------
test_002.py ----------開始module-------------
----------開始class-------------
----------開始function-------------
函數用例 5
.----------結束function-------------
----------結束class-------------
----------開始class-------------
----------開始function-------------
類 2 用例 6
.----------結束function-------------
----------開始function-------------
類 2 用例 7
.----------結束function-------------
----------結束class-------------
----------開始class-------------
----------開始function-------------
函數用例 8
.----------結束function-------------
----------結束class-------------
----------結束module-------------
----------結束session-------------
===================================== 8 passed in 0.03s ======================================
此例中發現當作用范圍時class(autouse="True")級別時，其實函數用例（類之外的）運行前后也都會運行
為fixture重命名
fixture允許使用@pytest.fixture的name參數對fixture重命名
#!/usr/bin/python3
#-*- conding:utf-8 -*-
import pytest
@pytest.fixture(name='fix')
def fixturefun():
print("**********fixture*************")
@pytest.mark.usefixtures('fix')
def test_one():
print("函數用例 1")
==================================== test session starts =====================================
platform linux -- Python 3.5.3, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: /media/_dde_data/python
collected 1 item
test_001.py **********fixture*************
函數用例 1
.
===================================== 1 passed in 0.01s ======================================
fixture參數化
使用pytest的內建fixturerequest實現參數化
#!/usr/bin/python3
#-*- conding:utf-8 -*-
import pytest
test_param = [(1,2),("a","b"),(False,False),(int,int)]
@pytest.fixture(params=test_param)
def fixturefun(request):
test = request.param
return test
def test_001(fixturefun):
assert fixturefun[0] == fixturefun[1]
==================================== test session starts =====================================
platform linux -- Python 3.5.3, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1 -- /usr/bin/python3
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: /media/_dde_data/python
collected 4 items
test_001.py::test_001[fixturefun0] FAILED [ 25%]
test_001.py::test_001[fixturefun1] FAILED [ 50%]
test_001.py::test_001[fixturefun2] PASSED [ 75%]
test_001.py::test_001[fixturefun3] PASSED [100%]
========================================== FAILURES ==========================================
___________________________________ test_001[fixturefun0] ____________________________________
fixturefun = (1, 2)
def test_001(fixturefun):
> assert fixturefun[0] == fixturefun[1]
E assert 1 == 2
E +1
E -2
test_001.py:13: AssertionError
___________________________________ test_001[fixturefun1] ____________________________________
fixturefun = ('a', 'b')
def test_001(fixturefun):
> assert fixturefun[0] == fixturefun[1]
E AssertionError: assert 'a' == 'b'
E - b
E + a
test_001.py:13: AssertionError
================================== short test summary info ===================================
FAILED test_001.py::test_001[fixturefun0] - assert 1 == 2
FAILED test_001.py::test_001[fixturefun1] - AssertionError: assert 'a' == 'b'
================================ 2 failed, 2 passed in 0.20s =================================
fixturehe和@pytest.mark.parametrize結合的參數化
#!/usr/bin/python3
#-*- conding:utf-8 -*-
import pytest
test_param = [(1,2),("a","b"),(False,False),(int,int)]
@pytest.fixture()
def fixturefun(request):
test = request.param
return test
@pytest.mark.parametrize("fixturefun",test_param,indirect=True) #indirect=True 聲明fixturefun不是參數，而是一個函數
def test_001(fixturefun):
assert fixturefun[0] == fixturefun[1]
==================================== test session starts =====================================
platform linux -- Python 3.5.3, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1 -- /usr/bin/python3
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: /media/_dde_data/python
collected 4 items
test_001.py::test_001[fixturefun0] FAILED [ 25%]
test_001.py::test_001[fixturefun1] FAILED [ 50%]
test_001.py::test_001[fixturefun2] PASSED [ 75%]
test_001.py::test_001[fixturefun3] PASSED [100%]
========================================== FAILURES ==========================================
___________________________________ test_001[fixturefun0] ____________________________________
fixturefun = (1, 2)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("fixturefun",test_param,indirect=True)
def test_001(fixturefun):
> assert fixturefun[0] == fixturefun[1]
E assert 1 == 2
E +1
E -2
test_001.py:14: AssertionError
___________________________________ test_001[fixturefun1] ____________________________________
fixturefun = ('a', 'b')
@pytest.mark.parametrize("fixturefun",test_param,indirect=True)
def test_001(fixturefun):
> assert fixturefun[0] == fixturefun[1]
E AssertionError: assert 'a' == 'b'
E - b
E + a
test_001.py:14: AssertionError
================================== short test summary info ===================================
FAILED test_001.py::test_001[fixturefun0] - assert 1 == 2
FAILED test_001.py::test_001[fixturefun1] - AssertionError: assert 'a' == 'b'
================================ 2 failed, 2 passed in 0.20s =================================