代碼一定得寫的優雅一點!
你還在使用try-catch-finally關閉資源嗎,如果是,那么就有點out了。皮皮甜手把手教你使用JDK7引用的try-with-resource
JDK7之前資源的關閉姿勢:
/**
* jdk7以前關閉流的方式
*
* @author hetiantian
* */
public class CloseResourceBefore7 {
private static final String FileName = "file.txt";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
FileInputStream inputStream = null;
try {
inputStream = new FileInputStream(FileName);
char c1 = (char) inputStream.read();
System.out.println("c1=" + c1);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (inputStream != null) {
inputStream.close();
}
}
}
}
JDK7及以后關閉資源的正確姿勢
try-with-resource Resource的定義:
所有實現了 java.lang.AutoCloseable[1] 接口(其中,它包括實現了 java.io.Closeable[2] 的所有對象),可以使用作為資源。簡單Demo進行證實:實現java.lang.AutoCloseable接口的Resource類:
/**
* 資源類
*
* @author hetiantian
* */
public class Resource implements AutoCloseable {
public void sayHello() {
System.out.println("hello");
}
@Override
public void close() throws Exception {
System.out.println("Resource is closed");
}
}
測試類CloseResourceIn7.java
/**
* jdk7及以后關閉流的方式
*
* @author hetiantian
* */
public class CloseResourceIn7 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try(Resource resource = new Resource()) {
resource.sayHello();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
打印結果:
hello
Resource is closed
當存在多個打開資源的時候:資源二Resource2.java
/**
* 資源2
*
* @author hetiantian
* */
public class Resource2 implements AutoCloseable {
public void sayhello() {
System.out.println("Resource say hello");
}
@Override
public void close() throws Exception {
System.out.println("Resource2 is closed");
}
}
測試類CloseResourceIn7.java
/**
* jdk7及以后關閉流的方式
*
* @author hetiantian
* */
public class CloseResourceIn7 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try(Resource resource = new Resource(); Resource2 resource2 = new Resource2()) {
resource.sayHello();
resource2.sayhello();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
打印結果:
`hello
Resource say hello
Resource2 is closed
Resource is closed
`
即使資源很多,代碼也可以寫的很簡潔,如果用JDK7之前的方式去關閉資源,那么資源越多,用fianl關閉資源時嵌套也就越多。最近寫的這篇:寫了個全局變量的bug,也推薦看下。
那么它的底層原理又是怎樣的呢,由皮皮甜獨家揭秘優雅關閉資源背后的密碼秘密
查看編譯的class文件CloseResourceIn7.class:
public class CloseResourceIn7 {
public CloseResourceIn7() {
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
Resource resource = new Resource();
Throwable var2 = null;
try {
resource.sayHello();
} catch (Throwable var12) {
var2 = var12;
throw var12;
} finally {
if (resource != null) {
if (var2 != null) {
try {
resource.close();
} catch (Throwable var11) {
var2.addSuppressed(var11);
}
} else {
resource.close();
}
}
}
} catch (Exception var14) {
var14.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
可以發現編譯以后生成了try-catch-finally語句塊 finally中的var2.addSuppressed(var11);
是不是有疑問?其實這么做是為了處理異常屏蔽的,我們將代碼修改一下。
資源Resource.java
/**
* 資源類
*
* @author hetiantian
* */
public class Resource implements AutoCloseable {
public void sayHello() throws Exception {
throw new Exception("Resource throw Exception");
}
@Override
public void close() throws Exception {
throw new Exception("Close method throw Exception");
}
}
兩個方法里面都拋出異常
測試類CloseResourceIn7.java
/**
* jdk7及以后關閉流的方式
*
* @author hetiantian
* */
public class CloseResourceIn7 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
errorTest();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private static void errorTest() throws Exception {
Resource resource = null;
try {
resource = new Resource();
resource.sayHello();
}
finally {
if (resource != null) {
resource.close();
}
}
}
}
打印結果:
java.lang.Exception: Close method throw Exception
at com.shuwen.Resource.close(Resource.java:15)
at com.shuwen.CloseResourceIn7.errorTest(CloseResourceIn7.java:27)
at com.shuwen.CloseResourceIn7.main(CloseResourceIn7.java:12)
只打印了最后出現的異常【異常屏蔽】這樣會給開發人員排查錯誤帶來一定的困難 我們換成try-with-resource方法實現CloseResourceIn7.java
/**
* jdk7及以后關閉流的方式
*
* @author hetiantian
* */
public class CloseResourceIn7 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
errorTest();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private static void errorTest() throws Exception {
try(Resource resource = new Resource()) {
resource.sayHello();
}
}
}
打印信息:
java.lang.Exception: Resource throw Exception
at com.shuwen.Resource.sayHello(Resource.java:10)
at com.shuwen.CloseResourceIn7.errorTest(CloseResourceIn7.java:20)
at com.shuwen.CloseResourceIn7.main(CloseResourceIn7.java:12)
Suppressed: java.lang.Exception: Close method throw Exception
at com.shuwen.Resource.close(Resource.java:15)
at com.shuwen.CloseResourceIn7.errorTest(CloseResourceIn7.java:21)
... 1 more
可以發現,異常信息中多了一個Suppressed的提示,告訴我們這個異常其實由兩個異常組成,Close method throw Exception這個異常是被Suppressed【屏蔽】的異常
怎么樣,是不是很簡單呢,如果學會了話來個在看吧!
參考資料
[1]java.lang.AutoCloseable: http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/AutoCloseable.html
[2]java.io.Closeable: http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/io/Closeable.html
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