django+mysql實現網頁查詢
實現網頁查詢並返回結果，將查詢關鍵字保存至數據庫
環境：
- vscode 編輯器
- python3.8.2
- djangoVersion: 2.0
- pip list
Package Version
----------------- -------
astroid 2.4.2
colorama 0.4.3
Django 2.0
isort 4.3.21
lazy-object-proxy 1.4.3
mccabe 0.6.1
pip 20.1.1
pylint 2.5.3
PyMySQL 0.9.3
pytz 2020.1
setuptools 41.2.0
six 1.15.0
toml 0.10.1
wrapt 1.12.1
1、創建視圖，添加映射
mkdir projects
cd projects
python -m venv .venv_mysql
cd .venv_mysql/scripts
activate ## 激活虛擬環境
pip install django==2.0## 高版本不支持pymysql,如果能安裝上mysqlclient也可以使用高版本的
django-admin startproject pro_mysql
cd pro_mysql
python manage.py startapp app_mysql
## 1、創建兩個視圖app_mysql/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
# Create your views here.
def search(request):
return render(request,"app_mysql/search.html",{})
def handle(request):
return render(request,"app_mysql/resp.html",{})
## 2、修改pro/setting.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'app_mysql',
]
# 3、添加映射
## 3.1 子路由app/urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from . import views
app_name = 'app_mysql' ## 命名空間
urlpatterns = [
path('', views.search,name='search'),
path('handle/', views.handle,name='handle'),
]
## 3.2 總路由pro/urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,include
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('', include('app_mysql.urls')),
]
2、添加頁面框架並測試django
# 1、app_mysql/templates/app_mysql/search.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>搜索</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>hello world</h1>
</body>
</html>
# 2、app_mysql/templates/app_mysql/resp.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>返回內容</title>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
-
命令行檢查django是否安裝成功
python manage.py runserver
3、數據庫mysql安裝
-
下載mysql安裝包,解壓到安裝目錄，注意目錄不要包含中文
-
①下轉到mysql的bin目錄下：cmd命令行：cd mysql..\bin
-
②安裝mysql的服務：mysqld --install 或者mysqld –remove ，mysqld remove MySQL，刪除data文件夾
-
③初始化mysql，在這里，初始化會產生一個隨機密碼,記住這個密碼，后面會用到(mysqld --initialize --console)
- mysqld --initialize --console
- -Knhlwhhj1wV
-
④開啟mysql的服務(net start mysql)、停服務net stop mysql
-
⑤登錄驗證，mysql是否安裝成功！
- mysql -u root -p 密碼提示輸入：root110
-
修改密碼：alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'root110';
- exit
- mysql -u root -p 密碼提示輸入：root110
-
設置系統的全局變量：
- ①點擊"我的電腦"-->"屬性"-->''高級系統設置''-->''環境變量''
4、navicat 連接數據庫
- 創建連接
- mysql
- app_mysql
- localhost
- 3306
- root
- root110
- 創建數據庫
- 數據庫名：mysql-demo1
- 字符集：utf8mb4
- 排序規則：空着
- 創建表shop，text
- shop表 和 text表可使用語法生成
5、vscode設置數據庫連接
## 設置pro_mysql/__init__.py
## 命令行先安裝pymysql
pip install pymysql
# import pymysql # 導入第三方模塊，用來操作mysql數據庫
import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
## 設置pro_mysql/settings.py
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': 'mysql-demo1',
'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
'PORT': 3306,
'USER':'root',
'PASSWORD':'root110'
}
}
## 命令行查看數據庫細節
python manage.py inspectdb
## 生成models.py文件
python manage.py inspectdb > models.py
## 將models.py移動到app下
## 修改models.py為可寫
class Meta:
managed = True ## True為可寫
db_table = 'text'
6、搜索網頁內容編寫
## 1、編寫app/template/name1/search.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>搜索</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="{% url 'app_mysql:handle' %}" method="POST"> <!--命名空間app_name的值:對應函數-->
{% csrf_token %} <!--django防范跨越攻擊的作用-->
<div> <!--搜索框-->
<input type="text" name="搜索內容"> ## 注意屬性之間沒有逗號
<input type="submit" value="搜索">
</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>
7、接收數據,返回數據
## 1、app_mysql/views.py中編寫接收數據函數，將數據保存到數據庫
from . import service
def handle(request):
text = request.POST["搜索內容"] ## 對應search.html中<input type="text",name="搜索內容">
service.addText(text) ## 將搜索的值存入數據庫
## app_mysql/service.py 新建文件，存儲到數據庫功能的文件
from .models import Text
def addText(text):
text1 = Text(text=text)
text1.save()
## 2、返回數據函數
def handle(request):
text = request.POST["搜索內容"] ## 對應search.html中<input type="text",name="搜索內容">
service.addText(text) ## 將搜索的值存入數據庫
db = Shop.objects.all() ## 將數據庫的每條數據內容變為可操作的對象
po_list=[] ## 創建列表
for i in db:
if text in i.title:
po_list.append(i.content) ## 若傳入的text值在shop.title中，將shop.content加入列表
return render(request,"app_mysql/resp.html",{"resp":po_list}) ## 將列表值返回給resp.html，使用resp接收
8、搜索結果返回網頁編寫
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>返回內容</title>
</head>
<body>
{% for i in resp %}
<h1>{{ i }}</h1>
{% endfor%}
</body>
</html>
9、測試結果
- python manage.py runserver
- 網頁打開http://127.0.0.1:8000/
- 輸入表單內容，並提交
- 跳轉到http://127.0.0.1:8000/handle並有數據返回
- 查看Navicat數據庫中text表中是否保存有關鍵字
10、相關問題
-
提示需要安裝更高版本的mysqlclient時，可考慮降低django版本，原因可baidu
-
提示vscode會提示出現Class “xxx” has no ‘objects’ member錯誤：
- 不影響使用
- pip install pylint-django
-
settings.json中增加以下語句
{ "python.pythonPath": ".venv\\Scripts\\python.exe", "python.linting.pylintArgs": ["--generate-members"] }
完整代碼
app_mysql
- views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from . import service
from app_mysql.models import Shop
# Create your views here.
from django.shortcuts import render
# Create your views here.
def search(request):
return render(request,"app_mysql/search.html",{})
def handle(request):
text = request.POST["搜索內容"] ## 對應search.html中<input type="text",name="搜索內容">
service.addText(text) ## 將搜索的值存入數據庫
db = Shop.objects.all() ## 將數據庫的每條數據內容變為可操作的對象
po_list=[] ## 創建列表
for i in db:
if text in i.title:
po_list.append(i.content) ## 若傳入的text值在shop.title中，將shop.content加入列表
return render(request,"app_mysql/resp.html",{"resp":po_list}) ## 將列表值返回給resp.html，使用resp接收
- urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from . import views
app_name = 'app_mysql' ## 命名空間
urlpatterns = [
path('', views.search,name='search'),
path('handle/', views.handle,name='handle'),
]
- modles.py
# This is an auto-generated Django model module.
# You'll have to do the following manually to clean this up:
# * Rearrange models' order
# * Make sure each model has one field with primary_key=True
# * Make sure each ForeignKey has `on_delete` set to the desired behavior.
# * Remove `managed = False` lines if you wish to allow Django to create, modify, and delete the table
# Feel free to rename the models, but don't rename db_table values or field names.
from django.db import models
class Shop(models.Model):
id = models.IntegerField(primary_key=True)
title = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
content = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
class Meta:
managed = True
db_table = 'shop'
class Text(models.Model):
id = models.IntegerField(primary_key=True)
text = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True)
class Meta:
managed = True
db_table = 'text'
- service.py
from .models import Text
## 存儲到數據庫功能的文件
def addText(text):
text1 = Text(text=text)
text1.save()
- seach.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>搜索</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="{% url 'app_mysql:handle' %}" method="POST"> <!--命名空間app_name的值:對應函數-->
{% csrf_token %} <!--django防范跨越攻擊的作用-->
<div> <!--搜索框-->
<input type="text" name="搜索內容">
<input type="submit" value="搜索">
</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>
- resp.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>返回內容</title>
</head>
<body>
{% for i in resp %}
<h1>{{ i }}</h1>
{% endfor%}
</body>
</html>