一、引言
APM為我們實現異步編程提供了一定的支持,同時它也存在着一些明顯的問題——不支持對異步操作的取消和沒有提供對進度報告的功能,對於有界面的應用程序來說,進度報告和取消操作的支持也是必不可少的。
微軟在.NET 2.0的時候就為我們提供了一個新的異步編程模型,也就是基於事件的異步編程模型——EAP(Event-based Asynchronous Pattern )。
二、介紹
實現了基於事件的異步模式的類將具有一個或者多個以Async為后綴的方法和對應的Completed事件,並且這些類都支持異步方法的取消、進度報告和報告結果。
當我們調用實現基於事件的異步模式的類的 XxxAsync方法時,即代表開始了一個異步操作,該方法調用完之后會使一個線程池線程去執行耗時的操作,所以當UI線程調用該方法時,當然也就不會堵塞UI線程了。
並且基於事件的異步模式是建立了APM的基礎之上的,而APM又是建立了在委托之上的。
public static void GetInfomation() { WebClient client = new WebClient(); Uri uri = new Uri("http://www.baidu.com"); client.DownloadFileCompleted += new AsyncCompletedEventHandler(client_DownloadFileCompleted); client.DownloadProgressChanged += new DownloadProgressChangedEventHandler(client_DownloadProgressCallback); client.DownloadFileAsync(uri, "serverdata.txt"); } static void client_DownloadProgressCallback(object sender, DownloadProgressChangedEventArgs e) { // Displays the operation identifier, and the transfer progress. Console.WriteLine("{0} downloaded {1} of {2} bytes. {3} % complete...", (string)e.UserState, e.BytesReceived, e.TotalBytesToReceive, e.ProgressPercentage); } static void client_DownloadFileCompleted(object sender, AsyncCompletedEventArgs e) { string RetStr = (e.Error == null ? "成功" : e.Error.Message); Console.Write(RetStr); //顯示操作結果信息 }
三、使用BackgroundWorker組件進行異步編程
BackgroundWorker類就是用EAP實現的。
BackgroundWorker類
公共屬性
- CancellationPending:獲取一個值,指示應用程序是否已請求取消后台操作
- IsBusy:獲取一個值,指示 BackgroundWorker 是否正在運行異步操作。
- WorkReportsProgress:獲取或設置一個值,該值指示 BackgroundWorker 能否報告進度更新。
- WorkerSupportsCancellation:獲取或設置一個值,該值指示 BackgroundWorker 是否支持異步取消。
公共方法
- CancelAsync:請求取消掛起的后台操作。
- ReportProgress:引發 ProgressChanged 事件
- RunWorkerAsync:開始執行后台操作。
公共事件
- DoWork:調用 RunWorkerAsync 時發生
- ProgressChanged:調用ReportProgress時發生
- RunWorkerCompleted:當后台操作已完成、被取消或引發異常時發生。
下面向大家演示一個使用BackgroundWorker組件實現異步下載文件的一個小程序,該程序支持異步下載(指的就是用線程池線程要執行下載操作),斷點續傳、下載取消和進度報告的功能。
事件綁定:
代碼:
public int DownloadSize = 0; public string downloadPath = null; private RequestState requestState = null; private long totalSize = 0; public FileDownloader() { InitializeComponent(); string url = "http://download.microsoft.com/download/7/0/3/703455ee-a747-4cc8-bd3e-98a615c3aedb/dotNetFx35setup.exe"; //string url = "http://download.microsoft.com/download/9/5/A/95A9616B-7A37-4AF6-BC36-D6EA96C8DAAE/dotNetFx40_Full_x86_x64.exe"; txbUrl.Text = url; this.btnPause.Enabled = false; //this.status = DownloadStatus.Initialized; // Get download Path GetTotalSize(); downloadPath = Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.Desktop) + "\\" + Path.GetFileName(this.txbUrl.Text.Trim()); if (File.Exists(downloadPath)) { FileInfo fileInfo = new FileInfo(downloadPath); DownloadSize = (int)fileInfo.Length; progressBar1.Value = (int)((float)DownloadSize / (float)totalSize * 100); } // 啟用支持 ReportProgress and Cancellation bgWorkerFileDownload.WorkerReportsProgress = true; bgWorkerFileDownload.WorkerSupportsCancellation = true; } //開始或恢復下載 private void btnDownload_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (bgWorkerFileDownload.IsBusy != true) { // 啟動異步操作觸發DoWork事件 bgWorkerFileDownload.RunWorkerAsync(); // 創建RequestState 實例 requestState = new RequestState(downloadPath); requestState.filestream.Seek(DownloadSize, SeekOrigin.Begin); this.btnDownload.Enabled = false; this.btnPause.Enabled = true; } else { MessageBox.Show("正在執行操作,請稍后"); } } // 暫停下載 private void btnPause_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (bgWorkerFileDownload.IsBusy && bgWorkerFileDownload.WorkerSupportsCancellation == true) { // 終止異步操作觸發RunWorkerCompleted事件 bgWorkerFileDownload.CancelAsync(); } } #region BackGroundWorker Event // 1、當調用RunWorkerAsync方法時觸發 private void bgWorkerFileDownload_DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e) { //獲取事件源 BackgroundWorker bgworker = sender as BackgroundWorker; try { // 執行下載操作 // 初始化一個HttpWebRequest對象 HttpWebRequest myHttpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(txbUrl.Text.Trim()); // 如果文件已下載了一部分, // 服務器應該從DownloadSize開始發送數據到HTTP實體中數據的末尾。 if (DownloadSize != 0) { myHttpWebRequest.AddRange(DownloadSize); } // 指定一個 HttpWebRequest 實例到request字段. requestState.request = myHttpWebRequest; requestState.response = (HttpWebResponse)myHttpWebRequest.GetResponse(); requestState.streamResponse = requestState.response.GetResponseStream(); int readSize = 0; while (true) { if (bgworker.CancellationPending == true) { e.Cancel = true; break; } readSize = requestState.streamResponse.Read(requestState.BufferRead, 0, requestState.BufferRead.Length); if (readSize > 0) { DownloadSize += readSize; int percentComplete = (int)((float)DownloadSize / (float)totalSize * 100); requestState.filestream.Write(requestState.BufferRead, 0, readSize); // 報告進度,引發ProgressChanged事件的發生 bgworker.ReportProgress(percentComplete); } else { break; } } } catch { throw; } } // 2、當調用ReportProgress方法時觸發 private void bgWorkerFileDownload_ProgressChanged(object sender, ProgressChangedEventArgs e) { this.progressBar1.Value = e.ProgressPercentage; } // 3、當后台操作完成,取消或者有錯誤時觸發 private void bgWorkerFileDownload_RunWorkerCompleted(object sender, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e) { if (e.Error != null) { MessageBox.Show(e.Error.Message); requestState.response.Close(); } else if (e.Cancelled) { MessageBox.Show(String.Format("下載暫停,下載的文件地址為:{0}\n 已經下載的字節數為: {1}字節", downloadPath, DownloadSize)); requestState.response.Close(); requestState.filestream.Close(); this.btnDownload.Enabled = true; this.btnPause.Enabled = false; } else { MessageBox.Show(String.Format("下載已完成,下載的文件地址為:{0},文件的總字節數為: {1}字節", downloadPath, totalSize)); this.btnDownload.Enabled = false; this.btnPause.Enabled = false; requestState.response.Close(); requestState.filestream.Close(); } } #endregion BackGroundWorker Event // 獲取文件總大小 private void GetTotalSize() { HttpWebRequest myHttpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(txbUrl.Text.Trim()); HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)myHttpWebRequest.GetResponse(); totalSize = response.ContentLength; response.Close(); } } // 此類存儲請求的狀態 public class RequestState { public int BufferSize = 2048; public byte[] BufferRead; public HttpWebRequest request; public HttpWebResponse response; public Stream streamResponse; public FileStream filestream; public RequestState(string downloadPath) { BufferRead = new byte[BufferSize]; request = null; streamResponse = null; filestream = new FileStream(downloadPath, FileMode.OpenOrCreate); }
運行程序點擊"下載"按鈕然后再點擊"暫停"后的結果:
當暫停下載后,我們還可以點 ”下載“按鈕繼續下載該文件,此時並不會從開開始下載,而會接着上次的下載繼續下載。
這個實現主要是通過AddRange方法來實現的,該方法是指出向服務器請求文件的大小,上面代碼中通過傳入DownloadSize來告訴服務器,這次我需要的內容不是從開頭開始的,而是從已經下載的文件字節數開始到該文件的總的字節結尾,這樣就就實現了斷點續傳的功能了,使戶暫停下載不至於之前下載的都白費了。程序的運行結果為: