首先說明一下，這里使用的是Springboot2.2.6.RELEASE版本，由於Springboot迭代很快，所以要注意版本問題。
1、Spring Data是Spring提供的幫助操作數據的框架，Spring Data中的一個模塊叫做Spring Data JPA，Spring Data JPA只是Spring Data框架下的一個基於JPA標准操作數據的模塊，Spring Data JPA底層默認的使用的是Hibernate來做的JPA實現。Spring Data JPA核心能力就是基於JPA的標准對數據進行操作，極大簡化了代碼的編寫，簡化操作持久層的代碼，直接編寫接口就可以了。
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 3 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> 4 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> 5 <parent> 6 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 7 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> 8 <version>2.2.6.RELEASE</version> 9 <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> 10 </parent> 11 <groupId>com.bie</groupId> 12 <artifactId>springboot-jpa</artifactId> 13 <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> 14 <name>springboot-jpa</name> 15 <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> 16 17 <properties> 18 <java.version>1.8</java.version> 19 </properties> 20 21 <dependencies> 22 <!-- springBoot 的啟動器 --> 23 <dependency> 24 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 25 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> 26 </dependency> 27 <!-- thymeleaf 的啟動器 --> 28 <dependency> 29 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 30 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId> 31 </dependency> 32 <!-- springBoot測試的啟動器 --> 33 <dependency> 34 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 35 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> 36 <scope>test</scope> 37 <!--<exclusions> 38 <exclusion> 39 <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId> 40 <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId> 41 </exclusion> 42 </exclusions>--> 43 </dependency> 44 45 <!-- Spring Data JPA 的啟動器 --> 46 <dependency> 47 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 48 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId> 49 </dependency> 50 51 <!-- mysql驅動包 --> 52 <dependency> 53 <groupId>mysql</groupId> 54 <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> 55 </dependency> 56 57 <!-- druid連接池 --> 58 <dependency> 59 <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> 60 <artifactId>druid</artifactId> 61 <version>1.1.10</version> 62 </dependency> 63 </dependencies> 64 65 <build> 66 <plugins> 67 <plugin> 68 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 69 <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> 70 </plugin> 71 </plugins> 72 </build> 73 74 </project>
在application.properties配置文件中配置數據庫鏈接信息、數據庫鏈接池、Spring Data JPA開啟正向工程、在控制台打印sql語句。
1 # mysql的數據庫驅動 2 spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver 3 # mysql的鏈接 4 spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssm 5 # mysql的賬號 6 spring.datasource.username=root 7 # mysql的密碼 8 spring.datasource.password=123456 9 10 # druid連接池的配置 11 spring.datasource.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource 12 13 # Spring Data JPA,此配置可以在實體類中使用注解來創建數據表，開啟正向工程 14 spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update 15 # 在控制台打印sql語句 16 spring.jpa.show-sql=true
創建實體類Users。
1 package com.bie.springboot.po; 2 3 import javax.persistence.*; 4 5 @Entity // 表示該類是實體類 6 @Table(name = "tb_users") // 表示該實體類和數據表進行映射，name表示實體類和數據表進行映射 7 // 如果使用的是正向工程的話，name屬性的值表示的是數據表的表名稱。 8 public class Users { 9 10 @Id // 表示該字段是主鍵 11 @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) // 主鍵的生成策略 12 @Column(name = "id") // 表示實體類的字段和數據表的字段進行映射的關系，如果是正向工程的話，name的值就是數據表的字段名稱 13 private Integer id;// 用戶編號 14 15 @Column(name = "name") 16 private String name;// 用戶姓名 17 18 @Column(name = "age") 19 private Integer age;// 用戶年齡 20 21 @Column(name = "address") 22 private String address;// 用戶地址 23 24 // alt + insert來生成構造器、setter\getter等等方法 25 public Integer getId() { 26 return id; 27 } 28 29 public void setId(Integer id) { 30 this.id = id; 31 } 32 33 public String getName() { 34 return name; 35 } 36 37 public void setName(String name) { 38 this.name = name; 39 } 40 41 public Integer getAge() { 42 return age; 43 } 44 45 public void setAge(Integer age) { 46 this.age = age; 47 } 48 49 public String getAddress() { 50 return address; 51 } 52 53 public void setAddress(String address) { 54 this.address = address; 55 } 56 57 @Override 58 public String toString() { 59 return "Users{" + 60 "id=" + id + 61 ", name='" + name + '\'' + 62 ", age=" + age + 63 ", address='" + address + '\'' + 64 '}'; 65 } 66 67 public Users(String name, Integer age, String address) { 68 this.name = name; 69 this.age = age; 70 this.address = address; 71 } 72 73 public Users() { 74 } 75 }
創建數據交互層接口繼承JpaRepository<T,ID>。
泛型參數1，T表示的是當前需要映射的實體類類型，當前需要映射的實體。
泛型參數2，ID表示需要映射的實體中的主鍵的類型，當前映射的實體中的OID的類型。
1 package com.bie.springboot.dao; 2 3 import com.bie.springboot.po.Users; 4 import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository; 5 6 /** 7 * JpaRepository<T,ID> 8 * 泛型參數1，T表示的是當前需要映射的實體類類型，當前需要映射的實體。 9 * 泛型參數2，ID表示需要映射的實體中的主鍵的類型，當前映射的實體中的OID的類型。 10 */ 11 public interface UsersDao extends JpaRepository<Users, Integer> { 12 13 }
開始測試，測試代碼，如下所示：
1 package com.bie.springboot; 2 3 import com.bie.springboot.dao.UsersDao; 4 import com.bie.springboot.po.Users; 5 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; 6 import org.junit.runner.RunWith; 7 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 8 import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; 9 import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; 10 11 @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) 12 @SpringBootTest(classes = SpringbootJpaApplication.class) // 啟動器，將測試類和啟動器整合在一起 13 class SpringbootJpaApplicationTests { 14 15 @Autowired 16 private UsersDao usersDao; 17 18 @Test 19 public void testSave() { 20 Users users = new Users(); 21 users.setAddress("北京市海淀"); 22 users.setAge(20); 23 users.setName("張三"); 24 this.usersDao.save(users); 25 } 26 27 }
如果下面報錯，就在數據庫鏈接URL后面根據下面所示的內容即可。
?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true&serverTimezone=UTC
1 . ____ _ __ _ _ 2 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \ 3 ( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \ 4 \\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) ) 5 ' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / / 6 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/ 7 :: Spring Boot :: (v2.2.6.RELEASE) 8 9 2020-05-20 13:40:41.734 INFO 14492 --- [ main] c.b.s.SpringbootJpaApplicationTests : Starting SpringbootJpaApplicationTests on DESKTOP-V37QSSE with PID 14492 (started by biehl in D:\program\idea\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.1.3\workspace_idea\springboot-jpa) 10 2020-05-20 13:40:41.736 INFO 14492 --- [ main] c.b.s.SpringbootJpaApplicationTests : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default 11 2020-05-20 13:40:43.891 INFO 14492 --- [ main] .s.d.r.c.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate : Bootstrapping Spring Data JPA repositories in DEFAULT mode. 12 2020-05-20 13:40:44.000 INFO 14492 --- [ main] .s.d.r.c.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate : Finished Spring Data repository scanning in 96ms. Found 1 JPA repository interfaces. 13 2020-05-20 13:40:45.245 INFO 14492 --- [ main] o.hibernate.jpa.internal.util.LogHelper : HHH000204: Processing PersistenceUnitInfo [name: default] 14 2020-05-20 13:40:45.451 INFO 14492 --- [ main] org.hibernate.Version : HHH000412: Hibernate ORM core version 5.4.12.Final 15 2020-05-20 13:40:45.813 INFO 14492 --- [ main] o.hibernate.annotations.common.Version : HCANN000001: Hibernate Commons Annotations {5.1.0.Final} 16 Loading class `com.mysql.jdbc.Driver'. This is deprecated. The new driver class is `com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver'. The driver is automatically registered via the SPI and manual loading of the driver class is generally unnecessary. 17 2020-05-20 13:40:47.129 INFO 14492 --- [ main] com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource : {dataSource-1} inited 18 2020-05-20 13:40:47.326 ERROR 14492 --- [reate-173197870] com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource : create connection SQLException, url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/biehl?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8, errorCode 0, state 01S00 19 20 java.sql.SQLException: The server time zone value '�й���ʱ��' is unrecognized or represents more than one time zone. You must configure either the server or JDBC driver (via the 'serverTimezone' configuration property) to use a more specifc time zone value if you want to utilize time zone support. 21 at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:129) ~[mysql-connector-java-8.0.19.jar:8.0.19] 22 at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:97) ~[mysql-connector-java-8.0.19.jar:8.0.19] 23 at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:89) ~[mysql-connector-java-8.0.19.jar:8.0.19] 24 at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:63) ~[mysql-connector-java-8.0.19.jar:8.0.19] 25 at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:73) ~[mysql-connector-java-8.0.19.jar:8.0.19] 26 at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLExceptionsMapping.translateException(SQLExceptionsMapping.java:76) ~[mysql-connector-java-8.0.19.jar:8.0.19] 27 at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.createNewIO(ConnectionImpl.java:836) ~[mysql-connector-java-8.0.19.jar:8.0.19] 28 at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.<init>(ConnectionImpl.java:456) ~[mysql-connector-java-8.0.19.jar:8.0.19] 29 at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.getInstance(ConnectionImpl.java:246) ~[mysql-connector-java-8.0.19.jar:8.0.19] 30 at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.NonRegisteringDriver.connect(NonRegisteringDriver.java:197) ~[mysql-connector-java-8.0.19.jar:8.0.19] 31 at com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidAbstractDataSource.createPhysicalConnection(DruidAbstractDataSource.java:1558) ~[druid-1.1.10.jar:1.1.10] 32 at com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidAbstractDataSource.createPhysicalConnection(DruidAbstractDataSource.java:1623) ~[druid-1.1.10.jar:1.1.10] 33 at com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource$CreateConnectionThread.run(DruidDataSource.java:2468) ~[druid-1.1.10.jar:1.1.10] 34 Caused by: com.mysql.cj.exceptions.InvalidConnectionAttributeException: The server time zone value '�й���ʱ��' is unrecognized or represents more than one time zone. You must configure either the server or JDBC driver (via the 'serverTimezone' configuration property) to use a more specifc time zone value if you want to utilize time zone support. 35 at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 36 at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 37 at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 38 at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 39 at com.mysql.cj.exceptions.ExceptionFactory.createException(ExceptionFactory.java:61) ~[mysql-connector-java-8.0.19.jar:8.0.19] 40 at com.mysql.cj.exceptions.ExceptionFactory.createException(ExceptionFactory.java:85) ~[mysql-connector-java-8.0.19.jar:8.0.19] 41 at com.mysql.cj.util.TimeUtil.getCanonicalTimezone(TimeUtil.java:132) ~[mysql-connector-java-8.0.19.jar:8.0.19] 42 at com.mysql.cj.protocol.a.NativeProtocol.configureTimezone(NativeProtocol.java:2118) ~[mysql-connector-java-8.0.19.jar:8.0.19] 43 at com.mysql.cj.protocol.a.NativeProtocol.initServerSession(NativeProtocol.java:2142) ~[mysql-connector-java-8.0.19.jar:8.0.19] 44 at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.initializePropsFromServer(ConnectionImpl.java:1310) ~[mysql-connector-java-8.0.19.jar:8.0.19] 45 at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.connectOneTryOnly(ConnectionImpl.java:967) ~[mysql-connector-java-8.0.19.jar:8.0.19] 46 at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.createNewIO(ConnectionImpl.java:826) ~[mysql-connector-java-8.0.19.jar:8.0.19] 47 ... 6 common frames omitted 48 49 2020-05-20 13:40:47.330 ERROR 14492 --- [reate-173197870] com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource : create connection SQLException, url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/biehl?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8, errorCode 0, state 01S00
2、Spring Data JPA提供的核心接口。
2.1）、Repository接口，提供了方法名稱命名查詢方式。
1 package com.bie.springboot.dao; 2 3 import com.bie.springboot.po.Users; 4 import org.springframework.data.repository.Repository; 5 6 import java.util.List; 7 8 /** 9 * Repository接口的方法名稱命名查詢。 10 */ 11 public interface UsersRepositoryByName extends Repository<Users, Integer> { 12 13 /** 14 * 方法命名必須以findBy開頭的，后面跟的是屬性的名稱，屬性的名稱必須大寫，遵循駝峰式寫法。 15 * findBy開頭的，后面跟的就是查詢條件。 16 * <p> 17 * 方法的名稱必須要遵循駝峰式命名規則，findBy(關鍵字)+屬性名稱(首字母要大寫)+查詢條件(首字母大寫)。 18 * 查詢條件默認是等於。 19 * <p> 20 * 只要遵循findBy規則，有很多可以進行查詢的條件。 21 * 22 * @param name 23 * @return 24 */ 25 public List<Users> findByName(String name); 26 27 /** 28 * @param name 29 * @return 30 */ 31 public List<Users> findByNameEquals(String name); 32 33 /** 34 * 根據姓名和年齡進行查詢 35 * 36 * @param name 37 * @param age 38 * @return 39 */ 40 public List<Users> findByNameAndAge(String name, Integer age); 41 42 /** 43 * 根據姓名模糊查詢 44 * 45 * @param name 46 * @return 47 */ 48 public List<Users> findByNameLike(String name); 49 }
測試代碼，如下所示：
1 package com.bie.springboot; 2 3 import com.bie.springboot.dao.UsersDao; 4 import com.bie.springboot.dao.UsersRepositoryByName; 5 import com.bie.springboot.po.Users; 6 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; 7 import org.junit.runner.RunWith; 8 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 9 import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; 10 import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; 11 12 import java.util.List; 13 14 @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) 15 @SpringBootTest(classes = SpringbootJpaApplication.class) 16 // 啟動器，將測試類和啟動器整合在一起 17 class SpringbootJpaApplicationTests { 18 19 @Autowired 20 private UsersRepositoryByName usersRepositoryByName; 21 22 23 @Test 24 public void testFindByName() { 25 List<Users> byName = this.usersRepositoryByName.findByName("張三"); 26 System.out.println("Name: " + byName); 27 } 28 29 30 @Test 31 public void testFindByNameEquals() { 32 List<Users> byName = this.usersRepositoryByName.findByNameEquals("張三"); 33 System.out.println("Name: " + byName); 34 } 35 36 37 @Test 38 public void testFindByNameAndAge() { 39 List<Users> byName = this.usersRepositoryByName.findByNameAndAge("張三", 20); 40 System.out.println("Name: " + byName); 41 } 42 43 @Test 44 public void testFindByNameLike() { 45 List<Users> byName = this.usersRepositoryByName.findByNameLike("張%"); 46 System.out.println("Name: " + byName); 47 } 48 49 }
Repository接口，提供了基於@Query注解的查詢與更新方式。
1 package com.bie.springboot.dao; 2 3 import com.bie.springboot.po.Users; 4 import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Modifying; 5 import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query; 6 import org.springframework.data.repository.Repository; 7 8 import javax.transaction.Transactional; 9 import java.util.List; 10 11 /** 12 * Repository接口，提供了基於@Query注解的查詢與更新方式。 13 */ 14 public interface UsersRepositoryQueryAnnotation extends Repository<Users, Integer> { 15 16 /** 17 * 默認支持的是HQL語句，不是標准的sql語句，底層需要進行轉換，轉換為標准的sql語句 18 * 19 * @param name 20 * @return 21 */ 22 @Query(value = "from Users where name = :name") 23 public List<Users> queryByNameUseHQL(String name); 24 25 /** 26 * 如果是SQL語句需要,nativeQuery = true表示的就是底層不需要進行sql語句的轉換 27 * 28 * @param name 29 * @return 30 */ 31 @Query(value = "select * from tb_users where name = ?", nativeQuery = true) 32 public List<Users> queryByNameUseSQL(String name); 33 34 /** 35 * 更新操作，注意update后面是實體類的名稱 36 * 37 * @param name 38 * @param id 39 */ 40 @Query(value = "update Users set name = :name where id = :id") 41 @Modifying // 該注解表示需要執行一個更新操作。注意此方法調用需要開通事務的 42 @Transactional // 開啟事務 43 public void updateUsersNameById(String name, Integer id); 44 }
測試代碼，如下所示：
1 package com.bie.springboot; 2 3 import com.bie.springboot.dao.UsersRepositoryQueryAnnotation; 4 import com.bie.springboot.po.Users; 5 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; 6 import org.junit.runner.RunWith; 7 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 8 import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; 9 import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; 10 11 import java.util.List; 12 13 @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) 14 @SpringBootTest(classes = SpringbootJpaApplication.class) 15 // 啟動器，將測試類和啟動器整合在一起 16 class SpringbootJpaApplicationTests { 17 18 @Autowired 19 private UsersRepositoryQueryAnnotation usersRepositoryQueryAnnotation; 20 21 @Test 22 public void testFindByNameUsrHQL() { 23 List<Users> byName = this.usersRepositoryQueryAnnotation.queryByNameUseHQL("張三"); 24 System.out.println("Name: " + byName); 25 } 26 27 @Test 28 public void testFindByNameUseSQL() { 29 List<Users> byName = this.usersRepositoryQueryAnnotation.queryByNameUseSQL("張三"); 30 System.out.println("Name: " + byName); 31 } 32 33 @Test 34 // @Transactional // 此方法調用需要添加事務,如果@Transactional注解和@Test注解配合使用，事務自動回滾 35 // @Rollback(value = false) // 取消自動回滾 36 public void testUpdateUsersNameById() { 37 this.usersRepositoryQueryAnnotation.updateUsersNameById("張颯颯2號", 1); 38 } 39 40 }
如果報如下所示的錯誤，需要將@Query(value = "from Users where name = ?")修改為@Query(value = "from Users where name = :name")。
1 . ____ _ __ _ _ 2 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \ 3 ( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \ 4 \\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) ) 5 ' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / / 6 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/ 7 :: Spring Boot :: (v2.2.6.RELEASE) 8 9 2020-05-20 15:40:24.270 INFO 3352 --- [ main] c.b.s.SpringbootJpaApplicationTests : Starting SpringbootJpaApplicationTests on DESKTOP-V37QSSE with PID 3352 (started by biehl in D:\program\idea\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.1.3\workspace_idea\springboot-jpa) 10 2020-05-20 15:40:24.273 INFO 3352 --- [ main] c.b.s.SpringbootJpaApplicationTests : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default 11 2020-05-20 15:40:25.690 INFO 3352 --- [ main] .s.d.r.c.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate : Bootstrapping Spring Data JPA repositories in DEFAULT mode. 12 2020-05-20 15:40:25.786 INFO 3352 --- [ main] .s.d.r.c.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate : Finished Spring Data repository scanning in 77ms. Found 3 JPA repository interfaces. 13 2020-05-20 15:40:26.477 INFO 3352 --- [ main] o.hibernate.jpa.internal.util.LogHelper : HHH000204: Processing PersistenceUnitInfo [name: default] 14 2020-05-20 15:40:26.569 INFO 3352 --- [ main] org.hibernate.Version : HHH000412: Hibernate ORM core version 5.4.12.Final 15 2020-05-20 15:40:26.776 INFO 3352 --- [ main] o.hibernate.annotations.common.Version : HCANN000001: Hibernate Commons Annotations {5.1.0.Final} 16 Loading class `com.mysql.jdbc.Driver'. This is deprecated. The new driver class is `com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver'. The driver is automatically registered via the SPI and manual loading of the driver class is generally unnecessary. 17 2020-05-20 15:40:27.736 INFO 3352 --- [ main] com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource : {dataSource-1} inited 18 2020-05-20 15:40:27.895 INFO 3352 --- [ main] org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect : HHH000400: Using dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL57Dialect 19 2020-05-20 15:40:28.764 INFO 3352 --- [ main] o.h.e.t.j.p.i.JtaPlatformInitiator : HHH000490: Using JtaPlatform implementation: [org.hibernate.engine.transaction.jta.platform.internal.NoJtaPlatform] 20 2020-05-20 15:40:28.771 INFO 3352 --- [ main] j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Initialized JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default' 21 2020-05-20 15:40:29.064 WARN 3352 --- [ main] JpaBaseConfiguration$JpaWebConfiguration : spring.jpa.open-in-view is enabled by default. Therefore, database queries may be performed during view rendering. Explicitly configure spring.jpa.open-in-view to disable this warning 22 2020-05-20 15:40:29.492 WARN 3352 --- [ main] o.s.w.c.s.GenericWebApplicationContext : Exception encountered during context initialization - cancelling refresh attempt: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'requestMappingHandlerAdapter' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/servlet/WebMvcAutoConfiguration$EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class]: Unsatisfied dependency expressed through method 'requestMappingHandlerAdapter' parameter 1; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'mvcConversionService' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/servlet/WebMvcAutoConfiguration$EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class]: Bean instantiation via factory method failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.format.support.FormattingConversionService]: Factory method 'mvcConversionService' threw exception; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'usersRepositoryQueryAnnotation': Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: JDBC style parameters (?) are not supported for JPA queries. 23 Related cause: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'requestMappingHandlerAdapter' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/servlet/WebMvcAutoConfiguration$EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class]: Unsatisfied dependency expressed through method 'requestMappingHandlerAdapter' parameter 1; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'mvcConversionService' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/servlet/WebMvcAutoConfiguration$EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class]: Bean instantiation via factory method failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.format.support.FormattingConversionService]: Factory method 'mvcConversionService' threw exception; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'usersRepositoryQueryAnnotation': Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: JDBC style parameters (?) are not supported for JPA queries. 24 2020-05-20 15:40:29.492 INFO 3352 --- [ main] j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Closing JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default' 25 2020-05-20 15:40:29.506 INFO 3352 --- [ main] com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource : {dataSource-1} closed 26 2020-05-20 15:40:29.514 INFO 3352 --- [ main] ConditionEvaluationReportLoggingListener : 27 28 Error starting ApplicationContext. To display the conditions report re-run your application with 'debug' enabled. 29 2020-05-20 15:40:29.520 ERROR 3352 --- [ main] o.s.boot.SpringApplication : Application run failed 30 31 org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'requestMappingHandlerAdapter' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/servlet/WebMvcAutoConfiguration$EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class]: Unsatisfied dependency expressed through method 'requestMappingHandlerAdapter' parameter 1; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'mvcConversionService' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/servlet/WebMvcAutoConfiguration$EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class]: Bean instantiation via factory method failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.format.support.FormattingConversionService]: Factory method 'mvcConversionService' threw exception; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'usersRepositoryQueryAnnotation': Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: JDBC style parameters (?) are not supported for JPA queries. 32 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.createArgumentArray(ConstructorResolver.java:798) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 33 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(ConstructorResolver.java:539) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 34 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1338) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 35 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1177) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 36 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:557) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 37 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:517) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 38 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:323) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 39 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 40 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:321) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 41 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:202) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 42 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:882) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 43 at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:878) ~[spring-context-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 44 at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:550) ~[spring-context-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 45 at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:747) ~[spring-boot-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 46 at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:397) ~[spring-boot-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 47 at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:315) ~[spring-boot-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 48 at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader.loadContext(SpringBootContextLoader.java:126) [spring-boot-test-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 49 at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:99) [spring-test-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 50 at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:124) [spring-test-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 51 at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:123) [spring-test-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 52 at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.setUpRequestContextIfNecessary(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:190) [spring-test-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 53 at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:132) [spring-test-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 54 at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:244) [spring-test-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 55 at org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension.postProcessTestInstance(SpringExtension.java:98) [spring-test-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 56 at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeTestInstancePostProcessors$5(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:337) [junit-jupiter-engine-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2] 57 at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.executeAndMaskThrowable(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:342) [junit-jupiter-engine-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2] 58 at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeTestInstancePostProcessors$6(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:337) [junit-jupiter-engine-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2] 59 at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:193) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 60 at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$2$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:175) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 61 at java.util.ArrayList$ArrayListSpliterator.forEachRemaining(ArrayList.java:1382) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 62 at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:481) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 63 at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:471) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 64 at java.util.stream.StreamSpliterators$WrappingSpliterator.forEachRemaining(StreamSpliterators.java:312) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 65 at java.util.stream.Streams$ConcatSpliterator.forEachRemaining(Streams.java:743) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 66 at java.util.stream.Streams$ConcatSpliterator.forEachRemaining(Streams.java:742) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 67 at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$Head.forEach(ReferencePipeline.java:580) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 68 at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.invokeTestInstancePostProcessors(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:336) [junit-jupiter-engine-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2] 69 at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.instantiateAndPostProcessTestInstance(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:259) [junit-jupiter-engine-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2] 70 at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$testInstancesProvider$2(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:252) [junit-jupiter-engine-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2] 71 at java.util.Optional.orElseGet(Optional.java:267) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 72 at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$testInstancesProvider$3(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:251) [junit-jupiter-engine-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2] 73 at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.TestInstancesProvider.getTestInstances(TestInstancesProvider.java:29) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2] 74 at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.lambda$prepare$0(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:106) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2] 75 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 76 at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.prepare(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:105) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2] 77 at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.prepare(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:69) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2] 78 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$prepare$1(NodeTestTask.java:107) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 79 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 80 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.prepare(NodeTestTask.java:107) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 81 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:75) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 82 at java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1257) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 83 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:38) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 84 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$5(NodeTestTask.java:139) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 85 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 86 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$7(NodeTestTask.java:125) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 87 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:135) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 88 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:123) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 89 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 90 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:122) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 91 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:80) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 92 at java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1257) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 93 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:38) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 94 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$5(NodeTestTask.java:139) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 95 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 96 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$7(NodeTestTask.java:125) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 97 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:135) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 98 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:123) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 99 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 100 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:122) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 101 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:80) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 102 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.submit(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:32) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 103 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestExecutor.execute(HierarchicalTestExecutor.java:57) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 104 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestEngine.execute(HierarchicalTestEngine.java:51) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 105 at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:229) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 106 at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.lambda$execute$6(DefaultLauncher.java:197) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 107 at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.withInterceptedStreams(DefaultLauncher.java:211) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 108 at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:191) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 109 at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:128) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 110 at com.intellij.junit5.JUnit5IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit5IdeaTestRunner.java:69) ~[junit5-rt.jar:na] 111 at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47) ~[junit-rt.jar:na] 112 at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242) ~[junit-rt.jar:na] 113 at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70) ~[junit-rt.jar:na] 114 Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'mvcConversionService' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/servlet/WebMvcAutoConfiguration$EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class]: Bean instantiation via factory method failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.format.support.FormattingConversionService]: Factory method 'mvcConversionService' threw exception; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'usersRepositoryQueryAnnotation': Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: JDBC style parameters (?) are not supported for JPA queries. 115 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiate(ConstructorResolver.java:656) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 116 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(ConstructorResolver.java:636) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 117 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1338) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 118 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1177) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 119 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:557) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 120 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:517) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 121 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:323) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 122 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 123 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:321) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 124 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:202) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 125 at org.springframework.beans.factory.config.DependencyDescriptor.resolveCandidate(DependencyDescriptor.java:276) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 126 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1290) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 127 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1210) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 128 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.resolveAutowiredArgument(ConstructorResolver.java:885) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 129 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.createArgumentArray(ConstructorResolver.java:789) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 130 ... 81 common frames omitted 131 Caused by: org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.format.support.FormattingConversionService]: Factory method 'mvcConversionService' threw exception; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'usersRepositoryQueryAnnotation': Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: JDBC style parameters (?) are not supported for JPA queries. 132 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:185) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 133 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiate(ConstructorResolver.java:651) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 134 ... 95 common frames omitted 135 Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'usersRepositoryQueryAnnotation': Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: JDBC style parameters (?) are not supported for JPA queries. 136 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1796) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 137 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:595) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 138 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:517) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 139 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:323) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 140 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 141 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:321) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 142 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:207) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 143 at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.getBean(AbstractApplicationContext.java:1114) ~[spring-context-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 144 at org.springframework.data.repository.support.Repositories.cacheRepositoryFactory(Repositories.java:99) ~[spring-data-commons-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 145 at org.springframework.data.repository.support.Repositories.populateRepositoryFactoryInformation(Repositories.java:92) ~[spring-data-commons-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 146 at org.springframework.data.repository.support.Repositories.<init>(Repositories.java:85) ~[spring-data-commons-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 147 at org.springframework.data.repository.support.DomainClassConverter.setApplicationContext(DomainClassConverter.java:109) ~[spring-data-commons-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 148 at org.springframework.data.web.config.SpringDataWebConfiguration.addFormatters(SpringDataWebConfiguration.java:131) ~[spring-data-commons-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 149 at org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerComposite.addFormatters(WebMvcConfigurerComposite.java:81) ~[spring-webmvc-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 150 at org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.addFormatters(DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.java:78) ~[spring-webmvc-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 151 at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcAutoConfiguration$EnableWebMvcConfiguration.mvcConversionService(WebMvcAutoConfiguration.java:430) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 152 at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 153 at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 154 at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 155 at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 156 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:154) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 157 ... 96 common frames omitted 158 Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: JDBC style parameters (?) are not supported for JPA queries. 159 at org.springframework.util.Assert.isTrue(Assert.java:118) ~[spring-core-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 160 at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.query.AbstractStringBasedJpaQuery.<init>(AbstractStringBasedJpaQuery.java:72) ~[spring-data-jpa-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 161 at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.query.SimpleJpaQuery.<init>(SimpleJpaQuery.java:61) ~[spring-data-jpa-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 162 at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.query.JpaQueryFactory.fromMethodWithQueryString(JpaQueryFactory.java:76) ~[spring-data-jpa-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 163 at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.query.JpaQueryFactory.fromQueryAnnotation(JpaQueryFactory.java:56) ~[spring-data-jpa-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 164 at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.query.JpaQueryLookupStrategy$DeclaredQueryLookupStrategy.resolveQuery(JpaQueryLookupStrategy.java:140) ~[spring-data-jpa-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 165 at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.query.JpaQueryLookupStrategy$CreateIfNotFoundQueryLookupStrategy.resolveQuery(JpaQueryLookupStrategy.java:207) ~[spring-data-jpa-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 166 at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.query.JpaQueryLookupStrategy$AbstractQueryLookupStrategy.resolveQuery(JpaQueryLookupStrategy.java:78) ~[spring-data-jpa-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 167 at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactorySupport$QueryExecutorMethodInterceptor.lookupQuery(RepositoryFactorySupport.java:574) ~[spring-data-commons-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 168 at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactorySupport$QueryExecutorMethodInterceptor.lambda$mapMethodsToQuery$1(RepositoryFactorySupport.java:567) ~[spring-data-commons-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 169 at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:193) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 170 at java.util.Iterator.forEachRemaining(Iterator.java:116) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 171 at java.util.Collections$UnmodifiableCollection$1.forEachRemaining(Collections.java:1049) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 172 at java.util.Spliterators$IteratorSpliterator.forEachRemaining(Spliterators.java:1801) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 173 at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:481) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 174 at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:471) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 175 at java.util.stream.ReduceOps$ReduceOp.evaluateSequential(ReduceOps.java:708) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 176 at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluate(AbstractPipeline.java:234) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 177 at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.collect(ReferencePipeline.java:499) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 178 at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactorySupport$QueryExecutorMethodInterceptor.mapMethodsToQuery(RepositoryFactorySupport.java:569) ~[spring-data-commons-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 179 at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactorySupport$QueryExecutorMethodInterceptor.lambda$new$0(RepositoryFactorySupport.java:559) ~[spring-data-commons-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 180 at java.util.Optional.map(Optional.java:215) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 181 at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactorySupport$QueryExecutorMethodInterceptor.<init>(RepositoryFactorySupport.java:559) ~[spring-data-commons-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 182 at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactorySupport.getRepository(RepositoryFactorySupport.java:332) ~[spring-data-commons-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 183 at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactoryBeanSupport.lambda$afterPropertiesSet$5(RepositoryFactoryBeanSupport.java:297) ~[spring-data-commons-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 184 at org.springframework.data.util.Lazy.getNullable(Lazy.java:212) ~[spring-data-commons-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 185 at org.springframework.data.util.Lazy.get(Lazy.java:94) ~[spring-data-commons-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 186 at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactoryBeanSupport.afterPropertiesSet(RepositoryFactoryBeanSupport.java:300) ~[spring-data-commons-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 187 at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support.JpaRepositoryFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(JpaRepositoryFactoryBean.java:121) ~[spring-data-jpa-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 188 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1855) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 189 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1792) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 190 ... 116 common frames omitted 191 192 2020-05-20 15:40:29.524 ERROR 3352 --- [ main] o.s.test.context.TestContextManager : Caught exception while allowing TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener@1de76cc7] to prepare test instance [com.bie.springboot.SpringbootJpaApplicationTests@4607d78b] 193 194 java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext 195 at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:132) ~[spring-test-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 196 at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:123) ~[spring-test-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 197 at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.setUpRequestContextIfNecessary(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:190) ~[spring-test-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 198 at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:132) ~[spring-test-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 199 at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:244) ~[spring-test-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 200 at org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension.postProcessTestInstance(SpringExtension.java:98) [spring-test-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 201 at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeTestInstancePostProcessors$5(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:337) [junit-jupiter-engine-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2] 202 at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.executeAndMaskThrowable(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:342) [junit-jupiter-engine-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2] 203 at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeTestInstancePostProcessors$6(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:337) [junit-jupiter-engine-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2] 204 at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:193) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 205 at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$2$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:175) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 206 at java.util.ArrayList$ArrayListSpliterator.forEachRemaining(ArrayList.java:1382) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 207 at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:481) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 208 at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:471) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 209 at java.util.stream.StreamSpliterators$WrappingSpliterator.forEachRemaining(StreamSpliterators.java:312) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 210 at java.util.stream.Streams$ConcatSpliterator.forEachRemaining(Streams.java:743) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 211 at java.util.stream.Streams$ConcatSpliterator.forEachRemaining(Streams.java:742) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 212 at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$Head.forEach(ReferencePipeline.java:580) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 213 at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.invokeTestInstancePostProcessors(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:336) [junit-jupiter-engine-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2] 214 at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.instantiateAndPostProcessTestInstance(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:259) [junit-jupiter-engine-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2] 215 at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$testInstancesProvider$2(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:252) [junit-jupiter-engine-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2] 216 at java.util.Optional.orElseGet(Optional.java:267) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 217 at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$testInstancesProvider$3(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:251) [junit-jupiter-engine-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2] 218 at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.TestInstancesProvider.getTestInstances(TestInstancesProvider.java:29) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2] 219 at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.lambda$prepare$0(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:106) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2] 220 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 221 at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.prepare(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:105) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2] 222 at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.prepare(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:69) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2] 223 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$prepare$1(NodeTestTask.java:107) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 224 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 225 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.prepare(NodeTestTask.java:107) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 226 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:75) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 227 at java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1257) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 228 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:38) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 229 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$5(NodeTestTask.java:139) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 230 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 231 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$7(NodeTestTask.java:125) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 232 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:135) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 233 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:123) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 234 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 235 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:122) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 236 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:80) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 237 at java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1257) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 238 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:38) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 239 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$5(NodeTestTask.java:139) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 240 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 241 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$7(NodeTestTask.java:125) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 242 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:135) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 243 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:123) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 244 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 245 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:122) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 246 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:80) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 247 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.submit(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:32) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 248 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestExecutor.execute(HierarchicalTestExecutor.java:57) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 249 at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestEngine.execute(HierarchicalTestEngine.java:51) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 250 at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:229) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 251 at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.lambda$execute$6(DefaultLauncher.java:197) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 252 at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.withInterceptedStreams(DefaultLauncher.java:211) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 253 at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:191) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 254 at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:128) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.5.2.jar:1.5.2] 255 at com.intellij.junit5.JUnit5IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit5IdeaTestRunner.java:69) ~[junit5-rt.jar:na] 256 at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47) ~[junit-rt.jar:na] 257 at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242) ~[junit-rt.jar:na] 258 at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70) ~[junit-rt.jar:na] 259 Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'requestMappingHandlerAdapter' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/servlet/WebMvcAutoConfiguration$EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class]: Unsatisfied dependency expressed through method 'requestMappingHandlerAdapter' parameter 1; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'mvcConversionService' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/servlet/WebMvcAutoConfiguration$EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class]: Bean instantiation via factory method failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.format.support.FormattingConversionService]: Factory method 'mvcConversionService' threw exception; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'usersRepositoryQueryAnnotation': Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: JDBC style parameters (?) are not supported for JPA queries. 260 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.createArgumentArray(ConstructorResolver.java:798) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 261 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(ConstructorResolver.java:539) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 262 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1338) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 263 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1177) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 264 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:557) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 265 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:517) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 266 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:323) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 267 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 268 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:321) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 269 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:202) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 270 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:882) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 271 at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:878) ~[spring-context-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 272 at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:550) ~[spring-context-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 273 at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:747) ~[spring-boot-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 274 at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:397) ~[spring-boot-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 275 at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:315) ~[spring-boot-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 276 at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader.loadContext(SpringBootContextLoader.java:126) ~[spring-boot-test-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 277 at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:99) ~[spring-test-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 278 at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:124) ~[spring-test-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 279 ... 63 common frames omitted 280 Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'mvcConversionService' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/servlet/WebMvcAutoConfiguration$EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class]: Bean instantiation via factory method failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.format.support.FormattingConversionService]: Factory method 'mvcConversionService' threw exception; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'usersRepositoryQueryAnnotation': Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: JDBC style parameters (?) are not supported for JPA queries. 281 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiate(ConstructorResolver.java:656) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 282 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(ConstructorResolver.java:636) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 283 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1338) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 284 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1177) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 285 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:557) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 286 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:517) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 287 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:323) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 288 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 289 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:321) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 290 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:202) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 291 at org.springframework.beans.factory.config.DependencyDescriptor.resolveCandidate(DependencyDescriptor.java:276) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 292 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1290) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 293 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1210) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 294 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.resolveAutowiredArgument(ConstructorResolver.java:885) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 295 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.createArgumentArray(ConstructorResolver.java:789) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 296 ... 81 common frames omitted 297 Caused by: org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.format.support.FormattingConversionService]: Factory method 'mvcConversionService' threw exception; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'usersRepositoryQueryAnnotation': Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: JDBC style parameters (?) are not supported for JPA queries. 298 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:185) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 299 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiate(ConstructorResolver.java:651) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 300 ... 95 common frames omitted 301 Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'usersRepositoryQueryAnnotation': Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: JDBC style parameters (?) are not supported for JPA queries. 302 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1796) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 303 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:595) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 304 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:517) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 305 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:323) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 306 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 307 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:321) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 308 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:207) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 309 at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.getBean(AbstractApplicationContext.java:1114) ~[spring-context-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 310 at org.springframework.data.repository.support.Repositories.cacheRepositoryFactory(Repositories.java:99) ~[spring-data-commons-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 311 at org.springframework.data.repository.support.Repositories.populateRepositoryFactoryInformation(Repositories.java:92) ~[spring-data-commons-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 312 at org.springframework.data.repository.support.Repositories.<init>(Repositories.java:85) ~[spring-data-commons-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 313 at org.springframework.data.repository.support.DomainClassConverter.setApplicationContext(DomainClassConverter.java:109) ~[spring-data-commons-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 314 at org.springframework.data.web.config.SpringDataWebConfiguration.addFormatters(SpringDataWebConfiguration.java:131) ~[spring-data-commons-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 315 at org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerComposite.addFormatters(WebMvcConfigurerComposite.java:81) ~[spring-webmvc-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 316 at org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.addFormatters(DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.java:78) ~[spring-webmvc-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 317 at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcAutoConfiguration$EnableWebMvcConfiguration.mvcConversionService(WebMvcAutoConfiguration.java:430) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 318 at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 319 at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 320 at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 321 at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 322 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:154) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 323 ... 96 common frames omitted 324 Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: JDBC style parameters (?) are not supported for JPA queries. 325 at org.springframework.util.Assert.isTrue(Assert.java:118) ~[spring-core-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 326 at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.query.AbstractStringBasedJpaQuery.<init>(AbstractStringBasedJpaQuery.java:72) ~[spring-data-jpa-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 327 at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.query.SimpleJpaQuery.<init>(SimpleJpaQuery.java:61) ~[spring-data-jpa-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 328 at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.query.JpaQueryFactory.fromMethodWithQueryString(JpaQueryFactory.java:76) ~[spring-data-jpa-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 329 at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.query.JpaQueryFactory.fromQueryAnnotation(JpaQueryFactory.java:56) ~[spring-data-jpa-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 330 at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.query.JpaQueryLookupStrategy$DeclaredQueryLookupStrategy.resolveQuery(JpaQueryLookupStrategy.java:140) ~[spring-data-jpa-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 331 at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.query.JpaQueryLookupStrategy$CreateIfNotFoundQueryLookupStrategy.resolveQuery(JpaQueryLookupStrategy.java:207) ~[spring-data-jpa-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 332 at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.query.JpaQueryLookupStrategy$AbstractQueryLookupStrategy.resolveQuery(JpaQueryLookupStrategy.java:78) ~[spring-data-jpa-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 333 at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactorySupport$QueryExecutorMethodInterceptor.lookupQuery(RepositoryFactorySupport.java:574) ~[spring-data-commons-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 334 at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactorySupport$QueryExecutorMethodInterceptor.lambda$mapMethodsToQuery$1(RepositoryFactorySupport.java:567) ~[spring-data-commons-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 335 at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:193) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 336 at java.util.Iterator.forEachRemaining(Iterator.java:116) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 337 at java.util.Collections$UnmodifiableCollection$1.forEachRemaining(Collections.java:1049) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 338 at java.util.Spliterators$IteratorSpliterator.forEachRemaining(Spliterators.java:1801) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 339 at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:481) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 340 at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:471) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 341 at java.util.stream.ReduceOps$ReduceOp.evaluateSequential(ReduceOps.java:708) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 342 at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluate(AbstractPipeline.java:234) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 343 at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.collect(ReferencePipeline.java:499) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 344 at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactorySupport$QueryExecutorMethodInterceptor.mapMethodsToQuery(RepositoryFactorySupport.java:569) ~[spring-data-commons-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 345 at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactorySupport$QueryExecutorMethodInterceptor.lambda$new$0(RepositoryFactorySupport.java:559) ~[spring-data-commons-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 346 at java.util.Optional.map(Optional.java:215) ~[na:1.8.0_191] 347 at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactorySupport$QueryExecutorMethodInterceptor.<init>(RepositoryFactorySupport.java:559) ~[spring-data-commons-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 348 at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactorySupport.getRepository(RepositoryFactorySupport.java:332) ~[spring-data-commons-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 349 at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactoryBeanSupport.lambda$afterPropertiesSet$5(RepositoryFactoryBeanSupport.java:297) ~[spring-data-commons-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 350 at org.springframework.data.util.Lazy.getNullable(Lazy.java:212) ~[spring-data-commons-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 351 at org.springframework.data.util.Lazy.get(Lazy.java:94) ~[spring-data-commons-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 352 at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactoryBeanSupport.afterPropertiesSet(RepositoryFactoryBeanSupport.java:300) ~[spring-data-commons-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 353 at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support.JpaRepositoryFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(JpaRepositoryFactoryBean.java:121) ~[spring-data-jpa-2.2.6.RELEASE.jar:2.2.6.RELEASE] 354 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1855) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 355 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1792) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE] 356 ... 116 common frames omitted 357 358 359 Process finished with exit code -1
2.2）、CrudRepository<T, ID>接口。CrudRepository接口，主要是完成一些增刪改查的操作，注意，CrudRepository接口繼承了Repository接口，所以CrudRepository接口可以使用Repository接口的功能。
1 package com.bie.springboot.dao; 2 3 import com.bie.springboot.po.Users; 4 import org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository; 5 6 /** 7 * CrudRepository接口，主要是完成一些增刪改查的操作，注意，CrudRepository接口繼承了Repository接口， 8 * 所以CrudRepository接口可以使用Repository接口的功能。 9 */ 10 public interface UsersRepositoryCrudRepository extends CrudRepository<Users, Integer> { 11 12 13 }
測試代碼，如下所示：
1 package com.bie.springboot; 2 3 import com.bie.springboot.dao.UsersRepositoryCrudRepository; 4 import com.bie.springboot.po.Users; 5 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; 6 import org.junit.runner.RunWith; 7 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 8 import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; 9 import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; 10 11 import java.util.Iterator; 12 import java.util.Optional; 13 14 @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) 15 @SpringBootTest(classes = SpringbootJpaApplication.class) 16 // 啟動器，將測試類和啟動器整合在一起 17 class SpringbootJpaApplicationTests { 18 19 @Autowired 20 private UsersRepositoryCrudRepository usersRepositoryCrudRepository; 21 22 /** 23 * 插入測試 24 */ 25 @Test 26 public void testSave() { 27 // 默認開啟了事務 28 Users users = new Users("亞瑟", 25, "上單"); 29 Users save = this.usersRepositoryCrudRepository.save(users); 30 System.out.println("Users: " + save); 31 } 32 33 /** 34 * 更新測試 35 */ 36 @Test 37 public void testUpdate() { 38 // 默認開啟了事務 39 Users users = new Users("亞瑟瑟", 26, "我上單"); 40 users.setId(3); 41 // save方法，如果存在就更新，如果不存在就插入 42 Users save = this.usersRepositoryCrudRepository.save(users); 43 System.out.println("Users: " + save); 44 } 45 46 /** 47 * 查詢單個測試 48 */ 49 @Test 50 public void testSelect() { 51 Optional<Users> usersOptional = this.usersRepositoryCrudRepository.findById(3); 52 Users users = usersOptional.orElse(null); 53 System.out.println("Users: " + users); 54 } 55 56 /** 57 * 查詢全部測試 58 */ 59 @Test 60 public void testSelectAll() { 61 Iterable<Users> usersIterable = this.usersRepositoryCrudRepository.findAll(); 62 Iterator<Users> iterator = usersIterable.iterator(); 63 while (iterator.hasNext()) { 64 Users user = iterator.next(); 65 System.out.println("Users: " + user); 66 } 67 } 68 69 /** 70 * 刪除測試 71 */ 72 @Test 73 public void testDelete() { 74 // 默認開啟了事務 75 this.usersRepositoryCrudRepository.deleteById(4); 76 } 77 78 }
2.3）、PagingAndSortingRepository<T, ID>接口。該接口提供了分頁和排序的操作，該接口繼承了CrudRepository，則該接口可以復用CrudRepository接口的功能。
1 package com.bie.springboot.dao; 2 3 import com.bie.springboot.po.Users; 4 import org.springframework.data.repository.PagingAndSortingRepository; 5 6 /** 7 * PagingAndSortingRepository該接口提供了分頁和排序的操作。 8 */ 9 public interface UsersRepositoryPagingAndSortingRepository extends PagingAndSortingRepository<Users, Integer> { 10 11 }
測試代碼，如下所示：
1 package com.bie.springboot; 2 3 import com.bie.springboot.dao.UsersRepositoryPagingAndSortingRepository; 4 import com.bie.springboot.po.Users; 5 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; 6 import org.junit.runner.RunWith; 7 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 8 import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; 9 import org.springframework.data.domain.Page; 10 import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest; 11 import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable; 12 import org.springframework.data.domain.Sort; 13 import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; 14 15 import java.util.Iterator; 16 17 @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) 18 @SpringBootTest(classes = SpringbootJpaApplication.class) 19 // 啟動器，將測試類和啟動器整合在一起 20 class SpringbootJpaApplicationTests { 21 22 @Autowired 23 private UsersRepositoryPagingAndSortingRepository usersRepositoryPagingAndSortingRepository; 24 25 @Test 26 public void testPagingAndSortingRepositorySort() { 27 // Order定義了排序規則。參數一是根據倒敘還是正序，參數二是根據那個字段進行排序。 28 Sort.Order order = new Sort.Order(Sort.Direction.DESC, "id"); 29 // Sort對象封裝了排序的規則。 30 Sort sort = Sort.by(order); 31 Iterable<Users> iterable = this.usersRepositoryPagingAndSortingRepository.findAll(sort); 32 Iterator<Users> iterator = iterable.iterator(); 33 while (iterator.hasNext()) { 34 Users users = iterator.next(); 35 System.out.println(users); 36 } 37 } 38 39 @Test 40 public void testPagingAndSortingRepositoryPaging() { 41 // Order定義了排序規則。參數一是根據倒敘還是正序，參數二是根據那個字段進行排序。 42 Sort.Order order = new Sort.Order(Sort.Direction.DESC, "id"); 43 // Sort對象封裝了排序的規則。 44 Sort sort = Sort.by(order); 45 46 // Pageable封裝了分頁的參數，當前頁、每頁顯示的條數。 47 // 注意，Pageable當前頁的是從0開始的。 48 // PageRequest類繼承了Pageable接口。 49 int page = 0;// 當前頁 50 int size = 2;// 每頁顯示的條數 51 Pageable pageable = PageRequest.of(page, size, sort); 52 Page<Users> usersPage = this.usersRepositoryPagingAndSortingRepository.findAll(pageable); 53 Iterator<Users> iterator = usersPage.iterator(); 54 while (iterator.hasNext()) { 55 Users users = iterator.next(); 56 System.out.println(users); 57 } 58 System.out.println("總條數：" + usersPage.getTotalElements()); 59 System.out.println("總頁數：" + usersPage.getTotalPages()); 60 } 61 62 63 }
2.4）、JpaRepository<T, ID>接口。JpaRepository該接口繼承了PagingAndSortingRepository接口，JpaRepository該接口是開發過程中經常使用的接口，主要的特點提供了對繼承父接口中的方法的返回值進行了適配。
1 package com.bie.springboot.dao; 2 3 import com.bie.springboot.po.Users; 4 import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository; 5 6 public interface UsersRepository extends JpaRepository<Users, Integer> { 7 }
測試代碼，如下所示：
1 package com.bie.springboot; 2 3 import com.bie.springboot.dao.UsersRepository; 4 import com.bie.springboot.po.Users; 5 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; 6 import org.junit.runner.RunWith; 7 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 8 import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; 9 import org.springframework.data.domain.Page; 10 import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest; 11 import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable; 12 import org.springframework.data.domain.Sort; 13 import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; 14 15 import java.util.Iterator; 16 import java.util.List; 17 18 @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) 19 @SpringBootTest(classes = SpringbootJpaApplication.class) 20 // 啟動器，將測試類和啟動器整合在一起 21 class SpringbootJpaApplicationTests { 22 23 @Autowired 24 private UsersRepository usersRepository; 25 26 @Test 27 public void testJpaRepositorySort() { 28 // Order定義了排序規則。參數一是根據倒敘還是正序，參數二是根據那個字段進行排序。 29 Sort.Order order = new Sort.Order(Sort.Direction.DESC, "id"); 30 // Sort對象封裝了排序的規則。 31 Sort sort = Sort.by(order); 32 List<Users> usersList = this.usersRepository.findAll(sort); 33 // 不用做強制類型轉換了，相對於JpaRepository的父接口。 34 Iterator<Users> iterator = usersList.iterator(); 35 while (iterator.hasNext()) { 36 Users users = iterator.next(); 37 System.out.println(users); 38 } 39 } 40 41 @Test 42 public void testJpaRepositorySortPaging() { 43 // Order定義了排序規則。參數一是根據倒敘還是正序，參數二是根據那個字段進行排序。 44 Sort.Order order = new Sort.Order(Sort.Direction.DESC, "id"); 45 // Sort對象封裝了排序的規則。 46 Sort sort = Sort.by(order); 47 48 // Pageable封裝了分頁的參數，當前頁、每頁顯示的條數。 49 // 注意，Pageable當前頁的是從0開始的。 50 // PageRequest類繼承了Pageable接口。 51 int page = 0;// 當前頁 52 int size = 2;// 每頁顯示的條數 53 Pageable pageable = PageRequest.of(page, size, sort); 54 Page<Users> usersPage = this.usersRepository.findAll(pageable); 55 Iterator<Users> iterator = usersPage.iterator(); 56 while (iterator.hasNext()) { 57 Users users = iterator.next(); 58 System.out.println(users); 59 } 60 System.out.println("總條數：" + usersPage.getTotalElements()); 61 System.out.println("總頁數：" + usersPage.getTotalPages()); 62 } 63 64 65 }
2.5）、JpaSpecificationExecutor接口。JpaSpecificationExecutor接口，該接口主要提供了多條件查詢的支持，並且可以在查詢中添加分頁和排序。
注意：JpaSpecificationExecutor該接口是單獨存在的，不是從上面的接口中做的繼承。需要配合上面的四個接口之一進行使用，不然報錯。
1 package com.bie.springboot.dao; 2 3 import com.bie.springboot.po.Users; 4 import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository; 5 import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor; 6 7 /** 8 * 注意：JpaSpecificationExecutor該接口是單獨存在的，不是從上面的接口中做的繼承。 9 * <p> 10 * <p> 11 * JpaSpecificationExecutor接口，該接口主要提供了多條件查詢的支持，並且可以在查詢中添加分頁和排序。 12 */ 13 public interface UsersJpaSpecificationExecutor extends JpaRepository<Users, Integer>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Users> { 14 }
測試代碼，如下所示：
1 package com.bie.springboot; 2 3 import com.bie.springboot.dao.UsersJpaSpecificationExecutor; 4 import com.bie.springboot.dao.UsersRepository; 5 import com.bie.springboot.po.Users; 6 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; 7 import org.junit.runner.RunWith; 8 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 9 import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; 10 import org.springframework.data.domain.Sort; 11 import org.springframework.data.jpa.domain.Specification; 12 import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; 13 14 import javax.persistence.criteria.*; 15 import java.util.ArrayList; 16 import java.util.Iterator; 17 import java.util.List; 18 19 @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) 20 @SpringBootTest(classes = SpringbootJpaApplication.class) 21 // 啟動器，將測試類和啟動器整合在一起 22 class SpringbootJpaApplicationTests { 23 24 @Autowired 25 private UsersRepository usersRepository; 26 27 @Autowired 28 private UsersJpaSpecificationExecutor usersJpaSpecificationExecutor; 29 30 /** 31 * 單條件查詢。 32 */ 33 @Test 34 public void testJpaSpecificationExecutorOne() { 35 // Order定義了排序規則。參數一是根據倒敘還是正序，參數二是根據那個字段進行排序。 36 Sort.Order order = new Sort.Order(Sort.Direction.DESC, "id"); 37 // Sort對象封裝了排序的規則。 38 Sort sort = Sort.by(order); 39 40 // Specification接口封裝了查詢信息的接口。 41 // Specification<Users>用戶封裝查詢條件的。 42 Specification<Users> specification = new Specification<Users>() { 43 44 /** 45 * Predicate封裝了單個的查詢條件。 46 * @param root 對查詢對象的屬性的封裝。 47 * @param criteriaQuery 封裝了我們要執行的各個部分的信息，比如select、from、order by等等信息。 48 * @param criteriaBuilder 理解為查詢條件的構造器。幫助我們定義不同的查詢條件的。 49 * @return 50 */ 51 @Override 52 public Predicate toPredicate(Root<Users> root, CriteriaQuery<?> criteriaQuery, CriteriaBuilder criteriaBuilder) { 53 // Root對象封裝了所有對象的屬性 54 Path<Object> name = root.get("name"); 55 String selectName = "亞瑟"; 56 57 // 參數一表示當前要查詢的屬性。 58 // 參數二表示查詢條件的值。 59 Predicate predicate = criteriaBuilder.equal(name, selectName); 60 return predicate; 61 } 62 }; 63 64 List<Users> usersList = this.usersJpaSpecificationExecutor.findAll(specification, sort); 65 // 不用做強制類型轉換了，相對於JpaRepository的父接口。 66 Iterator<Users> iterator = usersList.iterator(); 67 while (iterator.hasNext()) { 68 Users users = iterator.next(); 69 System.out.println(users); 70 } 71 } 72 73 74 /** 75 * 單條件查詢。 76 */ 77 @Test 78 public void testJpaSpecificationExecutorMore() { 79 // Order定義了排序規則。參數一是根據倒敘還是正序，參數二是根據那個字段進行排序。 80 Sort.Order order = new Sort.Order(Sort.Direction.DESC, "id"); 81 // Sort對象封裝了排序的規則。 82 Sort sort = Sort.by(order); 83 84 // Specification接口封裝了查詢信息的接口。 85 // Specification<Users>用戶封裝查詢條件的。 86 Specification<Users> specification = new Specification<Users>() { 87 88 /** 89 * Predicate封裝了單個的查詢條件。 90 * @param root 對查詢對象的屬性的封裝。 91 * @param criteriaQuery 封裝了我們要執行的各個部分的信息，比如select、from、order by等等信息。 92 * @param criteriaBuilder 理解為查詢條件的構造器。幫助我們定義不同的查詢條件的。 93 * @return 94 */ 95 @Override 96 public Predicate toPredicate(Root<Users> root, CriteriaQuery<?> criteriaQuery, CriteriaBuilder criteriaBuilder) { 97 // 多條件查詢進行拼接操作。 98 List<Predicate> list = new ArrayList<>(); 99 list.add(criteriaBuilder.equal(root.get("name"), "亞瑟")); 100 list.add(criteriaBuilder.equal(root.get("age"), 25)); 101 Predicate[] predicates = new Predicate[list.size()]; 102 Predicate predicate = criteriaBuilder.and(list.toArray(predicates)); 103 return predicate; 104 } 105 }; 106 107 List<Users> usersList = this.usersJpaSpecificationExecutor.findAll(specification, sort); 108 // 不用做強制類型轉換了，相對於JpaRepository的父接口。 109 Iterator<Users> iterator = usersList.iterator(); 110 while (iterator.hasNext()) { 111 Users users = iterator.next(); 112 System.out.println(users); 113 } 114 } 115 116 /** 117 * 多條件查詢的另外一種形式。 118 */ 119 @Test 120 public void testJpaSpecificationExecutorThree() { 121 // Order定義了排序規則。參數一是根據倒敘還是正序，參數二是根據那個字段進行排序。 122 Sort.Order order = new Sort.Order(Sort.Direction.DESC, "id"); 123 // Sort對象封裝了排序的規則。 124 Sort sort = Sort.by(order); 125 126 // Specification接口封裝了查詢信息的接口。 127 // Specification<Users>用戶封裝查詢條件的。 128 Specification<Users> specification = new Specification<Users>() { 129 130 /** 131 * Predicate封裝了單個的查詢條件。 132 * @param root 對查詢對象的屬性的封裝。 133 * @param criteriaQuery 封裝了我們要執行的各個部分的信息，比如select、from、order by等等信息。 134 * @param criteriaBuilder 理解為查詢條件的構造器。幫助我們定義不同的查詢條件的。 135 * @return 136 */ 137 @Override 138 public Predicate toPredicate(Root<Users> root, CriteriaQuery<?> criteriaQuery, CriteriaBuilder criteriaBuilder) { 139 // 多條件查詢進行拼接操作。 140 return criteriaBuilder.or(criteriaBuilder.and(criteriaBuilder.equal(root.get("name"), "亞瑟"), criteriaBuilder.equal(root.get("age"), 20)), criteriaBuilder.equal(root.get("id"), 2)); 141 // return criteriaBuilder.and(criteriaBuilder.equal(root.get("name"), "亞瑟"), criteriaBuilder.equal(root.get("age"), 25)); 142 } 143 }; 144 145 List<Users> usersList = this.usersJpaSpecificationExecutor.findAll(specification, sort); 146 // 不用做強制類型轉換了，相對於JpaRepository的父接口。 147 Iterator<Users> iterator = usersList.iterator(); 148 while (iterator.hasNext()) { 149 Users users = iterator.next(); 150 System.out.println(users); 151 } 152 } 153 154 155 }
3、SpringBoot整合Spring Data JPA建立關系映射。
3.1、SpringBoot整合Spring Data JPA-建立雙向一對多關聯映射。需求說明，角色與用戶的一對多的關聯關系，角色是一方，用戶是多方，即一個角色可以有多個用戶。
1 package com.bie.springboot.po; 2 3 import javax.persistence.*; 4 5 @Entity // 表示該類是實體類 6 @Table(name = "tb_users") // 表示該實體類和數據表進行映射，name表示實體類和數據表進行映射 7 // 如果使用的是正向工程的話，name屬性的值表示的是數據表的表名稱。 8 public class Users { 9 10 @Id // 表示該字段是主鍵 11 @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) // 主鍵的生成策略 12 @Column(name = "id") // 表示實體類的字段和數據表的字段進行映射的關系，如果是正向工程的話，name的值就是數據表的字段名稱 13 private Integer id;// 用戶編號 14 15 @Column(name = "name") 16 private String name;// 用戶姓名 17 18 @Column(name = "age") 19 private Integer age;// 用戶年齡 20 21 @Column(name = "address") 22 private String address;// 用戶地址 23 24 // 用戶是多方，角色是一方，所以一個用戶只能分配一個角色 25 @ManyToOne // 用戶對角色，多對一關系 26 @JoinColumn(name = "roles_id") // 該注解的作用就是為了維護一個外鍵，外鍵在Users這一側 27 // 可以通過正向工程在數據表新增一個字段。 28 private Roles roles; 29 30 31 // alt + insert來生成構造器、setter\getter等等方法 32 public Integer getId() { 33 return id; 34 } 35 36 public void setId(Integer id) { 37 this.id = id; 38 } 39 40 public String getName() { 41 return name; 42 } 43 44 public void setName(String name) { 45 this.name = name; 46 } 47 48 public Integer getAge() { 49 return age; 50 } 51 52 public void setAge(Integer age) { 53 this.age = age; 54 } 55 56 public String getAddress() { 57 return address; 58 } 59 60 public void setAddress(String address) { 61 this.address = address; 62 } 63 64 @Override 65 public String toString() { 66 return "Users{" + 67 "id=" + id + 68 ", name='" + name + '\'' + 69 ", age=" + age + 70 ", address='" + address + '\'' + 71 '}'; 72 } 73 74 public Users(String name, Integer age, String address) { 75 this.name = name; 76 this.age = age; 77 this.address = address; 78 } 79 80 81 public Users() { 82 } 83 84 public Roles getRoles() { 85 return roles; 86 } 87 88 public void setRoles(Roles roles) { 89 this.roles = roles; 90 } 91 92 }
角色信息表實體類，如下所示：
1 package com.bie.springboot.po; 2 3 import javax.persistence.*; 4 import java.util.HashSet; 5 import java.util.Set; 6 7 @Entity 8 @Table(name = "tb_roles") 9 public class Roles { 10 11 @Id 12 @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) 13 @Column(name = "roleId") 14 private Integer roleId;// 角色編號 15 16 @Column(name = "roleName") 17 private String roleName;// 角色名稱 18 19 // 角色是多的方式，一個角色可以分配給多個用戶 20 @OneToMany(mappedBy = "roles") //表示一對多的關系,mappedBy表示向Set集合放Users,放的是當前roles相同的，外鍵和主鍵相同的 21 // 表示外鍵和主鍵相同的，做在角色表里面角色和那個用戶之間的描述。 22 private Set<Users> usersSet = new HashSet<Users>(); 23 24 public Integer getRoleId() { 25 return roleId; 26 } 27 28 public void setRoleId(Integer roleId) { 29 this.roleId = roleId; 30 } 31 32 public String getRoleName() { 33 return roleName; 34 } 35 36 public void setRoleName(String roleName) { 37 this.roleName = roleName; 38 } 39 40 @Override 41 public String toString() { 42 return "Roles{" + 43 "roleId=" + roleId + 44 ", roleName='" + roleName + '\'' + 45 '}'; 46 } 47 48 public Roles(String roleName) { 49 this.roleName = roleName; 50 } 51 52 public Roles() { 53 } 54 55 public Set<Users> getUsersSet() { 56 return usersSet; 57 } 58 59 public void setUsersSet(Set<Users> usersSet) { 60 this.usersSet = usersSet; 61 } 62 63 }
測試代碼，如下所示：
1 package com.bie.springboot; 2 3 import com.bie.springboot.dao.UsersRepository; 4 import com.bie.springboot.po.Roles; 5 import com.bie.springboot.po.Users; 6 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; 7 import org.junit.runner.RunWith; 8 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 9 import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; 10 import org.springframework.data.domain.Example; 11 import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; 12 13 import java.util.Optional; 14 15 @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) 16 @SpringBootTest(classes = SpringbootJpaApplication.class) 17 // 啟動器，將測試類和啟動器整合在一起 18 class SpringbootJpaApplicationTests { 19 20 @Autowired 21 private UsersRepository usersRepository; 22 23 /** 24 * 一對多關聯關系的添加 25 */ 26 @Test 27 public void testSave() { 28 // 創建一個用戶 29 Users users = new Users("admin", 22, "北京市西城區"); 30 31 // 創建一個角色 32 Roles roles = new Roles("管理員"); 33 34 // 關聯，建立雙向關系 35 roles.getUsersSet().add(users); 36 users.setRoles(roles); 37 38 // 新增,插入用戶的時候進行級聯操作。 39 this.usersRepository.save(users); 40 } 41 42 /** 43 * 一對多關聯關系的查詢 44 */ 45 @Test 46 public void testSelect() { 47 Users users = new Users(); 48 users.setId(1); 49 Example<Users> example = Example.of(users); 50 Optional<Users> usersOptional = this.usersRepository.findOne(example); 51 Users users1 = usersOptional.orElse(null); 52 System.out.println(users1.toString()); 53 System.out.println(users1.getRoles().toString()); 54 } 55 56 }
3.2、SpringBoot整合Spring Data JPA-建立雙向多對多關聯映射。多對多的關聯關系，需求，角色與菜單多對多的關聯關系，角色是多方，菜單也是多方。
1 package com.bie.springboot.po; 2 3 import javax.persistence.*; 4 import java.util.HashSet; 5 import java.util.Set; 6 7 @Entity 8 @Table(name = "tb_menus") 9 public class Menus { 10 11 @Id 12 @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) 13 @Column(name = "menuId") 14 private Integer menuId;// 菜單編號 15 16 @Column(name = "menuName") 17 private String menuName;// 菜單名稱 18 19 @Column(name = "menuUrl") 20 private String menuUrl;// 菜單名稱 21 22 @Column(name = "menuParentId") 23 private Integer menuParentId;// 菜單名稱 24 25 // mappedBy的屬性值必須是Roles屬性字段private Set<Menus> menusSet = new HashSet<Menus>();的值名稱 26 @ManyToMany(mappedBy = "menusSet") // 多對多的關聯關系，表示菜單和角色是多對多的關系 27 private Set<Roles> rolesSet = new HashSet<Roles>(); 28 29 public Integer getMenuId() { 30 return menuId; 31 } 32 33 public void setMenuId(Integer menuId) { 34 this.menuId = menuId; 35 } 36 37 public String getMenuName() { 38 return menuName; 39 } 40 41 public void setMenuName(String menuName) { 42 this.menuName = menuName; 43 } 44 45 public String getMenuUrl() { 46 return menuUrl; 47 } 48 49 public void setMenuUrl(String menuUrl) { 50 this.menuUrl = menuUrl; 51 } 52 53 public Integer getMenuParentId() { 54 return menuParentId; 55 } 56 57 public void setMenuParentId(Integer menuParentId) { 58 this.menuParentId = menuParentId; 59 } 60 61 public Menus(String menuName, String menuUrl, Integer menuParentId) { 62 this.menuName = menuName; 63 this.menuUrl = menuUrl; 64 this.menuParentId = menuParentId; 65 } 66 67 public Menus() { 68 } 69 70 @Override 71 public String toString() { 72 return "Menus{" + 73 "menuId=" + menuId + 74 ", menuName='" + menuName + '\'' + 75 ", menuUrl='" + menuUrl + '\'' + 76 ", menuParentId=" + menuParentId + 77 '}'; 78 } 79 80 public Set<Roles> getRolesSet() { 81 return rolesSet; 82 } 83 84 public void setRolesSet(Set<Roles> rolesSet) { 85 this.rolesSet = rolesSet; 86 } 87 }
角色信息實體類，如下所示：
1 package com.bie.springboot.po; 2 3 import javax.persistence.*; 4 import java.util.HashSet; 5 import java.util.Set; 6 7 @Entity 8 @Table(name = "tb_roles") 9 public class Roles { 10 11 @Id 12 @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) 13 @Column(name = "roleId") 14 private Integer roleId;// 角色編號 15 16 @Column(name = "roleName") 17 private String roleName;// 角色名稱 18 19 // 角色是多的方式，一個角色可以分配給多個用戶 20 // mappedBy的屬性值必須是Users屬性字段private Roles roles;的值名稱 21 @OneToMany(mappedBy = "roles") //表示一對多的關系,mappedBy表示向Set集合放Users,放的是當前roles相同的，外鍵和主鍵相同的 22 // 表示外鍵和主鍵相同的，做在角色表里面角色和那個用戶之間的描述。 23 private Set<Users> usersSet = new HashSet<Users>(); 24 25 // 立即加載fetch = FetchType.EAGER 26 @ManyToMany(cascade = CascadeType.PERSIST, fetch = FetchType.EAGER) // 多對多的關聯關系，表示菜單和角色是多對多的關系 27 // joinColumns當前表中的主鍵所關聯的中間中的外鍵字段. 28 // inverseJoinColumns那一側的中間的外鍵的名稱叫什么 29 @JoinTable(name = "tb_roles_menus", joinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "roleId"), inverseJoinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "menuId")) 30 // 該注解表示映射中間表之間的信息，多對多需要一個中間表 31 // name表示數據表的名稱，joinColumns表示當前表中需要拿主鍵和中間表的那個外鍵做關聯。 32 // 中間表有兩個外鍵，一個中間表關聯一個外鍵，其實就是兩個一對多的關系. 33 private Set<Menus> menusSet = new HashSet<Menus>(); 34 35 public Integer getRoleId() { 36 return roleId; 37 } 38 39 public void setRoleId(Integer roleId) { 40 this.roleId = roleId; 41 } 42 43 public String getRoleName() { 44 return roleName; 45 } 46 47 public void setRoleName(String roleName) { 48 this.roleName = roleName; 49 } 50 51 @Override 52 public String toString() { 53 return "Roles{" + 54 "roleId=" + roleId + 55 ", roleName='" + roleName + '\'' + 56 '}'; 57 } 58 59 public Roles(String roleName) { 60 this.roleName = roleName; 61 } 62 63 public Roles() { 64 } 65 66 public Set<Users> getUsersSet() { 67 return usersSet; 68 } 69 70 public void setUsersSet(Set<Users> usersSet) { 71 this.usersSet = usersSet; 72 } 73 74 public Set<Menus> getMenusSet() { 75 return menusSet; 76 } 77 78 public void setMenusSet(Set<Menus> menusSet) { 79 this.menusSet = menusSet; 80 } 81 }
測試代碼，如下所示：
1 package com.bie.springboot; 2 3 import com.bie.springboot.dao.RolesRepository; 4 import com.bie.springboot.po.Menus; 5 import com.bie.springboot.po.Roles; 6 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; 7 import org.junit.runner.RunWith; 8 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 9 import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; 10 import org.springframework.data.domain.Example; 11 import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; 12 13 import java.util.Optional; 14 import java.util.Set; 15 16 @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) 17 @SpringBootTest(classes = SpringbootJpaApplication.class) 18 // 啟動器，將測試類和啟動器整合在一起 19 class SpringbootJpaApplicationTests { 20 21 @Autowired 22 private RolesRepository rolesRepository; 23 24 /** 25 * 多對多關聯關系的添加 26 */ 27 @Test 28 public void testSave() { 29 // 創建一個菜單對象 30 Menus menus = new Menus("菜單一", "菜單一", 0); 31 Menus menus2 = new Menus("菜單二", "菜單二", 2); 32 33 // 創建一個角色 34 Roles roles = new Roles("項目經理"); 35 36 // 關聯，建立雙向關系 37 roles.getMenusSet().add(menus); 38 roles.getMenusSet().add(menus2); 39 menus.getRolesSet().add(roles); 40 menus2.getRolesSet().add(roles); 41 42 // 新增,插入角色的時候進行級聯操作。 43 this.rolesRepository.save(roles); 44 } 45 46 /** 47 * 一對多關聯關系的查詢 48 */ 49 @Test 50 public void testSelect() { 51 Roles roles = new Roles(); 52 roles.setRoleId(1); 53 Example<Roles> example = Example.of(roles); 54 Optional<Roles> optionalRoles = this.rolesRepository.findOne(example); 55 Roles roles1 = optionalRoles.orElse(null); 56 System.out.println(roles1.getRoleName()); 57 Set<Menus> menus = roles.getMenusSet(); 58 for (Menus menus2 : menus) { 59 System.out.println(menus2); 60 } 61 } 62 63 }