背景：學習matlab gui編程入門，完成一個基於GUIDE的圖形化界面程序，結合信號生成及分析等。
操作步驟：
1、新建程序
新建一個GUIDE程序
這里選擇第一個選項，即創建一個空白的GUIDE模板（下面的三個選項為matlab自帶的3個guide模板，可以嘗試使用，但是空白模板更靈活一些）。
創建完成后，將會得到這樣一個面板，這就是進行matlab進行guide圖形化編程界面，在這里我們可以添加我們需要的各種控件到面板中。
可以看到上圖中的，左側有7行2列共14個常用的控件，添加時直接拖動即可，右側的帶油柵格的面板就是完成guide變成后，程序運行時的圖形化界面。
7行2列控件分別為：
| 普通按鈕 | 滑動條 |
| 單選按鈕 | 復選按鈕 |
| 可編輯文本 | 靜態文本 |
| 彈出式菜單 | 列表框 |
| 切換按鈕 | 表 |
| 坐標軸 | 面板 |
| 按鈕組 | ActiveX控件 |
其中常用的控件包括：普通按鈕、滑動條、可編輯文本、靜態文本、坐標軸等。
2、圖形化界面編程
首先可以根據預計生成的面板的大小，拉伸編程面板。
然后將需要的控件拖拽到編程面板中，並進行布局。這里可以使用上方工具欄的“對其對象”工具，進行布局。如：
完成布局后可以雙擊各個控件，修改其屬性，控件的屬性面板如下：（以滑動條為例）
下面，對幾個比較重要的屬性進行介紹：
字體屬性：
滑動條變量取值范圍：
標注文字（String）&標簽（Tag）：標簽是最重要的屬性，在代碼中對每一個控件進行操作時，都是以其tag作為索引。
單位（Units）&初始值（Value）：單位一般會選擇charaters（絕對單位）和normalized（相對單位），選擇characters則輸出值為設定的最大最小值之間的實際值，選擇normalized則輸出值為歸一化后的0~1之間的值。
其他各個控件的屬性會有一些區別，和各個控件自身的特性有關，基本可以直接根據各個屬性的字面意思理解。
完成控件的添加、布局和屬性設定后，即可得到一個如下的界面圖：
3、m文件編程：
完成上述圖形編程后，點擊保存，則會自動根據我們的設定，生成一個m文件模板。
模板中主要有以下幾個部分：
1、程序初始化
% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name', mfilename, ...
'gui_Singleton', gui_Singleton, ...
'gui_OpeningFcn', @signal_generator_OpeningFcn, ...
'gui_OutputFcn', @signal_generator_OutputFcn, ...
'gui_LayoutFcn', [] , ...
'gui_Callback', []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end
if nargout
[varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT注意，這部分自動生成的初始化代碼，一般不要修改！
2、程序open founction
% --- Executes just before signal_generator is made visible.
function signal_generator_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)這部分代碼會在完成圖形界面控件的創建后，首先運行，一般可以在這里添加一些自定義變量的初始化代碼等。
3、控件回調函數 callback
% --- Executes on button press in noise.
function noise_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
這部分函數會分別對應於我們在圖形編程界面添加的每一個控件，當某一個控件發生操作時，程序對自動調用它對應的回調函數（類似於中斷回調函數）。
4、我們在生成的m文件中，自行添加自定義函數，完成我們需要執行的任務。將自定義函數在控件的回調函數中國調用即可。
以下為我完成的信號發生+時域分析 GUI程序的m文件代碼，僅供參考：（文件可以在我的博客中下載）
function varargout = signal_generator(varargin)
% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name', mfilename, ...
'gui_Singleton', gui_Singleton, ...
'gui_OpeningFcn', @signal_generator_OpeningFcn, ...
'gui_OutputFcn', @signal_generator_OutputFcn, ...
'gui_LayoutFcn', [] , ...
'gui_Callback', []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end
if nargout
[varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
% --- Executes just before signal_generator is made visible.
function signal_generator_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
handles.output = hObject;
global t;
global run;
% text windos init
set(handles.fre_text,'string',get(handles.fre_slider,'value'));
set(handles.amp_text,'string',get(handles.amp_slider,'value'));
% x axes data
%handles.x = linspace(0,0.03,441*3);
handles.x = linspace(0,1.5,44100*1.5);
% wave shape data
handles.shape = 2;
% data init
t = 0;
run = 0;
handles
guidata(hObject, handles);
% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = signal_generator_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
varargout{1} = handles.output;
function my_callback(handles)
global sound_y;
global plot_y;
global plot_x;
global t;
x = handles.x;
fre = get(handles.fre_slider,'value');
amp = get(handles.amp_slider,'value');
% white noise
if handles.shape == 1
sound_y = 0.5*amp*wgn(1,44100*1.5,1);
% sin singal
elseif handles.shape == 2
sound_y = amp*sin(2*pi*fre*x);
% square singal
elseif handles.shape == 3
sound_y = amp*square(2*pi*fre*x);
% trangle singal
elseif handles.shape == 4
sound_y = amp*sawtooth(2*pi*fre*x,0.5);
end
plot_x = x(:,(1+t):(3*441+t));
plot_y = sound_y(:,(1+t):(3*441+t));
plot(handles.monitor,plot_x,plot_y);
set(handles.monitor,'ylimmode','manual');
set(handles.monitor,'ylim',[-2000,2000]);
% get peak value
peak_max = max(plot_y);
peak_min = min(plot_y);
peak_value = peak_max - peak_min;
set(handles.peak,'string',num2str(peak_value));
% get mean value
mean_value = mean(plot_y);
set(handles.mean,'string',num2str(mean_value));
% get rms value
rms_value = rms(plot_y);
set(handles.rms,'string',num2str(rms_value));
% % get frequency value
% fre_value = fft(plot_y);
% aaa = abs(fre_value);
% [m,p] = max(aaa);
% set(handles.std,'string',num2str(p));
% get std error value
std_value = std(plot_y);
set(handles.std,'string',num2str(std_value));
% --- Executes on button press in noise.
function noise_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
handles.shape = 1;
guidata(hObject, handles);
my_callback(handles);
% --- Executes on button press in square.
function square_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
handles.shape = 3;
guidata(hObject, handles);
my_callback(handles);
% --- Executes on button press in trangle.
function trangle_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
handles.shape = 4;
guidata(hObject, handles);
my_callback(handles);
% --- Executes on button press in sin.
function sin_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
handles.shape = 2;
guidata(hObject, handles);
my_callback(handles);
% --- Executes on slider movement.
function fre_slider_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
set(handles.fre_text,'string',get(handles.fre_slider,'value'));
my_callback(handles);
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function fre_slider_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
if isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor',[.9 .9 .9]);
end
function fre_text_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function fre_text_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
% --- Executes on slider movement.
function amp_slider_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
set(handles.amp_text,'string',get(handles.amp_slider,'value'));
my_callback(handles);
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function amp_slider_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
if isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor',[.9 .9 .9]);
end
function amp_text_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function amp_text_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
% --- Executes on button press in run.
function run_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
global t;
global run;
run = 1;
while run == 1
t = t+2;
my_callback(handles);
set(handles.monitor,'xlimmode','manual');
set(handles.monitor,'xlim',[(1+t)*0.000022,(3*441+t)*0.000022]);
pause(0.01);
end
% --- Executes on button press in stop.
function stop_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
global run;
run = 0;
% --- Executes on button press in play.
function play_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
global sound_y;
sound(sound_y,44100);
% --- Executes on button press in clear.
function clear_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
delete(allchild(handles.monitor));
function peak_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function peak_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
function mean_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function mean_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
function rms_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function rms_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
function std_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function std_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
——cloud over sky
——2020/3/23