每個函數都包含兩個非繼承而來的方法:call()和apply();
在JavaScript中,call和apply作用是一樣的,都是為了改變某個函數運行時的上下文(context)而存在的,換句話說,就是為了改變函數體內部this的指向。
function fruits(){} fruits.prototype = { color: "red", say: function(){ console.log("My color is " + this.color); } }; var apple = new fruits; apple.say(); //My color is red
當想另外一個對象想使用fruits中的say方法時不用重新寫,使用call和apply可以實現“劫持”別人的方法。
function fruits(){} fruits.prototype = { color: "red", say: function(){ console.log("My color is " + this.color); } }; var another = { color: "yellow" }; var apple = new fruits; apple.say(); //My color is red apple.say.call(another); //My color is yellow apple.say.apply(another); //My color is yellow
區別:參數書寫方式不同
call(thisObj, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4);
apply(thisObj, [args]);
thisObj:call和apply第一個參數是一樣的,該參數將替代Function類里面的this對象。
arg1,arg2....:是一個個的參數,
args:一個數組或類數組,是一個參數列表。
用法
改變函數作用域
var name = "小白"; var obj = { name: "小紅" }; function sayName() { return this.name; } console.log(sayName.call(this)); //小白 console.log(sayName.call(obj)); //小紅
實現繼承
//實現js繼承 //父類 function Person(name, height) { this.sayInfo = function() { return "姓名:" + name + ", 身高:" + height + ", 體重:" + this.weight; } } //子類 function Chinese(name, height, weight) { Person.call(this, name, height); this.weight = weight; this.nation = function() { console.log("我是中國人"); } } //子類 function America(name, height, weight) { Person.apply(this, [name, height]); this.weight = weight; } let chiness = new Chinese("成龍", "178cm", "60kg"); console.log(chiness.sayInfo()); //姓名:成龍, 身高:178cm, 體重:60kg let america = new America("jack", "180cm", "55kg"); console.log(america.sayInfo()); //姓名:jack, 身高:180cm, 體重:55kg