操作系統：CentOS 7.6
參考文檔：
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/binary-installation.html
實際安裝過程中，有些地方會與文檔寫的不一樣。
如果本地有安裝mariadb-libs，先卸載掉
[root@iZ8vbaz7sozl7oh8vu9vrsZ ~]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64 [root@iZ8vbaz7sozl7oh8vu9vrsZ ~]# yum remove mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64 -y
警告：MySQL對libaio 庫有依賴性。如果未在本地安裝該庫，則數據目錄初始化和隨后的服務器啟動步驟將失敗。
1、
先在操作系統安裝libaio 庫。
yum install libaio
2、
https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/
獲取下載地址
下載命令：
wget https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
2、
shell> groupadd mysql shell> useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql shell> cd /usr/local shell> tar zxvf /root/mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz shell> ln -s /usr/local/mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql shell> cd mysql shell> mkdir mysql-files shell> chown mysql:mysql mysql-files shell> chmod 750 mysql-files shell> chown mysql.mysql /usr/local//mysql shell> bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql
/*******
注意：這步執行完成后會顯示初始化的root用戶密碼
2020-05-14T05:38:52.063819Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: O(TsKbE/I9hw
密碼是：O(TsKbE/I9hw
********/
shell> bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup
/********
這一步不執行也可以，執行之后會開啟SSL
********/
shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
會顯示如下日志，11382是mysqld_safe進程號：
[1] 11382
[root@iZ8vbaz7sozl7oh8vu9vrsZ mysql]# Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/iZ8vbaz7sozl7oh8vu9vrsZ.err'.
2020-05-15T00:20:24.365985Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/data
shell>ps -ef|grep mysql
可以看下有沒有mysql進程,這里會出現兩個，一個mysqld_safe，一個mysqld,本質上是mysqld命令去啟動數據庫，使用mysqld_safe啟動數據庫，它也是調用了mysqld命令去啟動數據庫，它會對mysqld進程做一些監控，如果mysqld進程掛掉，它會把mysqld進程重新拉起來。mysqld_safe可以理解為守護進程。
[root@iZ8vbaz7sozl7oh8vu9vrsZ mysql]# ps -ef|grep mysql root 11382 11302 0 08:20 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql mysql 11452 11382 0 08:20 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=iZ8vbaz7sozl7oh8vu9vrsZ.err --pid-file=iZ8vbaz7sozl7oh8vu9vrsZ.pid root 11484 11302 0 08:20 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql
shell> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server bin/mysql -uroot -p mysql> select user,host from mysql.user; ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement. 需要先修改密碼。 mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select user,host from mysql.user; +---------------+-----------+ | user | host | +---------------+-----------+ | mysql.session | localhost | | mysql.sys | localhost | | root | localhost | +---------------+-----------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> update mysql.user set host ='%' where user='root'; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
在操作系統殺掉myql進程。
kill 11382; kill 11452;
使用mysql服務啟動竟然報錯了，
[root@iZ8vbaz7sozl7oh8vu9vrsZ mysql]# service mysql start Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start mysql.service Failed to start mysql.service: Unit not found.
在一篇博客中找到了答案，
https://www.cnblogs.com/yuanchaoyong/p/9749060.html
參考解決方法二。
在 /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service 添加Unit,既然錯誤提示找不到Unit那我們添加一個就好了。在 /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service下添加如下內容 [Unit] Description=MySQL Server After=network.target [Service] ExecStart=/usr/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/my.cnf --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock User=mysql Group=mysql WorkingDirectory=/usr [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
再操作系統執行：systemctl daemon-reload
再啟動就可以成功了。
[root@iZ8vbaz7sozl7oh8vu9vrsZ mysql]# service mysql start Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start mysql.service
vi ~/.bash_profile 在【export PATH】前加入 PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin source ~/.bash_profile
在任意目錄下執行都可以調用到mysql命令。
至此，mysql已經完成完成，並且可以正常使用。但所有參數都是默認值。
停掉數據庫，修改一些參數。
service mysql stop [root@iZ8vbaz7sozl7oh8vu9vrsZ data]# touch /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.log [root@iZ8vbaz7sozl7oh8vu9vrsZ data]# chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.log
https://www.jianshu.com/p/5f39c486561b
配置文件說明比較詳細
修改一些參數，方便后期主備復制使用。
vi /etc/my.cnf
[client] port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock [mysqld] #基本設置 server-id=1 port=3306 skip-name-resolve character_set_server=utf8 init_connect='SET NAMES utf8' basedir=/usr/local/mysql datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data socket=/tmp/mysql.sock tmpdir=/tmp log-error=/usr/local/mysql/mysqld.log pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid #不區分大小寫 lower_case_table_names = 1 sql_mode='' default-time_zone = '+8:00' transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED max_connections=1000 interactive_timeout = 7200 wait_timeout = 7200 max_allowed_packet = 1024M tmp_table_size = 64M max_heap_table_size = 64M read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M sort_buffer_size = 1M join_buffer_size = 1M table_open_cache = 2000 thread_cache_size = 16 thread_stack = 512k slow_query_log = 1 long_query_time = 3 log_bin = mysql-bin.log max_binlog_size = 1024M binlog_format = row binlog_row_image=full log_slave_updates sync_binlog = 1 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 1 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 60 innodb_io_capacity = 2000 innodb_io_capacity_max = 4000 innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
啟動數據庫
service mysql start