C語言的字符串操作
strtok 實現字符串切割: 將字符串根據分隔符進行切割分片.
#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
char str[] = "hello,lyshark,welcome";
char *ptr;
ptr = strtok(str, ",");
while (ptr != NULL)
{
printf("切割元素: %s\n", ptr);
ptr = strtok(NULL, ",");
}
system("pause");
return 0;
}
strlen 獲取字符串長度
#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
char Array[] = "\0hello\nlyshark";
char Str[] = { 'h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o' };
int array_len = strlen(Array);
printf("字符串的有效長度：%d\n", array_len);
int str_len = strlen(Str);
printf("字符串數組有效長度: %d\n", str_len);
int index = 0;
while (Str[index] != '\0')
{
index++;
printf("Str數組元素: %c --> 計數: %d \n", Str[index], index);
}
system("pause");
return 0;
}
strcpy 字符串拷貝:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
char Array[] = "hello lyshark";
char tmp[100];
// 學習strcpy函數的使用方式
if (strcpy(tmp, Array) == NULL)
printf("從Array拷貝到tmp失敗\n");
else
printf("拷貝后打印: %s\n", tmp);
// 清空tmp數組的兩種方式
for (unsigned int x = 0; x < strlen(tmp); x++)
tmp[x] = ' ';
memset(tmp, 0, sizeof(tmp));
// 學習strncpy函數的使用方式
if (strncpy(tmp, Array, 3) == NULL)
printf("從Array拷貝3個字符到tmp失敗\n");
else
printf("拷貝后打印: %s\n", tmp);
system("pause");
return 0;
}
strcat字符串連接: 將由src指向的空終止字節串的副本追加到由dest指向的以空字節終止的字節串的末尾
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
char str1[50] = "hello ";
char str2[50] = "lyshark!";
char * str = strcat(str1, str2);
printf("字符串連接: %s \n", str);
str = strcat(str1, " world");
printf("字符串連接: %s \n", str);
str = strncat(str1, str2, 3);
printf("字符串連接: %s \n", str);
system("pause");
return 0;
}
strcmp 字符串對比:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int Str_Cmp(const char * lhs, const char * rhs)
{
int ret = strcmp(lhs, rhs);
if (ret == 0)
return 1;
else
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
char *str1 = "hello lyshark";
char *str2 = "hello lyshark";
int ret = Str_Cmp(str1, str2);
printf("字符串是否相等: %d \n", ret);
if (!strncmp(str1, str2, 3))
printf("兩個字符串,前三位相等");
system("pause");
return 0;
}
strshr 字符串截取:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
const char str[] = "hello ! lyshark";
char *ret;
ret = strchr(str, '!');
printf("%s \n", ret);
system("pause");
return 0;
}
字符串逆序排列:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
void Swap_Str(char *Array)
{
int len = strlen(Array);
char *p1 = Array;
char *p2 = &Array[len - 1];
while (p1 < p2)
{
char tmp = *p1;
*p1 = *p2;
*p2 = tmp;
p1++, p2--;
}
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
char str[20] = "hello lyshark";
Swap_Str(str);
for (int x = 0; x < strlen(str); x++)
printf("%c", str[x]);
system("pause");
return 0;
}
實現字符串拷貝:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
// 使用數組實現字符串拷貝
void CopyString(char *dest,const char *source)
{
int len = strlen(source);
for (int x = 0; x < len; x++)
{
dest[x] = source[x];
}
dest[len] = '\0';
}
// 使用指針的方式實現拷貝
void CopyStringPtr(char *dest, const char *source)
{
while (*source != '\0')
{
*dest = *source;
++dest, ++source;
}
*dest = '\0';
}
// 簡易版字符串拷貝
void CopyStringPtrBase(char *dest, const char *source)
{
while (*dest++ = *source++);
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
char * str = "hello lyshark";
char buf[1024] = { 0 };
CopyStringPtrBase(buf, str);
printf("%s \n", buf);
system("pause");
return 0;
}
格式化字符串:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
// 格式化填充輸出
char buf[30] = { 0 };
sprintf(buf, "hello %s %s", "lyshark","you are good");
printf("格式化后: %s \n", buf);
// 拼接字符串
char *s1 = "hello";
char *s2 = "lyshark";
memset(buf, 0, 30);
sprintf(buf, "%s --> %s", s1, s2);
printf("格式化后: %s \n", buf);
// 數字裝換位字符串
int number = 100;
memset(buf, 0, 30);
sprintf(buf, "%d", number);
printf("格式化后: %s \n", buf);
system("pause");
return 0;
}
動態存儲字符串:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
// 分配空間
char **p = malloc(sizeof(char *)* 5);
for (int x = 0; x < 5;++x)
{
p[x] = malloc(64);
memset(p[x], 0, 64);
sprintf(p[x], "Name %d", x + 1);
}
// 打印字符串
for (int x = 0; x < 5; x++)
printf("%s \n", p[x]);
// 釋放空間
for (int x = 0; x < 5; x++)
{
if (p[x] != NULL)
free(p[x]);
}
system("pause");
return 0;
}
字符串拼接:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
char * StringSplicing(char *String1, char *String2)
{
char Buffer[1024];
int index = 0;
int len = strlen(String1);
while (String1[index] != '\0')
{
Buffer[index] = String1[index];
index++;
}
while (String2[index - len] != '\0')
{
Buffer[index] = String2[index - len];
index++;
}
Buffer[index] = '\0';
char *ret = (char*)calloc(1024, sizeof(char*));
if (ret)
strcpy(ret, Buffer);
return ret;
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
char *str1 = "hello ";
char *str2 = "lyshark ! \n";
char * new_str = StringSplicing(str1, str2);
printf("拼接好的字符串是: %s", new_str);
system("pause");
return 0;
}
實現strchr:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
char * MyStrchr(const char *String, char ch)
{
char *ptr = String;
while (*ptr != '\0')
{
if (*ptr == ch)
return ptr;
ptr++;
}
return NULL;
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
char Str[] = "hello lyshark";
char ch = 's';
char *ptr = MyStrchr(Str, ch);
printf("輸出結果: %s \n", ptr);
system("pause");
return 0;
}
自己實現尋找字符串子串:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
// 查找子串第一次出現的位置
char *MyStrStr(const char* str, const char* substr)
{
const char *mystr = str;
const char *mysub = substr;
while (*mystr != '\0')
{
if (*mystr != *mysub)
{
++mystr;
continue;
}
char *tmp_mystr = mystr;
char *tmp_mysub = mysub;
while (tmp_mysub != '\0')
{
if (*tmp_mystr != *tmp_mysub)
{
++mystr;
break;
}
++tmp_mysub;
}
if (*tmp_mysub == '\0')
{
return mystr;
}
}
return NULL;
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
char *str = "abcdefg";
char *sub = "fg";
char * aaa = MyStrStr(str, sub);
printf("%s", aaa);
system("pause");
return 0;
}
刪除字符串中連續字符
#include <stdio.h>
char del(char s[],int pos,int len) //自定義刪除函數，這里采用覆蓋方法
{
int i;
for (i=pos+len-1; s[i]!='\0'; i++,pos++)
s[pos-1]=s[i]; //用刪除部分后的字符依次從刪除部分開始覆蓋
s[pos-1]='\0';
return s;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
char str[50];
int position,length;
printf ("please input string:\n");
gets(str); //使用gets函數獲得字符串
printf ("please input delete position:");
scanf("%d",&position);
printf ("please input delete length:");
scanf("%d",&length);
del(str,position,length);
printf ("the final string:%s\n",str);
return 0;
}
C++的字符串操作
在C語言中想要輸出數據需要使用Printf來實現,但C++中引入了另一種輸出方式,C++中形象的將此過程稱為流,數據的輸入輸出是指由若干個字節組成的字節序列,這些序列從一個對象中傳遞到另一個對象,我們將此過程形象的表示為數據的流,數據流可以包括ASCII字符,二進制數據,圖形圖像數據,音頻數據等,流都將可以操作.
字符串類的初始化
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
string str("hello lyshark"); // 定義一個字符串
string str_1(str); // 構造函數,將 str中的內容全部復制到str_1
cout << str_1 << endl;
string str_2(str, 2, 5); // 構造函數,從字符串str的第2個元素開始,復制5個元素,賦值給str_2
cout << str_2 << endl;
string str_3(str.begin(), str.end()); // 復制字符串 str 的所有元素，並賦值給 str_3
cout << str_3 << endl;
char ch[] = "lyshark";
string str_4(ch, 3); // 將字符串ch的前5個元素賦值給str_4
cout << str_4 << endl;
string str_5(5, 'x'); // 將 5 個 'X' 組成的字符串 "XXXXX" 賦值給 str_5
cout << str_5 << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
標准輸出流: 首先我們演示標准的輸入輸出,其需要引入頭文件<iostream>
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
char str[] = "lyshark";
int number = 0;
cout << "hello: " << str << endl;
cin >> number;
if (number == 0)
{
cerr << "Error msg" << endl; // 標准的錯誤流
clog << "Error log" << endl; // 標准的日志流
}
int x, y;
cin >> x >> y; // 一次可以接受兩個參數
freopen("./test.log", "w", stdout); // 將標准輸出重定向到文件
system("pause");
return 0;
}
格式化輸出: 在程序中一般用cout和插入運算符“<<”實現輸出，cout流在內存中有相應的緩沖區。
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
cout << hex << 100 << endl; // 十六進制輸出
cout << dec << 100 << endl; // 十進制輸出
cout << oct << 100 << endl; // 八進制輸出
cout << fixed << 10.053 << endl; // 單浮點數輸出
cout << scientific << 10.053 << endl; // 科學計數法
cout << setw(10) << "hello" << setw(10) << "lyshark" << endl; // 默認兩個單詞之間空格
cout << setfill('-') << setw(10) << "hello" << endl; // 指定域寬,輸出字符串,空白處以'-'填充
for (int x = 0; x < 3; x++)
{
cout << setw(10) << left << "hello" ; // 自動(left/right)對齊,不足補空格
}
cout << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
單個字符輸出: 流對象中,提供了專用於輸出單個字符的成員函數put
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
char *str = "lyshark";
for (int x = 6; x >= 0; x--)
cout.put(*(str + x)); // 每次輸出一個字符
cout.put('\n');
system("pause");
return 0;
}
標准輸入流: 通過測試cin的真值,判斷流對象是否處於正常狀態.
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
float grade;
while (cin >> grade)
{
if (grade >= 85)
cout << grade << " good" << endl;
}
system("pause");
return 0;
}
讀取字符串: getline函數的作用是從輸入流中讀取一行字符
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
char str[20];
int x, y, z;
cin >> x >> y >> z;
cout << x << y << z;
cin.getline(str, 20); // 讀入字符遇到\n結束讀取
cout << str << endl;
cin.getline(str, 20, 'z'); // 讀入字符遇到z字符才結束
cout << str << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}