spring data jpa 多對多 ManyToMany

環境搭建

源碼地址：gitee：https://gitee.com/ytfs-dtx/JPA

 

導入依賴

 

<properties>
        <spring.version>5.2.5.RELEASE</spring.version>
        <hibernate.version>5.4.10.Final</hibernate.version>
        <slf4j.version>1.7.30</slf4j.version>
        <log4j.version>2.12.1</log4j.version>
        <druid.version>1.1.21</druid.version>
        <mysql.version>5.1.6</mysql.version>

    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- spring beg -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
            <version>1.9.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- spring對orm框架的支持包-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- hibernate beg -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
            <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
            <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate.validator</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
            <version>6.1.2.Final</version>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <artifactId>classmate</artifactId>
                    <groupId>com.fasterxml</groupId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>

        <!-- hibernate end -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>${mysql.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>${druid.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- spring data jpa 的坐標 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.6.RELEASE</version>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
                    <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>

        <!--  el beg 使用spring data jpa 必須引入 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.el</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.glassfish</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.el</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>${log4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

創建配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
       xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd">
    <!-- 配置實體類管理工廠 -->
    <bean id="entityManagerFactoryBean" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>

        <!-- 配置實體類的掃描 -->
        <property name="packagesToScan" value="xyz.ytfs.entity"/>


        <!-- 配置jpa的提供方 -->
        <property name="persistenceProvider">
            <bean class="org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider"/>
        </property>

        <!-- 配置提供方的適配器 -->
        <property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
            <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">

                <!-- 數據庫的類型 -->
                <property name="database" value="MYSQL"/>

                <!-- 不自動創表 -->
                <property name="generateDdl" value="false"/>

                <!-- 控制台打印sql語句 -->
                <property name="showSql" value="true"/>

                <property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL55Dialect"/>
            </bean>
        </property>

        <!--  jpa的方言：高級特性 -->
        <property name="jpaDialect">
            <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect"/>
        </property>


        <property name="jpaProperties">
            <props>
                <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
            </props>
        </property>

    </bean>


    <!-- 配置JPA的事務管理器 -->

    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
        <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactoryBean"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- JPA -->
    <jpa:repositories base-package="xyz.ytfs.dao" transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager"
                      entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactoryBean"/>

    <!-- 配置數據源 -->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbcConfig.properties"/>
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
        <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
        <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

創建實體類

注解說明

@ManyToMany
    作用：用於映射多對多關系
    屬性：
        cascade：配置級聯操作。
        fetch：配置是否采用延遲加載。
        targetEntity：配置目標的實體類。映射多對多的時候不用寫。

@JoinTable
    作用：針對中間表的配置
    屬性：
        nam：配置中間表的名稱
        joinColumns：中間表的外鍵字段關聯當前實體類所對應表的主鍵字段                          
        inverseJoinColumn：中間表的外鍵字段關聯對方表的主鍵字段
        
@JoinColumn
    作用：用於定義主鍵字段和外鍵字段的對應關系。
    屬性：
        name：指定外鍵字段的名稱
        referencedColumnName：指定引用主表的主鍵字段名稱
        unique：是否唯一。默認值不唯一
        nullable：是否允許為空。默認值允許。
        insertable：是否允許插入。默認值允許。
        updatable：是否允許更新。默認值允許。
        columnDefinition：列的定義信息。

 

User

package xyz.ytfs.entity;

import javax.persistence.*;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * @author by ytfs
 * @Classname User
 * @Description TODO(用戶類)
 * @Date 2020/5/9 23:47
 */

@Entity
@Table(name = "sys_user")

public class User {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    @Column(name = "user_id")
    private Long userId;

    @Column(name = "user_name")
    private String userName;


    /**
     * 配置用戶到角色的多對多關系
     * 配置多對多的映射關系
     * 1.聲明表關系的配置
     *
     * @ManyToMany(targetEntity = Role.class)  //多對多
     * targetEntity：代表對方的實體類字節碼
     * 2.配置中間表（包含兩個外鍵）
     * @JoinTable name : 中間表的名稱
     * joinColumns：配置當前對象在中間表的外鍵
     * @JoinColumn的數組 name：外鍵名
     * referencedColumnName：參照的主表的主鍵名
     * inverseJoinColumns：配置對方對象在中間表的外鍵
     */

    @ManyToMany(targetEntity = Role.class, cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
    @JoinTable(name = "sys_user_role",
            //joinColumns,當前對象在中間表中的外鍵
            joinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "sys_user_id", referencedColumnName = "user_id")},
            //inverseJoinColumns，對方對象在中間表的外鍵
            inverseJoinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "sys_role_id", referencedColumnName = "role_id")})
    private Set<Role> roles = new HashSet<>();

    public Long getUserId() {
        return userId;
    }

    public void setUserId(Long userId) {
        this.userId = userId;
    }

    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }

    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }

    public Set<Role> getRoles() {
        return roles;
    }

    public void setRoles(Set<Role> roles) {
        this.roles = roles;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "userId=" + userId +
                ", userName='" + userName + '\'' +
                ", roles=" + roles +
                '}';
    }
}

Role

package xyz.ytfs.entity;


import javax.persistence.*;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * @author by ytfs
 * @Classname Role
 * @Description TODO(用戶對應的類型)
 * @Date 2020/5/9 23:47
 */

@Entity
@Table(name = "sys_role")
public class Role {


    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    @Column(name = "role_id")
    private Long roleId;


    @Column(name = "role_name")
    private String roleName;


    /**
     * 配置用戶到角色的多對多關系
     *      配置多對多的映射關系
     *          1.聲明表關系的配置
     *              @ManyToMany(targetEntity = User.class)  //多對多
     *                  targetEntity：代表對方的實體類字節碼
     *          2.配置中間表（包含兩個外鍵）
     *                @JoinTable
     *                  name : 中間表的名稱
     *                  joinColumns：配置當前對象在中間表的外鍵
     *                      @JoinColumn的數組
     *                          name：外鍵名
     *                          referencedColumnName：參照的主表的主鍵名
     *                  inverseJoinColumns：配置對方對象在中間表的外鍵
     */
     /*  @ManyToMany(targetEntity = User.class)
        @JoinTable(name = "sys_user_role",
            //joinColumns,當前對象在中間表中的外鍵
            joinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "sys_role_id", referencedColumnName = "role_id")},
            //inverseJoinColumns，對方對象在中間表的外鍵
            inverseJoinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "sys_user_id", referencedColumnName = "user_id")})*/
    @ManyToMany(mappedBy = "roles")
    private Set<User> users = new HashSet<>();

    public Set<User> getUsers() {
        return users;
    }

    public void setUsers(Set<User> users) {
        this.users = users;
    }

    public Long getRoleId() {
        return roleId;
    }

    public void setRoleId(Long roleId) {
        this.roleId = roleId;
    }

    public String getRoleName() {
        return roleName;
    }

    public void setRoleName(String roleName) {
        this.roleName = roleName;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Role{" +
                "roleId=" + roleId +
                ", roleName='" + roleName + '\'' +
                ", users=" + users +
                '}';
    }
}

創建數據訪問層的接口

IUserDao

package xyz.ytfs.dao;

import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor;
import xyz.ytfs.entity.User;

/**
 * @author by ytfs
 * @Classname UserDao
 * @Description TODO(用戶的數據訪問層接口)
 * @Date 2020/5/10 0:05
 */


public interface IUserDao extends JpaRepository<User, Long>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<User> {
}

IRoleDao

package xyz.ytfs.dao;

import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor;
import xyz.ytfs.entity.Role;

/**
 * @author by ytfs
 * @Classname IRoleDao
 * @Description TODO(用戶對應的職位數據訪問層)
 * @Date 2020/5/10 0:07
 */


public interface IRoleDao extends JpaRepository<Role, Long>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Role> {
}

測試類

package xyz.ytfs.test;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.annotation.Rollback;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import xyz.ytfs.dao.IRoleDao;
import xyz.ytfs.dao.IUserDao;
import xyz.ytfs.entity.Role;
import xyz.ytfs.entity.User;

import javax.transaction.Transactional;
import java.util.HashSet;

/**
 * @author by ytfs
 * @Classname JpaManyToManyTest
 * @Description TODO(多對多的測試類)
 * @Date 2020/5/10 0:08
 */


@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationContext.xml")
public class JpaManyToManyTest {


    @Autowired
    private IRoleDao roleDao;

    @Autowired
    private IUserDao userDao;

    /**
     * 保存一個用戶，保存一個角色
     * <p>
     * 多對多放棄維護權：被動的一方（這里就是被選擇的一方Role）放棄
     */
    @Test
    @Transactional
    @Rollback(false)
    public void testSave() {

        User user = new User();
        user.setUserName("雨聽風說");


        Role role = new Role();
        role.setRoleName("程序猿");

         /*
         表達多對多的關系，雙方都表達的時候必須有一方放棄維護中間表，不然會拋出異常
          */
        role.getUsers().add(user);

        user.getRoles().add(role);


        this.userDao.save(user);
        this.roleDao.save(role);

    }

    //測試級聯添加（保存一個用戶的同時保存用戶的關聯角色）
    @Test
    @Transactional
    @Rollback(false)
    public void testCasacdeSave() {
        User user = new User();
        user.setUserName("雨聽風說");


        Role role = new Role();
        role.setRoleName("程序猿");

        /*
         表達多對多的關系
          */
        role.getUsers().add(user);

        user.getRoles().add(role);

        //級聯操作，在保存用戶的同時保存用戶的類型
        this.userDao.save(user);

    }

    /**
     * 級聯刪除，刪除id為1的客戶
     */

    @Test
    @Transactional
    @Rollback(false)
    public void testDeleteCasaced() {
        //查詢id為1的用戶
        User user = this.userDao.getOne(1L);

        //刪除id為1的用戶，級聯刪除用戶對應的類型
        this.userDao.delete(user);
    }

}