主題
新購了一台 CentOS8 的雲服務器，使用 yum install php 方式只能安裝 7.2 版本的 PHP 且無 mysql 擴展，采取的方法是卸載已有 PHP + 重裝更新版本的 PHP
本文參考文檔在CentOS 8上安裝PHP 7.2、PHP 7.3、PHP 7.4的方法
停止並卸載 PHP
本機已存在的 PHP 是通過 yum 安裝的 7.2 版本，使用命令停止它
systemctl stop php-fpm
卸載它
# 輸入
yum remove php
# 輸出
Dependencies resolved.
=================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
=================================================================================================================
Removing:
php x86_64 7.2.11-2.module_el8.1.0+209+03b9a8ff @AppStream 5.5 M
Removing unused dependencies:
apr x86_64 1.6.3-9.el8 @AppStream 293 k
apr-util x86_64 1.6.1-6.el8 @AppStream 231 k
apr-util-bdb x86_64 1.6.1-6.el8 @AppStream 12 k
apr-util-openssl x86_64 1.6.1-6.el8 @AppStream 20 k
centos-logos-httpd noarch 80.5-2.el8 @AppStream 1.9 k
httpd x86_64 2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae790463 @AppStream 5.4 M
httpd-filesystem noarch 2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae790463 @AppStream 400
httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae790463 @AppStream 211 k
mailcap noarch 2.1.48-3.el8 @BaseOS 71 k
mod_http2 x86_64 1.11.3-3.module_el8.1.0+213+acce2796 @AppStream 479 k
php-cli x86_64 7.2.11-2.module_el8.1.0+209+03b9a8ff @AppStream 11 M
php-common x86_64 7.2.11-2.module_el8.1.0+209+03b9a8ff @AppStream 6.2 M
php-fpm x86_64 7.2.11-2.module_el8.1.0+209+03b9a8ff @AppStream 5.7 M
Transaction Summary
=================================================================================================================
Remove 14 Packages
Freed space: 35 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Running scriptlet: php-7.2.11-2.module_el8.1.0+209+03b9a8ff.x86_64 1/1
Erasing : php-7.2.11-2.module_el8.1.0+209+03b9a8ff.x86_64 1/14
Running scriptlet: httpd-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae790463.x86_64 2/14
Erasing : httpd-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae790463.x86_64 2/14
Running scriptlet: httpd-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae790463.x86_64 2/14
Running scriptlet: php-fpm-7.2.11-2.module_el8.1.0+209+03b9a8ff.x86_64 3/14
Erasing : php-fpm-7.2.11-2.module_el8.1.0+209+03b9a8ff.x86_64 3/14
warning: /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf saved as /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.rpmsave
Running scriptlet: php-fpm-7.2.11-2.module_el8.1.0+209+03b9a8ff.x86_64 3/14
Erasing : httpd-tools-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae790463.x86_64 4/14
Erasing : apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 5/14
Running scriptlet: apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 5/14
Erasing : php-cli-7.2.11-2.module_el8.1.0+209+03b9a8ff.x86_64 6/14
Erasing : httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae790463.noarch 7/14
Running scriptlet: httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae790463.noarch 7/14
Erasing : mailcap-2.1.48-3.el8.noarch 8/14
Erasing : centos-logos-httpd-80.5-2.el8.noarch 9/14
Erasing : php-common-7.2.11-2.module_el8.1.0+209+03b9a8ff.x86_64 10/14
warning: /etc/php.ini saved as /etc/php.ini.rpmsave
Erasing : apr-1.6.3-9.el8.x86_64 11/14
Running scriptlet: apr-1.6.3-9.el8.x86_64 11/14
Erasing : apr-util-bdb-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 12/14
Erasing : apr-util-openssl-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 13/14
Erasing : mod_http2-1.11.3-3.module_el8.1.0+213+acce2796.x86_64 14/14
Running scriptlet: mod_http2-1.11.3-3.module_el8.1.0+213+acce2796.x86_64 14/14
Verifying : apr-1.6.3-9.el8.x86_64 1/14
Verifying : apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 2/14
Verifying : apr-util-bdb-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 3/14
Verifying : apr-util-openssl-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 4/14
Verifying : centos-logos-httpd-80.5-2.el8.noarch 5/14
Verifying : httpd-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae790463.x86_64 6/14
Verifying : httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae790463.noarch 7/14
Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae790463.x86_64 8/14
Verifying : mailcap-2.1.48-3.el8.noarch 9/14
Verifying : mod_http2-1.11.3-3.module_el8.1.0+213+acce2796.x86_64 10/14
Verifying : php-7.2.11-2.module_el8.1.0+209+03b9a8ff.x86_64 11/14
Verifying : php-cli-7.2.11-2.module_el8.1.0+209+03b9a8ff.x86_64 12/14
Verifying : php-common-7.2.11-2.module_el8.1.0+209+03b9a8ff.x86_64 13/14
Verifying : php-fpm-7.2.11-2.module_el8.1.0+209+03b9a8ff.x86_64 14/14
Removed:
php-7.2.11-2.module_el8.1.0+209+03b9a8ff.x86_64
apr-1.6.3-9.el8.x86_64
apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64
apr-util-bdb-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64
apr-util-openssl-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64
centos-logos-httpd-80.5-2.el8.noarch
httpd-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae790463.x86_64
httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae790463.noarch
httpd-tools-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae790463.x86_64
mailcap-2.1.48-3.el8.noarch
mod_http2-1.11.3-3.module_el8.1.0+213+acce2796.x86_64
php-cli-7.2.11-2.module_el8.1.0+209+03b9a8ff.x86_64
php-common-7.2.11-2.module_el8.1.0+209+03b9a8ff.x86_64
php-fpm-7.2.11-2.module_el8.1.0+209+03b9a8ff.x86_64
Complete!
通過 DNF 方式查看可安裝的 PHP 版本列表
首先先啟用 Remi 存儲庫，該命令將啟用EPEL存儲庫，參考在CentOS 8/RHEL 8上安裝和啟用REMI存儲庫的方法。
# 輸入
dnf install dnf-utils http://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-8.rpm
# 輸出
Last metadata expiration check: 0:39:10 ago on Wed 29 Apr 2020 10:02:05 AM CST.
remi-release-8.rpm 15 kB/s | 23 kB 00:01
Dependencies resolved.
=================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
=================================================================================================================
Installing:
yum-utils noarch 4.0.8-3.el8 BaseOS 64 k
remi-release noarch 8.1-2.el8.remi @commandline 23 k
Upgrading:
centos-release x86_64 8.1-1.1911.0.9.el8 BaseOS 21 k
Installing dependencies:
centos-gpg-keys noarch 8.1-1.1911.0.9.el8 BaseOS 12 k
centos-repos x86_64 8.1-1.1911.0.9.el8 BaseOS 13 k
Transaction Summary
=================================================================================================================
Install 4 Packages
Upgrade 1 Package
Total size: 132 k
Total download size: 109 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/4): centos-gpg-keys-8.1-1.1911.0.9.el8.noarch.rpm 264 kB/s | 12 kB 00:00
(2/4): centos-repos-8.1-1.1911.0.9.el8.x86_64.rpm 288 kB/s | 13 kB 00:00
(3/4): centos-release-8.1-1.1911.0.9.el8.x86_64.rpm 1.5 MB/s | 21 kB 00:00
(4/4): yum-utils-4.0.8-3.el8.noarch.rpm 236 kB/s | 64 kB 00:00
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 128 kB/s | 109 kB 00:00
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Running scriptlet: centos-gpg-keys-8.1-1.1911.0.9.el8.noarch 1/1
Installing : centos-gpg-keys-8.1-1.1911.0.9.el8.noarch 1/6
Installing : centos-repos-8.1-1.1911.0.9.el8.x86_64 2/6
Upgrading : centos-release-8.1-1.1911.0.9.el8.x86_64 3/6
Installing : remi-release-8.1-2.el8.remi.noarch 4/6
Installing : yum-utils-4.0.8-3.el8.noarch 5/6
Cleanup : centos-release-8.0-0.1905.0.9.el8.x86_64 6/6
Running scriptlet: centos-release-8.0-0.1905.0.9.el8.x86_64 6/6
Verifying : centos-gpg-keys-8.1-1.1911.0.9.el8.noarch 1/6
Verifying : centos-repos-8.1-1.1911.0.9.el8.x86_64 2/6
Verifying : yum-utils-4.0.8-3.el8.noarch 3/6
Verifying : remi-release-8.1-2.el8.remi.noarch 4/6
Verifying : centos-release-8.1-1.1911.0.9.el8.x86_64 5/6
Verifying : centos-release-8.0-0.1905.0.9.el8.x86_64 6/6
Upgraded:
centos-release-8.1-1.1911.0.9.el8.x86_64
Installed:
yum-utils-4.0.8-3.el8.noarch remi-release-8.1-2.el8.remi.noarch
centos-gpg-keys-8.1-1.1911.0.9.el8.noarch centos-repos-8.1-1.1911.0.9.el8.x86_64
Complete!
運行命令獲取所有可用 PHP 版本列表
# 輸入
dnf module list php
# 輸出
Remi's Modular repository for Enterprise Linux 8 - x86_64 7.4 kB/s | 564 kB 01:15
Safe Remi's RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 8 - x86_64 4.1 kB/s | 1.5 MB 06:25
CentOS-8 - AppStream
Name Stream Profiles Summary
php 7.2 [d][e] common [d], devel, minimal PHP scripting language
php 7.3 common, devel, minimal PHP scripting language
Remi's Modular repository for Enterprise Linux 8 - x86_64
Name Stream Profiles Summary
php remi-7.2 common [d], devel, minimal PHP scripting language
php remi-7.3 common [d], devel, minimal PHP scripting language
php remi-7.4 common [d], devel, minimal PHP scripting language
Hint: [d]efault, [e]nabled, [x]disabled, [i]nstalled
當前要安裝 7.4 版本，要運行兩個命令
# 輸入
# 重置 PHP 的對標目標（個人理解）
dnf module reset php
# 輸出
Last metadata expiration check: 0:07:34 ago on Wed 29 Apr 2020 10:43:54 AM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
=======================================================================================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
=======================================================================================================================================================================================
Resetting modules:
php
Transaction Summary
=======================================================================================================================================================================================
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Complete!
# 輸入
# 將 PHP 的對標目標設置為新的目標版本（以前默認是7.2）
dnf module enable php:remi-7.4
# 輸出
Last metadata expiration check: 0:07:43 ago on Wed 29 Apr 2020 10:43:54 AM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
=======================================================================================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
=======================================================================================================================================================================================
Enabling module streams:
php remi-7.4
Transaction Summary
=======================================================================================================================================================================================
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Complete!
安裝目標版本 7.4
安裝 PHP 和常用模塊
# 輸入
dnf module install php:remi-7.4
# 或者 dnf install php 或指定安裝模塊 dnf install php php-opcache php-gd php-curl php-mysqlnd
# 輸出
挺長的
檢查和配置
檢查安裝結果
# 輸入
php -v
# 輸出
PHP 7.4.5 (cli) (built: Apr 14 2020 12:54:33) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.4.0, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
with Zend OPcache v7.4.5, Copyright (c), by Zend Technologies
設置 PHP-FPM 為系統開機啟動
systemctl enable php-fpm
運行 PHP 和重啟 Nginx
systemctl start php-fpm
systemctl reload nginx
補充
使用 sudo yum install php-xxx 安裝指定模塊，或者 dnf search php74 指定 php74 查看相關信息，dnf search php 查看與 php 相關的軟件包，php --modules 查看已安裝的 php 模塊