寫好爬蟲的原則只有一條:
就是讓你的抓取行為和用戶訪問網站的真實行為盡量一致
1、偽造UA字符串，每次請求都使用隨機生成的UA
為了減少復雜度，隨機生成UA的功能通過第三方模塊庫fake-useragent實現，使用pip進行安裝
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pip install fake
-
useragent
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2、生成一個UA字符串只需要如下代碼
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from
fake_useragent
import
UserAgent
ua
=
UserAgent()
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各瀏覽器的User-Agent
這個庫還有一個其他的功能，就是可以隨機各瀏覽器的UA
IE瀏覽器的UA：
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print
(ua.ie)
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Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US)
Opera瀏覽器的UA：
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print
(ua.opera)
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Opera/9.80 (Windows NT 6.1; U; zh-cn) Presto/2.6.37 Version/11.00
Chrome瀏覽器的UA：
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print
(ua.chrome)
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Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.2 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1216.0 Safari/537.2
Firefox瀏覽器的UA：
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print
(ua.firefox)
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Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; Win64; x64; rv:16.0.1) Gecko/20121011 Firefox/16.0.1
Safari瀏覽器的UA：
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print
(ua.safari)
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Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; CPU OS 6_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/536.26 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/6.0 Mobile/10A5355d Safari/8536.25
隨機User-Agent
寫爬蟲最實用的就是可以隨意變換headers，一定要有隨機性
在這里我寫了三個隨機生成UA，三次打印都不一樣，隨機性很強，十分方便
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print
(ua.random)
print
(ua.random)
print
(ua.random)
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Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS i686 3912.101.0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/27.0.1453.116 Safari/537.36
Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, likeGecko) Chrome/37.0.2062.124 Safari/537.36
Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/32.0.1664.3 Safari/537.36
當然，你如果不想這么用的話，你也可以自己搜集一些UA，存為文本文件，然后打開讀取來用
附：常用的User-Agent列表
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USER_AGENTS
=
[
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; AcooBrowser; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)"
,
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; Acoo Browser; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 5.0; .NET CLR 3.0.04506)"
,
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; AOL 9.5; AOLBuild 4337.35; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)"
,
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US)"
,
"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 6.0)"
,
"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)"
,
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0b; Windows NT 5.2; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30)"
,
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN) AppleWebKit/523.15 (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.3 (Change: 287 c9dfb30)"
,
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux; en-US) AppleWebKit/527+ (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.6"
,
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.2pre) Gecko/20070215 K-Ninja/2.1.1"
,
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9) Gecko/20080705 Firefox/3.0 Kapiko/3.0"
,
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; U;) Gecko/20070322 Kazehakase/0.4.5"
,
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.0.8) Gecko Fedora/1.9.0.8-1.fc10 Kazehakase/0.5.6"
,
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11"
,
"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/535.20 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1036.7 Safari/535.20"
,
"Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; fr) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.52"
,
]
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