原文鏈接：ElasticSearch多種搜索方式
一、Query String Search(‘Query String’方式的搜索)
1.搜索全部商品
GET /shop_index/productInfo/_search 返回結果：
{ "took": 8, "timed_out": false, "_shards": { "total": 5, "successful": 5, "skipped": 0, "failed": 0 }, "hits": { "total": 3, "max_score": 1, "hits": [ { "_index": "shop_index", "_type": "productInfo", "_id": "2", "_score": 1, "_source": { "test": "test" } }, { "_index": "shop_index", "_type": "productInfo", "_id": "zyWpRGkB8mgaHjxk0Hfo", "_score": 1, "_source": { "name": "HuaWei P20", "desc": "Expen but easy to use", "price": 5300, "producer": "HuaWei Producer", "tags": [ "Expen", "Fast" ] } }, { "_index": "shop_index", "_type": "productInfo", "_id": "1", "_score": 1, "_source": { "name": "HuaWei Mate8", "desc": "Cheap and easy to use", "price": 2500, "producer": "HuaWei Producer", "tags": [ "Cheap", "Fast" ] } } ] } }
字段解釋：
took:耗費了幾毫秒 timed_out:是否超時，這里是沒有 _shards:數據被拆到了5個分片上，搜索時使用了5個分片，5個分片都成功地返回了數據，失敗了0個，跳過了0個 hits.total:查詢結果的數量，3個document max_score:就是document對於一個search的相關度的匹配分數，越相關，就越匹配，分數也越高 hits.hits:包含了匹配搜索的document的詳細數據2.搜索商品名稱中包含HuaWei的商品，而且按照售價降序排序：
下面這種方法也是"Query String Search"的由來，因為search參數都是以http請求的query string來附帶的.
GET /shop_index/productInfo/_search?q=name:HuaWei&sort=price:desc返回結果：
{ "took": 23, "timed_out": false, "_shards": { "total": 5, "successful": 5, "skipped": 0, "failed": 0 }, "hits": { "total": 2, "max_score": null, "hits": [ { "_index": "shop_index", "_type": "productInfo", "_id": "zyWpRGkB8mgaHjxk0Hfo", "_score": null, "_source": { "name": "HuaWei P20", "desc": "Expen but easy to use", "price": 5300, "producer": "HuaWei Producer", "tags": [ "Expen", "Fast" ] }, "sort": [ 5300 ] }, { "_index": "shop_index", "_type": "productInfo", "_id": "1", "_score": null, "_source": { "name": "HuaWei Mate8", "desc": "Cheap and easy to use", "price": 2500, "producer": "HuaWei Producer", "tags": [ "Cheap", "Fast" ] }, "sort": [ 2500 ] } ] } }
二、Query DSL(DSL: Domain Specified Language，特定領域的語言)
這種方法是通過一個json格式的http request body請求體作為條件，可以完成多種復雜的查詢需求，比query string的功能更加強大
1.搜索所有商品
GET /shop_index/productInfo/_search { "query": { "match_all": {} } }
返回結果省略...
2.查詢名稱中包含HuaWei的商品，並且按照價格降序排列
GET /shop_index/productInfo/_search { "query": { "match": { "name": "HuaWei" } }, "sort": [ { "price": { "order": "desc" } } ] }
返回結果省略...
3.分頁查詢第二頁，每頁1條記錄
GET /shop_index/productInfo/_search { "query": { "match_all": {} }, "from": 1, "size": 1 }
返回結果：
{ "took": 6, "timed_out": false, "_shards": { "total": 5, "successful": 5, "skipped": 0, "failed": 0 }, "hits": { "total": 3, "max_score": 1, "hits": [ { "_index": "shop_index", "_type": "productInfo", "_id": "zyWpRGkB8mgaHjxk0Hfo", "_score": 1, "_source": { "name": "HuaWei P20", "desc": "Expen but easy to use", "price": 5300, "producer": "HuaWei Producer", "tags": [ "Expen", "Fast" ] } } ] } }
注意：
(1)在實際項目中，如果有條件查詢之后再需要分頁，不需要單獨查詢總條數，ES會返回滿足條件的總條數，可以直接使用；
(2)ES的分頁默認from是從0開始的；
4.只查詢特定字段，比如：name，desc和price字段，其他字段不需要返回
GET /shop_index/productInfo/_search { "query": { "match": { "name": "HuaWei" } }, "_source": ["name","desc","price"] }
返回結果：
{ "took": 27, "timed_out": false, "_shards": { "total": 5, "successful": 5, "skipped": 0, "failed": 0 }, "hits": { "total": 2, "max_score": 0.2876821, "hits": [ { "_index": "shop_index", "_type": "productInfo", "_id": "zyWpRGkB8mgaHjxk0Hfo", "_score": 0.2876821, "_source": { "price": 5300, "name": "HuaWei P20", "desc": "Expen but easy to use" } }, { "_index": "shop_index", "_type": "productInfo", "_id": "1", "_score": 0.2876821, "_source": { "price": 2500, "name": "HuaWei Mate8", "desc": "Cheap and easy to use" } } ] } }
三.Query Filter(對查詢結果進行過濾)
比如：查詢名稱中包含HuaWei，並且價格大於4000的商品記錄:
GET /shop_index/productInfo/_search { "query": { "bool": { "must": [ { "match": { "name": "HuaWei" } } ], "filter": { "range": { "price": { "gt": 4000 } } } } } }
返回結果：
{ "took": 195, "timed_out": false, "_shards": { "total": 5, "successful": 5, "skipped": 0, "failed": 0 }, "hits": { "total": 1, "max_score": 0.2876821, "hits": [ { "_index": "shop_index", "_type": "productInfo", "_id": "zyWpRGkB8mgaHjxk0Hfo", "_score": 0.2876821, "_source": { "name": "HuaWei P20", "desc": "Expen but easy to use", "price": 5300, "producer": "HuaWei Producer", "tags": [ "Expen", "Fast" ] } } ] } }
四、全文索引(Full-Text Search)
搜索生產廠商字段中包含"HuaWei MateProducer"的商品記錄：
GET /shop_index/productInfo/_search { "query": { "match": { "producer": "HuaWei MateProducer" } } }
返回結果：
{ "took": 8, "timed_out": false, "_shards": { "total": 5, "successful": 5, "skipped": 0, "failed": 0 }, "hits": { "total": 4, "max_score": 0.5753642, "hits": [ { "_index": "shop_index", "_type": "productInfo", "_id": "SiUBRWkB8mgaHjxkJHyS", "_score": 0.5753642, "_source": { "name": "HuaWei Mate10", "desc": "Cheap and Beauti", "price": 2300, "producer": "HuaWei MateProducer", "tags": [ "Cheap", "Beauti" ] } }, { "_index": "shop_index", "_type": "productInfo", "_id": "1", "_score": 0.2876821, "_source": { "name": "HuaWei Mate8", "desc": "Cheap and easy to use", "price": 2500, "producer": "HuaWei Producer", "tags": [ "Cheap", "Fast" ] } }, { "_index": "shop_index", "_type": "productInfo", "_id": "zyWpRGkB8mgaHjxk0Hfo", "_score": 0.18232156, "_source": { "name": "HuaWei P20", "desc": "Expen but easy to use", "price": 5300, "producer": "HuaWei Producer", "tags": [ "Expen", "Fast" ] } }, { "_index": "shop_index", "_type": "productInfo", "_id": "CSX8RGkB8mgaHjxkV3w1", "_score": 0.18232156, "_source": { "name": "HuaWei nova 4e", "desc": "cheap and look nice", "price": 1999, "producer": "HuaWei Producer", "tags": [ "Cheap", "Nice" ] } } ] } }
從以上結果中可以看到：
id為"SiUBRWkB8mgaHjxkJHyS"的記錄score分數最高，表示匹配度最高;
原因：
producer分完詞之后包括的詞語有：
(1).HuaWei:
匹配到改詞的記錄ID：'SiUBRWkB8mgaHjxkJHyS','1','CSX8RGkB8mgaHjxkV3w1','zyWpRGkB8mgaHjxk0Hfo'
(2).MateProducer:
匹配到該詞的記錄ID：'SiUBRWkB8mgaHjxkJHyS'
由於"HuaWei MateProducer"兩次匹配到ID為'SiUBRWkB8mgaHjxkJHyS'的記錄，所以該記錄的score分數最高。
五、Phrase Search(短語搜索)
短語索引和全文索引的區別：
(1)全文匹配：將要搜索的內容分詞，然后挨個單詞去倒排索引中匹配，只要匹配到任意一個單詞，就算是匹配到記錄;
(2)短語索引：輸入的搜索串，必須在指定的字段內容中，完全包含一模一樣的，才可以算匹配，才能作為結果返回;
例如：搜索name中包含"HuaWei MateProducer"短語的商品信息:
GET /shop_index/productInfo/_search { "query": { "match_phrase": { "producer": "HuaWei MateProducer" } } }
返回結果：
{ "took": 158, "timed_out": false, "_shards": { "total": 5, "successful": 5, "skipped": 0, "failed": 0 }, "hits": { "total": 1, "max_score": 0.5753642, "hits": [ { "_index": "shop_index", "_type": "productInfo", "_id": "SiUBRWkB8mgaHjxkJHyS", "_score": 0.5753642, "_source": { "name": "HuaWei Mate10", "desc": "Cheap and Beauti", "price": 2300, "producer": "HuaWei MateProducer", "tags": [ "Cheap", "Beauti" ] } } ] } }
可以看到只有包含"HuaWei MateProducer"的記錄才被返回。
六、Highlight Search(搜索高亮顯示)
高亮搜索指的是搜索的結果中，將某些特別需要強調的詞使用特定的樣式展示出來。
例如：搜索商品名稱中包含"Xiao'Mi"的商品，並將搜索的關鍵詞高亮顯示：
GET /shop_index/productInfo/_search { "query": { "match": { "name": "Xiao'Mi" } }, "highlight": { "fields": { "name": {} } } }
返回結果：
{ "took": 348, "timed_out": false, "_shards": { "total": 5, "successful": 5, "skipped": 0, "failed": 0 }, "hits": { "total": 1, "max_score": 0.2876821, "hits": [ { "_index": "shop_index", "_type": "productInfo", "_id": "HiX9RGkB8mgaHjxk4nxC", "_score": 0.2876821, "_source": { "name": "Xiao'Mi 9", "desc": "Expen but nice and Beauti", "price": 3500, "producer": "XiaoMi Producer", "tags": [ "Expen", "Beauti" ] }, "highlight": { "name": [ "<em>Xiao'Mi</em> 9" ] } } ] } }
可以看到，"Xiao'Mi"使用了標簽返回了，可以在HTML中直接以斜體展示。
如果想使用自定義高亮樣式，可以使用pre_tags和post_tags進行自定義，比如：想使用紅色展示，如下所示：
GET /shop_index/productInfo/_search { "query": { "match": { "name": "Xiao'Mi" } }, "highlight": { "fields": { "name": {} }, "pre_tags": [ "<em style='color:red;'>" ], "post_tags": [ "</em>" ] } }
返回結果：
{ "took": 10, "timed_out": false, "_shards": { "total": 5, "successful": 5, "skipped": 0, "failed": 0 }, "hits": { "total": 1, "max_score": 0.2876821, "hits": [ { "_index": "shop_index", "_type": "productInfo", "_id": "HiX9RGkB8mgaHjxk4nxC", "_score": 0.2876821, "_source": { "name": "Xiao'Mi 9", "desc": "Expen but nice and Beauti", "price": 3500, "producer": "XiaoMi Producer", "tags": [ "Expen", "Beauti" ] }, "highlight": { "name": [ "<em style='color:red;'>Xiao'Mi</em> 9" ] } } ] } }
返回結果中的搜索關鍵字使用表示紅色的css樣式展示出來。