第六課 英語的特殊結構
1、強調句型
It is...that / who / which（少見）...
* 強調句型可以強調句子中所有成分（唯一不能強調謂語）*
It is obviously that I love you. （強調句型）
It is obvious that I love you.
2、倒裝
1）什么是倒裝
倒裝就是把一句話寫成一般疑問句形式，也就是給一句話加助動詞或把be動詞放在句首
2）倒裝的具體用法
· 否定詞放在句首用倒裝
I can hardly speak Japanese.
Hardly can I speak Japanese.
I by no means love you.
By no means do I love you.
· so，nor / neither 位於句首，表示承前句子的肯定或否定表示倒裝
· 含有 so...that...結構的句子將 so 引導的部分置於句首時用倒裝
· only 引出的狀語從句放句首時用倒裝
· as 引導讓步狀語從句，從句表語可以放在句首構成部分倒裝
· 省略 if 的虛擬語氣用倒裝
2）倒裝的具體用法
- 寫作
· 文化交流不但能促進我們國家經濟發展，而且還能開闊個人視野
· Not only can cultural exchange promote economic advance but also make our eyesight broad.
· 我累得渾身都沒勁了
· So exhausted am I that I have no energy throughout.
- 長難句分析
還原倒裝部分后再作翻譯
3、虛擬語氣
虛擬語氣表示與事實相反或語氣委婉
一般用法：
If 引導的條件狀語從句
· If you are were a tear in my eyes，I will would never shed it. （虛擬語氣）
· If I was had been a dog last night，I could sleep have slept with you in bed.
如何把正常條件狀語從句變成虛擬語氣：
只需要把已寫好句子的時態變為過去式，並且在虛擬語氣中（be 動詞的過去式為 were，could = would = might）
If I remembered you in my next life，we would never seperate with each other.
特殊用法：
1）以下情況從句用 " should + v." 表示虛擬，並且should可以省略。
以防：incase，lest，for fear that
命令：order，direct，command
建議：advise，suggest，propose
要求：ask，request，demand，require 用虛擬
是必要的：It is necessary / important that...
例：In case that you should develop fatal infections，you had stay at home.
It seems crucial that more activities should（可省略） be attended to show myself.
2）以下情況從句用過去式時表示虛擬
用一般過去式時表示虛擬：常見 would rather 與 It is high time that...
It is high time that the independance of kids were cultivated by senior citizens.
3）以下情況區別對待
把本來時態寫成過去式：
· 常見詞 wish，if only，but for，or/otherwise，as though/as if（好像，似乎） 等
If only I were your child.
If only I had been your child.
4、情態動詞
1. 情態動詞 + 動詞原形（表示對現在和將來的推測）
I must be wealthy in the future
It can be a boy
2. （表示對過去的推測）
He must have been self-abased in his University.
注：must have done（一定做過某事） 否定：can not 禁止：must not
You need not have shown your love in this way.
注：need not have done（本沒必要做某事，但做了）
I could have become a prominent poet.
注：could have done（本能夠做某事卻沒有做，表示遺憾）
We should have got married if there exists a chance.
注：should have done（本應該做某事，卻沒有做）