2020系統綜合實踐2 使用Docker部署Nginx和MySQL容器

目錄

• 實現一個自定義的web容器服務
  • 拉取nginx鏡像並運行
  • 更改默認Web目錄的思路
  • 提取nginx配置文件
  • Dockerfile for my-nginx
  • 構建並運行
• 實現一個自定義的數據庫容器服務
  • Dockerfile for my-mysql
  • setup.sh
  • schema.sh
  • privileges.sql
  • 運行效果
  • 查看容器內的配置信息
  • 碎碎念

---

實現一個自定義的web容器服務

拉取nginx鏡像並運行

參考nginx - Docker Hub：

sudo su
docker pull nginx
docker run --name some-nginx -d -p 8000:80 nginx

更改默認Web目錄的思路

嘗試使用了官方readme中提供的

docker run --name some-nginx -v /some/content:/usr/share/nginx/html:ro -d nginx

但是似乎沒啥用（也可能是我寫錯了），菜鳥教程也沒有，就去網上找了篇教程：更改nginx網站根目錄 - irisrain - 博客園。
根據教程，只要修改/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf中指定的路徑就可以了。但在Dockerfile中修改文件似乎有點麻煩。於是想了個辦法：把配置文件復制出來，在外面改好了再用COPY命令直接覆蓋原文件。

提取nginx配置文件

用容器中復制文件的命令：docker cp container:filepath destpath，嘗試復制

docker cp some-nginx:/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf .

然而報錯了

Error: No such container:path: some-nginx:/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

用docker exec -it some-nginx /bin/bash進容器看了下，確實不存在這個文件……找了半天才發現是在/etc/nginx下

然而這個文件里面並沒有server{}。但是最后一行里有個include，去這里看看。

這個文件里包含了server{},那它就是我們的目標了，把他復制到宿主機里。

docker cp some-nginx:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf .

• listen 監聽端口值，這里修改為2420
• root為Web默認目錄，這里修改為/usr/share/nginx/my_web_dir
• index訪問容器時默認展示的頁面

Dockerfile for my-nginx

FROM nginx
COPY default.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/ # 替換nginx配置文件
COPY my_web_dir/ /usr/share/nginx/my_web_dir/ # 復制Web文件到容器中
EXPOSE 8000 # 聲明對外暴露的端口號

• 項目目錄結構
  

構建並運行

docker rm --force some-nginx # 之前的容器還占用着8000端口，先把它停掉
docker build -t mynginx . # 構建鏡像
docker run --name myweb -d -p 8000:2420 mynginx # 運行容器

在瀏覽器訪問localhost:8000

---

實現一個自定義的數據庫容器服務

參考讓docker中的mysql啟動時自動執行sql文件 - 我是13 - 博客園

Dockerfile for my-mysql

FROM mysql:5.7

MAINTAINER qyanzh

# 不允許免密登錄
ENV MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD no

# 將所需文件放到容器中
COPY setup.sh /mysql/setup.sh
COPY schema.sql /mysql/schema.sql
COPY privileges.sql /mysql/privileges.sql
 
#設置容器啟動時執行的命令
CMD ["sh", "/mysql/setup.sh"]

setup.sh

#!/bin/bash
set -e
 
#查看mysql服務的狀態，方便調試，這條語句可以刪除
echo `service mysql status`
 
echo '1.啟動mysql....'
#啟動mysql
service mysql start
sleep 3
echo `service mysql status`
 
echo '2.開始導入數據....'
#導入數據
mysql < /mysql/schema.sql
echo '3.導入數據完畢....'
 
sleep 3
echo `service mysql status`
 
#重新設置mysql密碼
echo '4.開始修改密碼....'
mysql < /mysql/privileges.sql
echo '5.修改密碼完畢....'
 
#sleep 3
echo `service mysql status`
echo `mysql容器啟動完畢,且數據導入成功`
 
tail -f /dev/null

schema.sh

-- 創建數據庫
create database `docker_mysql` default character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;
 
use docker_mysql;
 
-- 建表
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS test;
 
CREATE TABLE test (
 `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
 `name` varchar(255) DEFAULT ""
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
 
-- 插入數據
INSERT INTO test (`id`, `name`)
VALUES
  (2420,'qyanzh');

privileges.sql

use mysql;
select host, user from user;
-- 因為mysql版本是5.7，因此新建用戶為如下命令：
create user qyanzh identified by '123456';
-- 將docker_mysql數據庫的權限授權給創建的qyanzh用戶，密碼為123456：
grant all on docker_mysql.* to qyanzh@'%' identified by '123456' with grant option;
-- 這一條命令一定要有：
flush privileges;

運行效果

查看容器內的配置信息

docker inspect mss

[
    {
        "Id": "384133522ada061cc695597a4a674339adcd5207d4b433b99d969410b66d5e58",
        "Created": "2020-04-18T14:43:09.6751744Z",
        "Path": "docker-entrypoint.sh",
        "Args": [
            "sh",
            "/mysql/setup.sh"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 581,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2020-04-18T14:43:10.2132393Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:7ed1a15f8feb10ed0be85f2139f9ffe9193dcfc886dceab1c5e0a184863a4649",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/384133522ada061cc695597a4a674339adcd5207d4b433b99d969410b66d5e58/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/384133522ada061cc695597a4a674339adcd5207d4b433b99d969410b66d5e58/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/384133522ada061cc695597a4a674339adcd5207d4b433b99d969410b66d5e58/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/384133522ada061cc695597a4a674339adcd5207d4b433b99d969410b66d5e58/384133522ada061cc695597a4a674339adcd5207d4b433b99d969410b66d5e58-json.log",
        "Name": "/mss",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {
                "3306/tcp": [
                    {
                        "HostIp": "",
                        "HostPort": "3336"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "Capabilities": null,
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/04b271fc23e13d2275b126520f7d52f8d333ac39a7e22d93797a2e2a9eb0a42b-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/21de45ad1e19ec22aef42a9318554fbe567e8c247df370d2bacbf18dc8bac924/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d0476a686f412858249a88d83f6d7bd5424a2f83abf096588bbb1be8238736a0/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c1ca47f90218f847fe3de7e1dcba38507bef87570079b64783d7a507fd3a7239/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/73854aef4ee16ce8e7038b6143c5c14e474c01dc78489ef99b7b31f99382016c/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/45234d83fc887db136d2e3818096d6f6d45c1ad830ba62fa37a165d8b168df1b/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4db6b6e68b1000aa915bd35985813193a2f6d785beb51670c661101300070216/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5618db8f94dc8740b1c3aa5c8d53d13645323230c954c1675a0c731e521edc0a/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d55ba343e590ec6b202a195a4d341401e76440d3236a0b062e7f07abcf018a5e/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/46b954f945dcb531acde41ab237218511055f1cb27c4155f61e295ed878bb6ae/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0bc4172736ed65014a07abd3e4b2bd69d0665c16bfe39942d1ff0204da362d35/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0e2e49ff21fe23409a99fe2f0d814201df03c558b502ffcebc4081c520baa316/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/23954cbffe5a21c3dd070a0a50a1196c8338df4bb15a7a69fff82ad3d8705581/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d504dbaa6b36ff01d546387ee685b0440266538e30093d9e521ddbe144f4a954/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7f88102ac1267fb09f4e2499feb85ce1422e5fcd2e5781ae602efec3161d47d9/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/04b271fc23e13d2275b126520f7d52f8d333ac39a7e22d93797a2e2a9eb0a42b/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/04b271fc23e13d2275b126520f7d52f8d333ac39a7e22d93797a2e2a9eb0a42b/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/04b271fc23e13d2275b126520f7d52f8d333ac39a7e22d93797a2e2a9eb0a42b/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [
            {
                "Type": "volume",
                "Name": "02de0adc806ff40073116c59b0afb0049f5997d099d8e20fb2af2fa6ee5a1c62",
                "Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/02de0adc806ff40073116c59b0afb0049f5997d099d8e20fb2af2fa6ee5a1c62/_data",
                "Destination": "/var/lib/mysql",
                "Driver": "local",
                "Mode": "",
                "RW": true,
                "Propagation": ""
            }
        ],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "384133522ada",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "ExposedPorts": {
                "3306/tcp": {},
                "33060/tcp": {}
            },
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456",
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
                "GOSU_VERSION=1.12",
                "MYSQL_MAJOR=5.7",
                "MYSQL_VERSION=5.7.29-1debian10",
                "MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD=no"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "sh",
                "/mysql/setup.sh"
            ],
            "Image": "ms",
            "Volumes": {
                "/var/lib/mysql": {}
            },
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": [
                "docker-entrypoint.sh"
            ],
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {}
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "c5ef3c225645b27b2feb397a81b528bdc20916ca89e5f35036cd52d4d7c1114a",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {
                "3306/tcp": [
                    {
                        "HostIp": "0.0.0.0",
                        "HostPort": "3336"
                    }
                ],
                "33060/tcp": null
            },
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/c5ef3c225645",
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            "EndpointID": "e288fe965a7c681cc6920e5325d339cdc03d300245c1ce108ab2abedcb89f636",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
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            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
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            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
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                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
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                }
            }
        }
    }
]

碎碎念

又做了一整天，太難了，要抑郁了。