#include <iostream> using namespace std; class Shape { public:
//普通函數前加virtual,普通函數變成了虛函數
// =0表示抽象虛函數,子類必須實現該函數 virtual void printarea()=0; void hello(){cout<<"Shape hello function"<<endl;}; }; class Circle:public Shape { public: Circle(int a):r(a){} void hello(){cout<<"Circle hello function"<<endl;}; void printarea(){cout<<"圓形面積為:"<<r*r*3.14<<endl;} private: int r; }; class Rectangle:public Shape { public: Rectangle(int a,int b):x(a),y(b){} void hello(){cout<<"Rectangle hello function"<<endl;}; void printarea(){cout<<"矩形面積為:"<<x*y<<endl;} private: int x; int y; }; class Square:public Shape { public: Square(int a):l(a){} void hello(){cout<<"Square hello function"<<endl;}; void printarea(){cout<<"正方形面積為:"<<l*l<<endl;} private: int l; }; void prints(Shape *s) {
//基類指針s指向子類對象
//s調用的函數printarea是虛函數,所以會調用子類實例的printarea s->printarea();
//s調用的函數hello不是虛函數,所以只會調用基類的hello s->hello(); } int main() { Circle a(1); prints(&a); Square b(2); prints(&b); Rectangle c(1,2); prints(&c); return 0; }
輸出:
圓形面積為:3.14 Shape hello function 正方形面積為:4 Shape hello function 矩形面積為:2 Shape hello function